RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1972 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/gm80qf99h THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TSUNGLI YAMEN 49 of trade at Tientsin and to the imperial commissioner at Shanghai to draft, in conjunction with the governors-general and governors of the provinces concerned, regulations to govern the payment of expenses involved in transporting revenue silver collected at the ports to the Board [of Revenue] and also for the salaries of customs inspectors, and clerks, for stationery and other items, and then to memorialize requesting permission to put them into effect, in the hope that this will speedily clear the withheld portion [for the payment of the indemnities] and lead to the eradication of abuses. 4. In each province where foreign affairs are dealt with your servants recommend instructions be sent to the Manchu garrison commanders, the governors-general and governors that they should keep each other informed in order to avoid discrepancies. We note that hitherto, in the management of affairs involving foreign countries, because the Grand Council has not issued copies of memorials submitted and edicts respectfully received, the governors-general and governors have also not communicated with each other. Originally this was in order to maintain secrecy and to prevent leakage of information. Now, however, since instructions have been sent to the provinces, to the superintendent of trade and to the imperial commissioner that they should regularly report to the Tsungli Yamen at the capital, the Manchu garrison commanders, the prefect of Peking, and the governors-general and governors should regularly inform each other of whatever they ought to do, and only then will there be no discrepancies at all. Moreover, when one province manages affairs satisfactorily another province can copy it, when this province manages affairs unsatisfactorily that province can be on its guard against it. We note that in the second month of the ninth year of Hsien-feng, Ho Kuei-ch'ing, the former governor-general of Liang-Chiang memorialized that: hitherto all matters have been memorialized secretly, and that the authorities do not keep each other informed, and that there are no files which can be consulted. It has reached such a point that colleagues in the same office are not fully informed. As a result numerous discrepancies and complications have arisen. This certainly is a great source of abuses. Your servant requests that instructions be issued that those concerned should notify each other so that there is uniformity in this matter. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1976 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/hq382988q "PATTERNED BANDS" IN THE N.T. OF HONG KONG 91 9 See John A. Brim, "Village Alliance Temples in Hong Kong”, in Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society, Arthur P. Wolf, ed., Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1974, pp. 93-104. 10 J. H. Stewart Lockhart, in his "Report on the New Territory at Hong Kong" (H.M. Stationery Office, 1900, p.6) states that different systems existed in Tai Po, Yuen Long, and "Ts'ün Wan and other areas". 11 In my census sample of Kwan Mun Hau Village, only 15% of the wives of household heads were born in Tsuen Wan. However, 89% of the mothers and 69% of the wives of Village Representatives interviewed by Graham E. Johnson in 1969 were born in Tsuen Wan District. (Graham E. Johnson, Natives, Migrants, and Voluntary Associations in a Colonial Chinese Setting, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, 1970.) The reason for the discrepancy between the two samples is not clear; it may reflect differences between leaders and ordinary people, or between Kwan Mun Hau Village and Tsuen Wan in general. 12 Reported by Pat and Roger Howard, Canadians teaching in China. 13 Reported by Graham E. Johnson in 1976. 14 This was stated by Fei Hsiao-tung in an interview with Helga E. Jacobson and Graham E. Johnson in October 1976. 15 There is, for example, no mention of a backstrap loom in the very comprehensive study China at Work, by Rudolf P. Hommel (The M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1969). ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1978 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/8g84t8593 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 1977 1976 HKS $16,353 Expenses ... 2,244 Journal and other Publication Activity Expenses (Annual General Meeting, Dinner, Symposium and Outings) ... $19,200.00 1976 $ 2,064 17,365 8,863 HK$ Life Memberships (Note 1 on p. 10) $ 3,450.00 Annual Memberships (Note 1) 17,588.19 Sales of Publications 5,720.15 2,232 Receipts from Members for Activities 2,850.00 7,200 Secretarial Assistance 3,269.50 7,200.00 3,374 Bank Interest Received 2,842.78 4,577 Dividends Received 2,746 Office Equipment 200 Sundry Receipts 5,230.46 225.00 1,253 Purchase of Books 500.00 7,241 4,600 Sundry Expenses (Printing, Stationery, Advertising, Lecture Expenses, etc.) 6,345.20 2,962 Annual Subscription to Hong Kong Arts Centre Balance, being Deficit of Expenditure over Income transferred to Accumulated Funds 2,808.12 4,000.00 $41,637 $40,714.70 $41,637 $40,714.70 D. A. GILKES, Hon. Treasurer. REPORT OF THE HON. AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY, HONG KONG BRANCH In our opinion, the above Balance Sheet is properly drawn up so as to exhibit a true and fair view of the Society's affairs at 31st December 1977 and of its income and expenditure for the year ended on that date. WONG, TAN & Co., Hon. Auditors, Chartered Accountants, Certified Public Accountants. Hong Kong 8th March 1978. 11 ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1979 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/2801w5938 XV INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1978 HK$ 1977 HK$ $15,300.00 $ 3,450 Life Memberships (Note 1) 17,588 Annual Memberships (Note 1) 5,720 Sales of Publications +++ $ 1,040.00 19,313.92 6,458.38 +++ +++ + 2,920.00 6,600.00 1,064.15 2,850 Receipts from Members for Activities 2,843 Bank Interest Received 5,231 Dividends Received 2,400.00 ... 1,602.34 +++ 5,795.89 225 Sundry Receipts 403.03 +++ 762.00 Tours-Amount received 1977 $19,200 3,270 Journal and other Publication Expenses ** Activity Expenses (Annual General Meeting, Dinner, Symposium and Outings) 7,200 Secretarial Assistance Office Equipment H 500 Purchase of Books +++ Sundry Expenses (Printing, Stationery, Postage, Stamp Duty, Telephone, etc.) 6,545 9,253.60 4,000 Annual Subscription to Hong Kong Arts Centre 4,060.00 Rent for Library in Hong Kong Arts Centre HI $40,715 3,420.00 $43,379.75 2,808 $40,715 from Members $103,700 ** Amount paid out 103,700 Balance, being Deficit of Expenditure over Income transferred to Accumulated Funds +++ 6,366.19 $43,379.75 D. A. GILKES, Hon. Treasurer. REPORT OF THE HON. AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY, HONG KONG BRANCH In our opinion, the above Balance Sheet is properly drawn up so as to exhibit a true and fair view of the Society's affairs at 31st December 1978 and of its income and expenditure for the year ended on that date. Wong, Tan & Co., Hon. Auditors, Chartered Accountants, Certified Public Accountants, Hong Kong. 22nd March, 1979. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1979 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/2801w5938 NOTES AND QUERIES 219 gressed gradually. More than 140 cases of disputes between customers and our members were settled through the mediation of our Association. At the beginning of the Summer season in 1950, a former senior British colonial official who had served in Africa and at the Colonial Office and his wife visited Hong Kong. On 12 May 1950, he paid a visit to our Association and had asked many searching questions about the history and organisation of our Association and also about the business conditions of our member firms. Extremely satisfied with our answers, he stated that after returning home, he would collate materials and write a book on this topic, so as to promote trade between China and the United Kingdom.* In 1941, our Association had a membership of only 19 firms, which number was later increased to 23. On the liberation of Hong Kong in 1945, there were 32 members but in the following year, the number was increased to 37. In 1947, there were 41 members. In 1948, our Association launched a membership drive. By 1949, the number was increased to 80 and afterwards many joined our Association as members. By 1951, our Association had a membership of 102. In spite of the business slump in recent years, our Association still has a membership of 97 at present. Construction of a new Association Building The old Association Building was built in the 8th year of the reign of Tung Ch'ih (1868). In 1947, it was proposed by Mr. Yung Sai-fong, then Chairman of our Association, that the building should be demolished for reconstruction as it was in danger of collapse on account of its age. The motion was carried at a General Meeting. Shortly afterwards, a notice was received from the Secretary for Chinese Affairs to the effect that Government proposed to resume and put up at public auction the Crown lot on which our Association building stood, and that our Association was to bid for it at the auction. In response, our Association requested Government to grant the lot to us for redevelopment. In 1947, our Association received a reply from the Colonial Office via the Secretary for Chinese Affairs stating that approval had been given for our Association to purchase the lot at a price of $100 per square foot. reference to Mr. Harold Ingrams, though the date seems wrong as the Ingrams left Hong Kong on 8th May. See Hong Kong (London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1952) pp.1,7 and 147. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1980 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/kh04md207 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST December, 1979 1978 1978 H.K. Currency H.K. Currency $ 15,300 Journal and other Publications $ 15,380.00 Activity Expenses (Annual General Meeting, Dinner, Symposium and $ 1,040 Life Memberships 500.00 19,314 Annual Memberships 19,130.96 6,458 Sales of Publications 2,920.00 Outings) 5,486.00 8,799.85 ++ --- 6,600 Secretarial Assistance 6,000.00 2,400 Receipts from Members for Activities 5,550.00 1,064 Office Equipment 1,603.00 Bank Interest Received 2,251.40 762 Purchase of Books 1,861.95 5,796 Dividends Received 8,490.19 LLI JL Sundry Expenses (Printing, Stationery, 403 Sundry Receipts 536.80 LLL 9,254 Postage, etc.) 7,017.70 Tours: Amount received 4,060 Annual Subscription to Hong Kong Arts Centre 4,060.00 3,420 Rent for Library in Hong Kong Arts Centre 3,000.00 from members Amount paid out $217,693.00 217,693.00 --- (6,366) Balance, being surplus of Income over Expenditure transferred to Accumulated Funds ++ 2,453.55 $ 37,014 $ 45,259.20 $ 37,014 $ 45,259.20 REPORT OF THE HON. AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY, HONG KONG BRANCH In our opinion, the above Balance Sheet is properly drawn up so as to exhibit a true and fair view of the Society's affairs at 31st December, 1979 and of its income and expenditure for the year ended on that date. 17th March, 1980. KWAN WONG TAN & FONG Hon. Auditors. Chartered Accountants, Certified Public Accountants, Hong Kong ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1981 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/ff36bt18m THE CHINESE CHURCH, LABOUR AND ELITES AND THE MUT TSAT QUESTION IN THE 1920'S 113 represented the majority view of the Chinese community toward the mui tsai system. Whatever the truth of this conclusion their efforts supported by concerned groups in Britain had finally moved a reluctant Colonial Office to instruct the Hong Kong Government to abolish the system. NOTES Daily Press, August 23, 1917. 1 2 ibid. November 9, 1920. 3 South China Morning Post, November 9, 1920. Daily Press, January 25, 1921. 6 South China Morning Post, August 1, 1921. Text of manifesto published in ibid. October 13, 1921. 7 Daily Press, March 22, 1922. 8 Reported in ibid. March 27, 1922. 9 Mui Tsai in Hong Kong and Malaysia — Report of Commission, issued by Colonial Office. H. M. Stationery Office, London, 1937. Microfilm Colonial Office Records in Public Records Office, London: CO129/474, p. 211ff. 11 CO129/478, p. 759, September 16, 1922. 12 ibid. 13 Daily Press, December 30, 1922. 14 ibid. January 20, 1923. 15 ibid. February 9, 1923. 16 ibid. February 16, 1923. 17 ibid. February 19, 1923. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1988 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/ft84gb83q ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY – HONG KONG BRANCH INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 1988 1988 1987 HK$ HK$ SUBSCRIPTIONS Life memberships 12,700 16,000 Annual memberships 99,764 45,293 112,464 61,293 ORGANISED ACTIVITIES Income from members 46,625 42,019 Expenses 17,155 14,755 29,470 27,264 4,605 2,400 OTHER INCOME Dividends from investments 6,764 5,750 Bank interest 4,632 3,071 11,396 8,821 TOTAL INCOME 128,466 72,514 EXPENDITURE Annual journal and publications 58,708 59,410 Less: Income from sales 24,576 21,353 34,132 38,057 PURCHASES OF BOOKS 9,495 496 OVERHEAD EXPENSES Assistant secretary's salary 54,000 27,000 Bank charges 548 Depreciation 8,433 6,530 Gifts 4,127 Postage 10,163 Printing and photocopying 12,759 28,276 Stationery and office supplies 1,867 Other 747 92,654 61,806 TOTAL EXPENDITURE 136,281 100,359 NET (EXPENDITURE) FOR THE YEAR (7,815) (27,845) ACCUMULATED FUNDS BROUGHT FORWARD As previously reported 87,523 123,926 Prior year adjustment (Note 1(d)) 14,074 5,516 101,597 129,442 ACCUMULATED FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD 93,782 101,597 Page XX ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1989 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/8336pm92h ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY HONG KONG BRANCH INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 1989 1989 1988 1987 SUBSCRIPTIONS HK$ HK$ HK$ Life memberships 1,992 Annual memberships 12,700 115,485 99,764 117,477 112,464 ORGANISED ACTIVITIES Income from members 61,320 46,625 47,971 Expenses 42,019 13,349 4,606 7,654 6,764 5,589 4,632 867 600 + 14,710 11,396 OTHER INCOME Dividends from investments 145,536 128,466 65,000 Bank interest 80,708 16,866 46,576 48,134 34,132 16,625 9,495 54,000 54,000 497 548 6,287 8,443 400 4,127 1 1 11,589 10,163 15,601 12,759 615 1,867 941 747 Donations Gain on disposal of fixed assets TOTAL INCOME 89,930 92,654 154,689 132,281 EXPENDITURE Annual journal and publications (9,153) (7,815) Less: Income from sales PURCHASES OF BOOKS 93,782 101,597 OVERHEAD EXPENSES Assistant secretary's salary 84,629 93,782 Bank charges Depreciation Gifts Postage Printing and photocopying Stationery and office supplies Other TOTAL EXPENDITURE NET (EXPENDITURE) FOR THE YEAR ACCUMULATED FUNDS BROUGHT FORWARD ACCUMULATED FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD xxi ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1989 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/8336pm92h 119 NOTES 1 Ch'ü, Ta-chün, Kuang-tang hsin-yü [New Tales from Kuang-tung], Hong Kong: Chung-hua ch'u-pan-shê, 1974, reprinted from 1700 edition, p. 677. 2 ibid, pp. 674-676. 3 Yung-yen, “Hong Kong ti ming k'ao” [The Origin of Place Names in Hong Kong], in: Li Chun-wei (ed.) Hong Kong pai nien [Centenary History of Hong Kong], (Hong Kong: Nan chung pien yi ch'u-pan-shê, 1948), p. 68. 4 Hong Kong Daily Press, February 5, 1873. 5 Siu, A.K.K., “The Hong Kong Region Before and After the Coastal Evacuation in the Early Ch'ing Dynasty”, in: Faure, David, James Hayes and Birch (eds.), From Village to City, (Hong Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 1984), p. 2; Fêng K'ê-pin (ed.), Hsiang chien [Notes on Incense], in: Kuang pai ch'uan hsüeh hai (1), 1998. (Taipei: Hsin-hsing shu-chü, reprinted in 1970). 6 Balfour, S.F., “Hong Kong Before the British”, Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 10, 1979, p. 176. 7 Ch'ü, p. 677. 8 Chang, Y.N., "Hong Kong Ts'un (Hong Kong Village) and the Cultivation and Exportation of Incense from Kowloon and the New Territories”, in: Lo, Hsiang Lin (ed.), Hong Kong and Its External Communications Before 1842, (Hong Kong: Institute of Chinese Culture, 1963), p. 114. 9 Tung-kuan Hsien-chih [Tung-kuan Gazetteer], compiled by Ch'ên Pai-tao, (Tung-kuan yang-hêng yin-wu-chü, 1910), Section 14, p. 13; Dunn, Stephen Troyte and William James Tutcher, Flora of Kwangtung and Hong Kong, (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1912), p. 9. 10 Iu, K.C., "The Cultivation of the Incense Tree (Aquilaria sinensis)”, Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 23, 1983, pp. 247-249. 11 “Imports for the Year 1846”, Hong Kong Blue Book 1846, p. 200, 204, 207. 12 “Imports for the Year 1847”, Hong Kong Blue Book 1847, pp. 200-212. 13 “Imports for the Year 1848”, Hong Kong Blue Book 1848, pp. 251-254. 14 Hsü, Kuang-ch'i (ed.), Nung chêng ch'üan shu [Encyclopedia on Agricultural Techniques], (1847), Section 18, pp. 13-15. 15 Yung-yen, p. 68. 16 Lockhart, S. "Extracts from A Report by Mr Stewart Lockhart on the Extension of the Colony of Hong Kong on October 8, 1898”, Sessional Papers concerning the Acquisition of the New Territories 1899, p. 190. 17 Nathan, cited by J.W. Hayes. "Notes and Queries: Sandalwood Mills at Tsun Wan". Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 16, 1976, pp. 282-283. 18 'Report on the New Territories for the year 1925; B. Southern District", Hong Kong Administrative Reports 1925, p. J13. 19 'Report on the New Territories for the Year 1931; B. Southern District" Hong Kong Administrative Reports 1931, p. J18. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1989 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/8336pm92h 120 77 *Reports on the New Territories for the Year 1932; B. Southern District”, Hong Kong Administrative Reports 1932, p. J22. # Nathan, p. 282-283. "Imports for the Year 1855", Hong Kong Blue Book 1855, p. 323, "Imports for the Year 1857". Hong Kong Blue Book 1857, p. 183. 26 Hennessy, J.P., "Address of Governor Sir John Pope Hennessy, KCMG, on the Census Returns and the Progress of Hong Kong", Hong Kong Administrative Reports, 1880-1881. די Hong Kong Annual Report 1946, p. 42. + Hong Kong Chinese Chamber of Commerce +*** "Business Conditions", in: Report for the Year 1949 Hong Kong Chinese Chamber of Commerce). E‡‡ƒ), (Hong Kong: 29 Ingrams, H., "Industry”, in: Hong Kong, (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1952), p. 139. Fieldwork, 1987. 31 Registrar of Trade Unions, Annual Departmental Reports, 1960-1969. +2 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Trade Statistics. 1968-1978. See Plate 15. See Plate 16. 15 See Plate 17. See Plates 18 and 19. 17 Osgood. Cornelius, The Chinese, a Study of a Hong Kong Community, Volume 2. (Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, 1975), p. 769. 18 **Returns of the Manufactures, Mines and Fisheries", Hong Kong Blue Book 1911. P. V3. 39 Returns of the Manufactures, Mines and Fisheries", Hong Kong Blue Book 1903-1906, p. V4. 40 "Returns of the Manufactures, Mines and Fisheries", Hong Kong Blue Book 1946, p. V3. "Returns of the Manufactures, Mines and Fisheries", Hong Kong Blue Book 1920-1925, p. VI. See Appendix 1 for a table of Locations of Joss Stick Factories, 1902-1930. + Leeming, Frank, Streets Studies in Hong Kong: Localities in a Chinese City. (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1977), p. 105. 4.1 + ibid, p. 109. See Appendix II for plans of a Number of Factories. See Appendix III for a Map showing the 1987 distribution of Joss Stick Factories. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1990 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/d79206299 ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY – HONG KONG BRANCH INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 1990 1990 1989 HK$ HK$ SUBSCRIPTIONS Life memberships 8,340 6,932 Annual memberships 107,738 115,485 116,078 122,417 ORGANISED ACTIVITIES Income from members 61,320 Expenses 47,971 103,863 13,349 OTHER INCOME Dividends from investments 8,639 7,654 Bank interest 6,201 5,589 Donations 500 Gain on disposal of fixed assets 867 600 15,340 14,710 TOTAL INCOME 164,263 150,476 Annual journal and publications 48,440 65,000 Less: Income from sales 13,264 16,866 35,176 48,134 PURCHASES OF BOOKS 20,968 16,625 OVERHEAD EXPENSES Assistant Secretary's salary 54,000 54,000 Bank charges 838 497 Depreciation 5,331 6,287 Gifts 3,720 400 Postage 6,566 11,589 Printing and photocopying 15,332 15,601 Stationery and office supplies 153 615 Other 2,340 941 88,280 89,930 TOTAL EXPENDITURE 144,424 154,689 NET INCOME/(EXPENDITURE) FOR THE YEAR 19,839 (4,213) ACCUMULATED FUNDS BROUGHT FORWARD As previously reported 84,629 (16,020) Prior year adjustment 93,782 Restated (20,960) 72,822 68,609 ACCUMULATED FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD 88,448 68,609 xviii ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1991 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/k356gt84j ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY – HONG KONG BRANCH INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 1991 (Expressed in Hong Kong Dollars) 1991 1990 HK$ HK$ HK$ SUBSCRIPTIONS Life memberships 8,740 8,340 Annual memberships 126,505 107,738 135,245 116,078 ORGANISED ACTIVITIES Income from members 93,290 70,672 Expenses 136,708 103,863 22,618 32,845 OTHER INCOME Dividends from investments 9,569 8,639 Bank interest 6,711 6,201 Donations 500 16,280 16,280 15,340 TOTAL INCOME 174,143 164,263 EXPENDITURE Annual journal and publications 115,640 48,440 Less: Income from sales 35,532 13,264 80,108 35,176 PURCHASES OF BOOKS OVERHEAD EXPENSES Assistant Secretary's salary 66,000 54,000 Bank charges 782 838 Depreciation 2,330 5,331 Gifts 3,720 Postage 9,101 6,566 Printing and photocopying 10,499 15,332 Stationery and office supplies 1,537 2,493 TOTAL EXPENDITURE 170,670 144,424 NET INCOME FOR THE YEAR 3,473 19,839 ACCUMULATED FUNDS BROUGHT FORWARD 88,448 68,609 ACCUMULATED FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD 91,921 88,448 ============ ======== xvi ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-2003 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/2v242g390 Interaction with local inhabitants is a crucial aspect and an important element in subsequent government land policy both for development and environment conservation. The interests of indigenous people must be respected; moreover, it should also be remembered that one effective way of conserving the environment or cultural landscape is to let the local people protect and care for their own heritage. The success of conservation and development often depends on effective communication and cooperation between these parties. As in the case shown in Tai Long Wan and Pak Lap, the support from the local community within the development is a key element in developing the homeland of those indigenous people, and the sustainability of a development often depends on this factor. Notes and References See A. Arce and N. Long eds., Anthropology, Development and Modernities: Exploring Discourses, Counter-Tendencies and Violence (London: Routledge, 1999); A. Escobar, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1995); and K. Milton, Environmentalism and Cultural Theory: Exploring the Role of Anthropology in Environmental Discourse (London and New York: Routledge, 1996). See A. Abramson and D. Theodossopoulos eds., Land, Law and Environment: Mythical Land, Legal Boundaries (London: Pluto Press, 2000); and C. Shore and S. Wright eds., Anthropology of Policy: Critical Perspectives on Governance and Power (London and New York: Routledge, 1997). 3 See E. Cater and G. Lowman eds., Ecotourism: A Sustainable Option? (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1994); L. France ed., The Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Tourism (London: Earthscan Publications Ltd., 1997); and M. C. Hall and S. McArthur, Integrated Heritage Management (London: The Stationery Office, 1998). * See Hong Kong Government, Policy Objectives 1999 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Government, 1999). * After nine months of negotiation between the Hong Kong SAR government and Walt Disney Company, it was confirmed in October 1999 that they would jointly build a Disneyland theme park in Penny Bay in Lantau Island, to be completed ================================================================================