RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1962 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/9s166f47f 133 SMITH, Leslie, O.B.E. SMITH, Lloyd A. + SMITH, Stanley Herbert - SOONG, Norman SPERRY, Henry Muhlenberg STANLEY, Major Henry, F. STANTON, William T. STARBIRD, Linwood R. - STENTON, Prof. Harry STOCK, Prof. F. E., O.B.E. - STOKES, John ז J . 23-A, Robinson Road, Hong Kong. 2741, SW 22nd Ave. Coconut Grove, Miami 33, Florida, U.S.A. (Local address: c/o R. S. Fountain, Esq., 309, Prince's Building, H.K.) c/o Messrs. Scott & English Ltd., P. O. Box 1555, H.K. Asia Magazine, 31 Queen's Road, C., H.K. 2, Queen's Road, Central, Hong Kong. Flat 12, Tjibatoe, 9 Plunketts Rd., H.K. Dina House, Duddell St., Hong Kong. c/o American Consulate-General, Garden Rd., H.K. Dept. of Botany, H.K. University, H.K. Hong Kong University. Education Department, Battery Path, H.K. STRICKLAND, Mr. P. G. c/o Caldbeck Macgregor & Co., Ltd. H.K. SWIRE, A. C. TALBOT, Henry D. TANG, Shiu-kin, C.B.E. THOMAS, Louis F. THOMPSON, R. W. TOPLEY, Dr. Marjorie TREGEAR, Miss Mary TRISTRAM, M. P. W. TSEUNG, Dr. F. I. TURNER, The Hon. Sir Michael VETCH, Henri VETCH, Mrs. Henri VIO, Dr. Eric George VISICK, Mrs. Mary WALDEN, J. C. C. WARD, William L. WATSON, K. A. WEI, Dr. Tat, M. A. · c/o Butterfield & Swire, Union House, H.K. Dept. of Geography, H.K. University, H.K. 505, Pedder Building, Hong Kong. 8, King's Park Flats, Kowloon. Dept. of Modern Languages, H.K. University, H.K. 6, Peak Mansions, Hong Kong. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford University, Oxford, U.K. Rating & Valuation Dept., Man Yee Bldg., 9/F., H.K. China Building, 4th floor, Hong Kong. Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corpn., London. H.K.U. Press. H.K.U. Press. 315, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Building, H.K. Dept. of English, H.K.U. c/o Commerce & Industry Dept. Fire Brigade Bldg., H.K. Apt. 3, 7 Magazine Gap Road, Hong Kong. c/o Lammert Bros., Pedder Building, H.K. H.K. Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Queen's Rd., E., H.K. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1963 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/4m90m091v 157 PELZEL, J. C. PENNELL, W. V. - PERESYPKIN, O. P. FICCIOTTO, Mrs. J. R. - PIRIE, J. - POLAND, T. D. POLDY, Mrs. K. PORDES, F. PRATT, M. S. - = PRESCOTT, Jon A. RAE-SMITH, W. B. RASSIM, Mrs. E. RATH, F. C. RICHARDS, G. RIDE, Sir L. T. RIDE, Lady* - · ROBINSON, F. C., M.B.E. ROFE, F. H. ROOKE, Miss B. E. ROSS, G. W. RUTTONJEE, Hon. D. RUTTONJEE, Mrs. D. RYAN, The Rev. Fr. T. F., S.J. RYDINGS, H. A. · SARGENT, Dr. G. E. SAUNDERS, J. A. H. SCHOYER, B. P. + Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, 38, Mass., U.S.A. c/o S.C.M.P., Wyndham Street, H.K. 22-A, Kennedy Road, Flat 3, H.K. 46, Stubbs Road, H.K. P. O. Box 117, H.K. C.A.S. Headquarters. 39, Gloucester Road, 2/F., H.K. 37, Macdonnell Road, H.K. 209, Gloucester Building, H.K. U.S. Consulate-General, 26 Garden Road, H.K. Room 434 Alexandra House, H.K. c/o Messrs. Butterfield & Swire, Union House, H.K. c/o Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corpn., H.K. Muller and Phipps (China) Ltd., P. O. Box 25, H.K. The British Council, Room 132, Gloucester Building, H.K. The Lodge, 1 University Drive, H.K. The Lodge, 1 University Drive, H.K. The British Council, Rm. 132, Gloucester Building, H.K. 5 Tai Hang Road, H.K. 3-B, 3 University Drive, H.K. Flat 1, 94-C Pokfulum Road, H.K. 2. Conduit Road, H.K. 2, Conduit Road, H.K. Wah Yan College, 281, Queen's Road, East, H.K. The University Library, Pokfulum, H.K. 3815 Nail Court, South Bend 14, Indiana, U.S.A. Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corpn., H.K. New Asia College, 6, Farm Road, Kowloon * Life Member Please notify the Hon Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1964 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/qz20zx09r 166 RATH, F. C. REID, A. R. RICHARDS, G. RIDE, Lady L. T.* RIDE, Sir L. T.* ROBINSON, F. C. + ROOKE, Miss B. E. ROSS, Cdr. R. D. ROTHE, U.* ROY, Dr. A. + RUDGE, Mrs. A. K. RUMJAHN, S. M. + RUTTONJEE, Mrs. A. RUTTONJEE, Hon. D. RYAN, The Rev. Father T. F. RYDINGS, H. A. SAUNDERS, J. A. H. SCHOYER, B. P. SCHWARZ, Miss M. D.* SCOTT, A. C. SCOTT, J. M. SELLERS, D. SELLETT, G.* SHEKURY, Miss E. SHEPHARD, A. J. SHU, Dr. H. T. SHUI, Chien-tung H + Muller & Phipps (China) Ltd., P.O. Box 25, H.K. P.O. Box 479, H.K. 19, Douglas Apts., Old Peak Road, H.K. The Lodge, 1 University Drive, H.K. As above. c/o The British Council, Gloucester Building, H.K. 3-B, 3 University Drive, H.K. H.M.S. Tamar, H.K. c/o Deutsch-Asiatische Bank, Postfach 944, 2 Hamburg 1, Germany. Chung Chi College, Ma Liu Shui, New Territories. 2 Macdonnell Road, H.K. P.O. Box 448, H.K. 2 Conduit Road, H.K. As above. Wah Yan College, 281, Queen's Road, East, H.K. H.K. University Library, H.K. c/o H.K. & Shanghai Banking Corpn., H.K. New Asia College, 6 Farm Road, Kowloon. 1 Clovelly Court, 12 May Road, H.K. Univ. of Wisconsin, Dept. of Speech, 2201 Univ. Ave., Madison 6, Wisconsin, U.S.A. c/o H.K. Exchange Control, Fung House, H.K. c/o Labour Department, 22 Ice House Street, H.K. "Pinecrest", N.K.I.L. 3543 Tai Po Road, Kowloon. 14 Braga Circuit, Kowloon. c/o Colonial Secretariat, Lower Albert Road, H.K. 70 Mt. Davis Road, Ground floor, H.K. Tsing Hua College, 263 Prince Edward Road, Kowloon. Life Member Please notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1965 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/s752cj653 127 ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY HONG KONG BRANCH List of Members on the 31st May, 1965 Patron: His Excellency Sir David Trench, K.C.M.G., M.C. Honorary Members: Sir Robert Black, G.C.M.G., O.B.E.* J. L. Cranmer-Byng, M.C., M.A.* Dept. of History, University of Toronto, Sidney Smith Hall, Toronto 5, Canada. Members: ABRAHAM, R. D.* ADDIS, Mrs. Diana - 41, Island Road, Deep Water Bay, H.K. ADDIS, W. S. - Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corp., H.K. AIDE-DE-CAMP, The AKERS-JONES, D. - Government House, Garden Road, H.K. ARMERDING, L. E.* - c/o District Office, Yuen Long, N.T. BADAMS, P. W. M. - 426 La Grande Avenue, Fanwood, New Jersey, U.S.A. BAHR, Mrs. Kay BAKER, Mrs. Ann BAKER, W. E. BARD, Dr. S. M. - c/o H.K. & Shanghai Bank, H.K. (Trustee) Ltd. Shell House, 6th floor, H.K. BARNETT, K. M. A. - 4, Abermor Court, May Road, H.K. BARON, D. W. B. - 23, Coombe Road, H.K. BARR, Miss E. - c/o The H.K. Electric Co., Ltd. BARR, J. S. - P. O. Box 915, H.K. BARRY, Comdr. R. S. - Hong Kong University, Pokfulum, H.K. BASHALL, Mrs. C. G. - P. O. Box 248, H.K. BASTO, G. de - 30 Severn Road, H.K. BASTICK, Capt. W. G. - 78 Robinson Road, H.K. BENANZIO, Dr. M. - Chung Chi College, Ma Liu Shui, N.T. * Life Member Please notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1965 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/s752cj653 129 BROWNE, H. J. C. BRUUN, F. BRYAN, Mrs. F. L. - BUCKNELL, P. BURKHARDT, Col. V. R. BUTT, Dr. Nancy S. G. BUTTON, Miss J. V. - BUXEY, Miss M. J. BYRNE, D. J. CALCINA, P. G.* CAMERON, N. CAPLAN, M. CAREY-HUGHES, Dr. J. CASHMORE, Miss M. CATER, J. CHAN, Gilbert Fook-fam CHAN, Dr. H. C. - CHAN, Leonard CHAN, William Hok-Lam CHAPMAN, Dr. G. W. - CHAU, Hon. Sir Tsun-nin CHEN, Prof. Cheng-siang CHEN, Yih CHENG, Dr. Irene - CHENG, T. C. CHESTERMAN, Prof. W. D. c/o Butterfield & Swire, Union House, H.K. 908 Takshing House, H.K. 3-F Robinson Road, 10th floor, H.K. 86, Main Street, Stanley, H.K. The Grantham Hospital, Wong Chuk Hang, Aberdeen, H.K. c/o Physiotherapy Dept., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon. Flat 201 Sisters' Qtrs., King's Park House, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon. 11, Cambridge Road, Kowloon, Commercial Investment Co., Ltd., Union House, 12th floor, H.K. A-9 Repulse Bay Towers, Repulse Bay Road, H.K. 6, Homantin Hill Road, Kowloon, Room 315 Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank Building, H.K. 9A, Cameron House, 40 Magazine Gap Road, H.K. 3 Peak Pavilions, Mt. Kellett Road, H.K. La Belle Mansion, 118-120 Argyle Street, 7th floor, Flat A, Kowloon. 5 Shan Kwong Road, Happy Valley, H.K. c/o Pfizer Corporation, G.P.O. Box 323, H.K. 3327 Graduate College, Princeton University, Princeton, N.Y., U.S.A. c/o The Nethersole Hospital, Bonham Rd., H.K. 8 Queen's Road, West, Hong Kong. Dept. of Geography, United College, 9 Bonham Road, H.K. 406A Bank of East Asia Building, H.K. c/o Confucian Tai Shing School, N.K.I.L. No. 4405, San Po Kong, Kowloon. United College, Bonham Road, H.K. 4, University Path, Pokfulum, H.K. Life Member Please notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1965 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/s752cj653 PORDES, Mrs. A. PORDES, F. - PRESCOTT, J. A. - RASSIM, Mrs. E. RAYNE, R. N. REID, A. R. RICHARDS, G. RIDE, Sir L. T.* RIDE, Lady L. T.* ROBINSON, F. C. - ROE, Capt. J. S. ROOKE, Miss B. E. - ROSS, Cdr. R. D. ROTHE, U.* ROY, Dr. A. + RUDGE, Mrs. A. K. - RUMJAHN, S. M. - RUTTONJEE, Mrs. A. · - 139 9 Branksome Towers, May Road, H.K. Room 209, Gloucester Building, H.K. West Penthouse, 11 Conduit Road, H.K. Chung Chi College, Ma Liu Shui, N.T. P. O. Box 479, H.K. The British Council, 166 Avenue Louise, Brussels, Belgium. New Haven, Taipo Kau, N.T. As above. c/o The British Council, Gloucester Building, H.K. c/o Caldbeck Macgregor & Co., Ltd., Union House, Hong Kong. 3-B, 3 University Drive, H.K. Cromarty Cottage, St. Catherine's Row, Hayling Island, Hants, England. Ernst-Albers-Str. 2, 2 Hamburg-Wandsbek, Germany. Chung Chi College, Ma Liu Shui, New Territories. 2 Macdonnell Road, H.K. P. O. Box 448, H.K. 2 Conduit Road, H.K. RUTTONJEE, The Hon. D. As above. RYAN, The Rev. Father T. F. - RYDINGS, H. A. SAUNDERS, I. A. H. - SCHALLER, Miss K. - - SCHOYER, B. P. SCHWARZ, Miss M. D.* SCOTT, A. C. SCOTT, J. M. SELLERS, D. + + Wah Yan College, 281, Queen's Road, East, H.K. H.K. University Library, H.K. c/o H.K. & Shanghai Banking Corpn., H.K. Diocesan Girls' School, Jordan Road, Kowloon. New Asia College, 6 Farm Road, Kowloon. 746 West Main Street, Apt., 110 Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corp., H.K. c/o Dept. of Commerce & Industry, Fire Brigade Building, H.K. * Life Member Please notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1966 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/bz60k0811 THE HONG KONG BRANCH OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY Patron: H.E. Sir David Trench, K.C.M.G., M.C. Governor of Hong Kong THE COUNCIL, 1966: President: J. R. Jones, C.B.E., M.C., M.A., LL.D., J.P. Vice-Presidents: The Hon. Sir Tsun-nin Chau, C.B.E., M.A., LL.D., J.P. R. E. Lawry, O.B.E., M.A. Hon. Secretary: E. O. Michaeliones Hon. Treasurer: W. S. Addis Hon. Editor: S. Uhalley, Jr., M.A.* Hon. Librarian: H. A. Rydings, M.B.E., M.A., A.L.A. Councillors: K. E. Robinson, M.A., F.R.HIST.S. Marjorie Topley, PH.D.* N. du Breuil* J. S. Lee Ma Meng, B.A.* * Member of Editorial Committee ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1966 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/bz60k0811 May 24 June 21 September 27 October 25 November 22 Professor C. D. Cowan A Chronicler of Traditional Malay Society: the unpublished journals of Sir Frank Swettenham 1874-76 Colour Films "Mekong" (by courtesy of Shell Company of Hong Kong Ltd.) "Mount Kinabalu" (North Borneo) (by courtesy of the British Council) Mr. leuan Hughes LL Recent Visit to China Dr. J. R. Jones ++ W Giuseppe Castiglione (1688-1766) Italian Artist and Architect in the Court of Ch'ien-lung Sir Lindsay Ride An Introduction to Macau" December 5 Macau Tour The Journal continues to maintain its high standard both of interest and scholarship. Our thanks are due to Mr. Uhalley and his Editorial Board for their good work in bringing out Volume V after it had been delayed owing to the editorial changes last year. Volume VI is well under way and may be expected by the autumn. Our library continues to grow. Mr. F. A. Nixon was generous again and presented two rare and valuable books, and soon we shall have the books for which The Asia Foundation made a grant of $2,850 last year. It is unfortunate that we do not yet have a room of our own in which we can house our accumulation of books and where they can be consulted and studied. Our library is at present housed in the Hong Kong University in the care of our Hon. Librarian Mr. H. A. Rydings. During the last six years the Council has undergone few changes. Last year we lost Dr. W. C. G. Knowles who with Mrs. Knowles had been one of the Society's firmest and most loyal supporters from the outset. When he retired last July his place on the Council was filled by Mr. Kenneth W. Robinson who ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1966 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/bz60k0811 172 ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY HONG KONG BRANCH List of Members Patron: His Excellency Sir David Trench, K.C.M.G., M.C. Honorary Members: Sir Robert Black, G.C.M.G., O.B.E.* 183 Oakwood Court, London, W.14, London J. L. Cranmer-Byng, M.C., M.A.* 190, Glengrove Avenue, W., Toronto 12, Canada, Members: ABRAHAM, R. D.* ADDIS, Mrs. Diana ADDIS, W. S. AIDE-DE-CAMP, The AKERS-JONES, D. ARMERDING, L. E.* ASERAPPA, Mrs. J. P. BADAMS, P. W. M. BAKER, Mrs. F. H. BAKER, H. D. R. BAKER, W. E. BARD, Dr. S. M. BARNETT, K. M. A. BARR, Miss E. BARR, John S. BARRY, Comdr. R. S. BASHALL, Mrs. C. G. BASTO, G. de L. BENANZIO, Dr. Mario 41, Island Road, Deep Water Bay, H.K. Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corp., H.K. As above. Government House, Garden Road, H.K. c/o District Office, Yuen Long, N.T. 426 La Grande Avenue, Fanwood, New Jersey, U.S.A. 7 Peak Pavilions, 12 Mt. Kellett Road, H.K. c/o H.K. & Shanghai Bank, H.K. (Trustee) Ltd. Shell House, 6th floor, H.K. U.S. Consulate General, Garden Road, H.K. "Satis House", 9 Chase Gardens, Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex, England. c/o The H.K. Electric Co., Ltd. P. O. Box 915, H.K. Hong Kong University, Pokfulum, H.K. P. O. Box 248, H.K. 78 Robinson Road, H.K. 11 Queen's Road, Scone by Perth, Scotland. c/o The Hong Kong Club, H.K. c/o H.M. Prison, Stanley, H.K. 5 Middle Gap Road, The Peak, H.K. c/o Luen Cheong Hong Ltd., Room 201 Chartered Bank Building, H.K. * Life Member Please notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1966 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/bz60k0811 184 PORDES, Mrs. A. · PORDES, F. - PRESCOTT, J. A. - RAINBIRD, S. W. O'C. RASSIM, Mrs. Eleanor RAYNE, R. N. REES, William REID, A. R.. + RICHARDS, G. A RIDE, Sir L. T.* RIDE, Lady L. T.* RIGBY, Lady ROBINSON, F. C. ROBINSON, Prof. K. E. ROE, Capt. J. S.- ROOKE, Miss B. E. ROTHE, U.* ROY, Dr. A. · RUDGE, Mrs. A. K. · RUMJAHN, S. M. RUST, H. A. - 9 Branksome Towers, May Road, H.K. Room 209, Gloucester Building, H.K. West Penthouse, 11 Conduit Road, H.K. c/o Colonial Secretariat, Lower Albert Road, H.K. 101 Holland Road, Hove 2, Sussex, England. Chung Chi College, Ma Liu Shui, N.T. 67 Mount Nicholson Gap, H.K. P. O. Box 479, H.K. 58 Avenue Montjoie, Uccle, Brussels 18, Belgium. New Haven, Taipo Kau, N.T. As above. 50 Magazine Gap Road, H.K. University of Hong Kong, Pokfulum, H.K. c/o Caldbeck Macgregor & Co., Ltd., Union House, Hong Kong. 3-B. 3 University Drive, H.K. Ernst-Albers-Str. 2, 2 Hamburg-Wandsbek, Germany. Chung Chi College, Ma Liu Shui, New Territories. 2 Macdonnell Road, H.K. ■ P. O. Box 448, H.K. -Palmer & Turner, Prince's Building, 19th Floor, H.K. RUTTONJEE, The Hon. D. 2 Conduit Road, H.K. RYAN. The Rev. Father T. F. - RYDINGS, H. A. - SAILER, Mrs. Elsbeth L. SAUNDERS, J. A. H. SCHALLER, Miss K. SCHOYER. B. P. L · - - Wah Yan College. 281, Queen's Road, East, H.K. H.K. University Library, H.K. Apt. A-6, Estoril Court, Garden Road, H.K. c/o H.K. & Shanghai Banking Corp., H.K. Diocesan Girls' School, Jordan Road, Kowloon. New Asia College, 6 Farm Road, Kowloon. * Life Member Please notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1967 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/0c488p70g The Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Patron: H.E. Sir David Trench, K.C.M.G., M.C. Governor of Hong Kong The Council, 1967: President: J. R. Jones, C.B.E., M.C., M.A., LL.D., J.P. Vice-Presidents: Marjorie Topley, B.Sc.(Econ.), Ph.D.* K. E. Robinson, M.A., F.R.Hist.S., J.P. Hon. Secretary: Miss E. O. Michaeliones, succeeded by T. H. Thomas, B.A. assisted by Mrs. K. R. Hunter, M.A. Hon. Treasurer: G. W. Lanchester, B.A., succeeded by D. S. Gilkes, M.A., C.A. J. S. Lee Hon. Editor: J. W. Hayes, M.A., J.P. Hon. Librarian: H. A. Rydings, M.B.E., M.A., A.L.A. Ma Meng, M.B.E., B.A.* Councillors: H. T. Wu, M.A., J.P. R. Bruce, O.B.E., M.A. M. S. Cumming, O.B.E., J.P. * Editorial Consultants ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1967 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/0c488p70g 189 ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY SOC HONG KONG BRANCH List of Members Patron: His Excellency Sir David Trench, K.C.M.G., M.C. Honorary Members: Sir Robert Black, G.C.M.G., O.B.E.* 183 Oakwood Court, London, W.14, England Canada, J. L. Cranmer-Byng, M.C., M.A.* 190, Glengrove Avenue, W., Toronto 12. LAWRY, R. E., O.B.E. F.R.G.S.* 36, Newton Road, Cambridge, England. Members: ABRAHAM, R. D.* ADDIS, W. S. AIDE-DE-CAMP, The ALLEYNE, Mrs. E. L. ARTHUR, H. R. ARMERDING, L. E.* ASERAPPA, Mrs. J. P. BADAMS, P. W. M. BAKER, Mrs. F. H. BAKER, Dr. H. D. R. BAKER, W. E. BARD, Dr. S. M. BARNETT, K. M. A. BARR, Miss E. BARRY, Comdr. R. S. Bashall, Mrs. C. G. BASTO, G. de BENANZIO, Dr. Mario 41, Island Road, Deep Water Bay, H.K. Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corp., H.K. Government House, Garden Road, H.K. University of Hong Kong, Pokfulum, H.K. Dept. of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulum, H.K. 426 La Grande Avenue, Fanwood, New Jersey, U.S.A. 7 Peak Pavilions, 12 Mt. Kellett Road, H.K. c/o H.K. & Shanghai Bank, H.K. (Trustee) Ltd. Shell House, 6th floor, H.K. U.S. Consulate General, Garden Road, H.K. c/o School of Oriental and African Studies, London, England. c/o The H.K. Electric Co., Ltd. P. O. Box 915, H.K. Hong Kong University, Pokfulum. H.K. P. O. Box 248, H.K. 78 Robinson Road, H.K. c/o The Hong Kong Club, H.K. c/o H.M. Prison, Stanley, H.K. 5 Middle Gap Road, The Peak, H.K. 189 Ampang Road, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Life Member Please notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1967 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/0c488p70g 201 PRESCOTT, J. A. RAINBIRD, S. W. O'C. REDFERN, O'Donnell S. REES, William RIDE, Sir L. T.* RIDE, Lady L. T.* RIGBY, Lady West Penthouse, 11 Conduit Road, H.K. Training Unit, H.K.R.N.R. Building, Gloucester Road, H.K. 101 Holland Road, Hove 2, Sussex, England. Chung Chi College, Ma Liu Shui, N.T. 101 Tregunter Mansions, Old Peak Road, H.K. 67 Mount Nicholson Gap, H.K. New Haven, Taipo Kau, N.T. As above. 50 Magazine Gap Road, H.K. ROBERTSON, Prof. Jean M. ROBERTSON, Dr. M. J. ROBERTSON, Mrs. W. G. ROBINSON, F. C. ROBINSON, Prof. Kenneth E.* ROE, Capt. J. S. ROGERS, Rev. D. L. ROSEMANN, Mrs. F. I. ROTHE, U.* ROY, Dr. A. RUMJAHN, S. M. RUST, H. A. Dept. of Social Studies, The University, Pokfulum, H.K. Flat I, 4 Caldecott Road, Taipo Road, Kowloon, Park Mansions, 4 Mile Taipo Road, 1st fl., Kowloon, - - University of Hong Kong, Pokfulum, H.K. c/o Caldbeck Macgregor & Co., Ltd., Union House, Hong Kong. Union Church, Kennedy Road, H.K. 204, Ridley House, 2 Upper Albert Road, H.K. Ernst-Albers-Str. 2, 2 Hamburg-Wandsbek, Germany. Chung Chi College, Ma Liu Shui, New Territories. P. O. Box 448, H.K. -Palmer & Turner, Prince's Building, 19th Floor, H.K. RUTTONJEE, The Hon. D. RYAN, The Rev. Father T. F. RYDINGS, H. A. SAUNDERS, J. A. H. SCHALLER, Miss K. SCHOYER, B. P. 2 Conduit Road, H.K. Wah Yan College, 281, Queen's Road, East, H.K. H.K. University Library, M.K. c/o H.K. & Shanghai Banking Corpn., H.K. Diocesan Girls' School, Jordan Road, Kowloon. 37, Northbridge Road, Greenwich, Connecticut, 06870, U.S.A. * Life Member Please notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1968 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/66833948d J. S. Lee THE HONG KONG BRANCH OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY Patron: H.E. Sir David Trench, K.C.M.G., M.C. Governor of Hong Kong The Council, 1968: President: J. R. Jones, C.B.E., M.C., M.A., LL.D., J.P. Vice-Presidents: Marjorie Topley, B.Sc.(Econ.), Ph.D.* K. E. Robinson, M.A., F.R.Hist.S., J.P. Hon. Secretary: T. H. Thomas, B.A. Hon. Treasurer: D. A. Gilkes, M.A., C.A. Hon. Editor: J. W. Hayes, M.A., J.P. Hon. Librarian: H. A. Rydings, M.B.E., M.A., A.L.A. Ma Meng, M.B.E., B.A.* H. T. Wu, M.A., J.P. Councillors: R. Bruce, O.B.E., M.A. (left Hong Kong on retirement in March) M. S. Cumming, O.B.E., J.P. * Editorial Consultants ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1968 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/66833948d 200 ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY HONG KONG BRANCH List of Members Patron: His Excellency Sir David Trench, K.C.M.G., M.C. Honorary Members: Sir Robert Black, G.C.M.G., O.B.E.* 183 Oakwood Court, London, W.14, England. Prof. J. L. Cranmer-Byng, M.C., M.A.* 190, Glengrove Avenue, W., Toronto 12, Canada. Lawry, R. E., O.B.E., F.R.G.S.* 36, Newton Road, Cambridge, England. Members: ABRAHAM, R. D.* 41, Island Road, Deep Water Bay, H.K. ADDIS, W. T. Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corp., H.K. AKERS-JONES, D. c/o New Territories Administration, North Kowloon Magistracy, Kowloon. ALLEYNE, Mrs. E. L. The Registry, University of Hong Kong, H.K. ARMERDING, L. E.* 426 La Grande Avenue, Fanwood, New Jersey, U.S.A. ARTHUR, H. R. Dept. of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, H.K. ASERAPPA, Mrs. J. P. 7 Peak Pavilions, 12 Mt. Kellett Road, H.K. BADAMS, P. W. M. c/o H.K. & Shanghai Bank, H.K. (Trustee) Ltd. BAKER, Mrs. F. H. Shell House, 6th floor, H.K. BAKER, Dr. H. D. R. U.S. Consulate General, Garden Road, H.K. BAKER, W. E. c/o School of Oriental and African Studies, London, England. BALL, J. M.* c/o The H.K. Electric Co., Ltd. BARD, Dr. S. M. P. O. Box 915, H.K. BARNETT, K. M. A. c/o H. K. Refrigerating Co., Ltd. P. O. Box 291, H.K. BARR, Miss Elizabeth University Health Service, University of Hong Kong, H.K. BARRY, Comdr. R. S. P. O. Box 248, H.K. BASHALL, Mrs. C. G. 80 Robinson Road, H.K. 1 Life Member Please notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1968 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/66833948d 213 PIKE, E. N. PLAG, Rev. A. - POLAND, T, D. POLDY, Mrs. K, PORDES, F. POST, Miss Elizabeth M. PRESCOTT, Jon RAINBIRD, S. W. - RASSIM, Mrs. Eleanor RATH, Mrs. R. H. RAYNE, R. N. = REDFERN, O'Donnell S. REES, William RIDE, Sir Lindsay* - RIDE, Lady*. RIGBY, Lady - + - The Asia Foundation, 2 Old Peak Road, H.K. Shouson Villa, Flat B, G/F, 16 Shouson Hill Road, H.K. C-24 Estoril Court, Garden Road, H.K. 37, Macdonnell Road, H.K. Room 209, Gloucester Building, H.K. U.S. Consulate General, 26 Garden Road, H.K. West Penthouse, 11 Conduit Road, H.K. Secretariat Training Unit, Lee Gardens, Hysan Avenue, H.K. 101 Holland Road, Hove 2, Sussex, England. 79 Deep Water Bay Road, H.K. Chung Chi College, Ma Liu Shui, N.T. 101 Tregunter Mansions, Old Peak Road, H.K. 67 Mount Nicholson Gap, H.K. 8A Beach Road, Stanley, H.K. As above. 50 Magazine Gap Road, H.K. ROBERTSON, Prof. Jean M. Dept. of Social Studies, The University, ROBERTSON, Dr. M. J. = Pokfulum, H.K. Medical & Health Dept., Lee Gardens, Hysan Avenue, H.K. ROBERTSON, Mrs. W. G. Park Mansions, 4 Mile Taipo Road, 1st fl., Kowloon. ROBINSON, Prof. Kenneth E.* ROE, Capt. J. S. ROGERS, Rev, D. L. - ROSEMANN, Mrs. F. I. ROTHE, U.” ROY, Dr. A. - RUMJAHN, S. M. · RUST, H. A. - - - + • RUTTONJEE, Hon. D. - + University of Hong Kong, Pokfulum, H.K c/o Caldbeck Macgregor & Co., Ltd., Union House, Hong Kong. Union Church, Kennedy Road, H.K. c/o Neckermann Versand Ltd., P. O. Box K-45, H.K. Ernst-Albers-Str. 2, 2 Hamburg-Wandsbek, Germany. Chung Chi College, Ma Liu Shui, New Territories. P. O. Box 448, H.K. Palmer & Turner, Prince's Building, 19th Floor, H.K. 2-E Wongneichong Gap Road, Flat 7, H.K, * Life Member Please notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1969 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/9g553n20d 183 ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY HONG KONG BRANCH List of Members Patron: His Excellency Sir David Trench, K.C.M.G., M.C. Honorary Members: Sir Robert Black, G.C.M.G., O.B.E.* 183 Oakwood Court, London, W.14, England. Prof. J. L. Cranmer-Byng, M.C., M.A.* 190, Glengrove Avenue, W., Toronto 12, Canada. R. E. Lawry, O.B.E., F.R.G.S.* 36, Newton Road, Cambridge, England. Dr. Marjorie Topley, B.Sc. Econ., Ph.D.* 19, Peak Mansions, The Peak, H.K. Members: AKERS-JONES, D. c/o Colonial Secretariat, Lower Albert Road, H.K. ALLEYNE, Mrs. E. L. University of Hong Kong, Pokfulum, H.K. ARMERDING, L. E.* P.O. Box 4333, North Point, H.K. ASERAPPA, Mrs. J. P. 6 Lloyd Path, Severn Road, H.K. AU, K. N. c/o Grantham College of Education, Gascoigne Road, Kowloon. Bachman, Miss Ann H. c/o American Consulate General, 26 Garden Road, H.K. BAKER, Dr. H. D. R. c/o School of Oriental and African Studies, London, W.C.1, England. BAKER, W. E.* c/o The Hongkong Electric Co., Ltd. 40, St. Mary Axe, London, E.C.3. England. BALL, J. M. c/o H. K. Refrigerating Co., Ltd. P. O. Box 291, H.K. BARD, Dr. S. M. University Health Service, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulum, H.K. BARNETT, K. M. A. P. O. Box 248, H.K. BARR, Miss E. 80 Robinson Road, H.K. BARRY, Cmdr. R. S. Hong Kong Club, H.K. BASHALL, Mrs. C. G. c/o H.M. Prison, Stanley, H.K. BEDLINGTON, Mrs. M. 1, Albion Terrace, Kowloon Docks, Hunghom, Kowloon. * Life Member Please notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1969 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/9g553n20d 196 RIDE, Sir Lindsay* RIDE, Lady* RIGBY, Lady 8A Beach Road, Stanley, H.K. As above. 50 Magazine Gap Road, H.K. ROBERTSON, Prof. Jean M. Dept. of Social Studies, University of Hong Kong, H.K. ROBERTSON, Dr. M. J. Institute of Pathology, Kowloon Hospital, Kowloon, ROBERTSON, Mrs. W. G. Park Mansions, 4 Mile Taipo Road, 1st fl., N.T. ROBINSON, Prof. K. E.* University of Hong Kong, Pokfulum, H.K. ROE, Capt. J. S. c/o Caldbeck Macgregor & Co., Ltd., P.O. Box 350, H.K. ROGERS, Rev. D. L. Union Church, Kennedy Road, H.K. ROSEMANN, Mrs. F. I. c/o Neckermann Versand Ltd., P. O. Box K-45, H.K. ROTHE, U.* Ernst-Albers-Str. 2, 2 Hamburg-Wandsbek, Germany. ROY, Dr. A. Chung Chi College, C.U.H.K., Shatin, N.T. RUMJAHN, S. M. P. O. Box 448, H.K. RUST, H. A. Palmer & Turner, Prince's Building, 19th Floor, H.K. RUTTONJEE, Hon. D. 2-E Wongneichong Gap Road, Flat 7, H.K. RYAN, Rev. Father T. F. Wah Yan College, 281, Queen's Road, East, H.K. RYDINGS, H. A. The Library, University of Hong Kong, H.K. SAUNDERS, Hon. L A H HK. & Shanghai Banking Corpn. P.O. Box 64, H.K. SCHNEIDER, H. c/o Jebsen & Co., P.O. Box 97, H.K. SCHWARZ, Miss M. D.* c/o Mrs. R. L. Smyth, 1635 Green Street, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. SCOTT, A. C. Asian Theatre Program, University of Wisconsin, USA. SCOTT, J. M. c/o H.K. & Shanghai Banking Corpn., P.O. Box 64, H.K. SELLETT, G.* "Pinecrest", N.K.I.L. 3543 Tai Po Road, Kowloon. SERSALE, Miss S. M. 11-A, Cameron House, 40 Magazine Gap Road, H.K. * Life Member Please notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1970 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/ww72j0241 HONG KONG CADETS, 1862 - 1941 37 and those on leave, in order to discover, at any moment in time, the actual number of cadets administering the affairs of the colony. However, they formed an administrative corps d'élite: a minuscule band of officials with the same values and from the same social background. They were always in short supply: but in time they changed the style of government in 19th century Hong Kong and routinised its operations. The object of this paper is to examine some changes brought about by the introduction of Sir Hercules Robinson's cadet scheme in 1861,3 and to explore the lives of a few expatriate officials, those who formed the apex of a colonial society with its complicated gradations of race, caste, class, occupation and office. Such a research task is not a supererogatory one: Sir Ralph Furse, Director of Recruitment, Colonial Service 1931 - 48, affirms that 'in most colonies the Civil Servant is the Government, and not the servant of Government'24 Sir Ralph's obiter dictum is particularly applicable to Hong Kong in the late nineteenth century. At that time it was a small territory with a population squeezed into a few urban enclaves, where everyone lived cheek by jowl and officials were highly visible and often met in the street. In such a constricted society the quirks of an official, given the system of government, often influenced important administrative decisions, over which the general public could exercise little control. The inclusion of the New Territories in 1899 within the administrative framework of Hong Kong did not substantially alter these facts of life; for a long time, certainly until the re-establishment of British rule in 1945, the New Territories remained curiously peripheral to the older, established areas of Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon peninsula. The cadet scheme instituted by Sir Hercules Robinson, Governor of Hong Kong from 1859 - 1865, grew out of a pressing need for correct interpretation and translation in government, especially in the courts. For the first twenty years of its existence, the Colony had very few officials apart from the notorious and devious D. R. Caldwell (at one time General Interpreter to the Government and Registrar-General) who had adequate command of Cantonese and were able to communicate with the mass of the immigrant Chinese population, most of whom were Punti and Hakka. The actions of government were stultified by the ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1970 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/ww72j0241 46 H. J. LETHBRIDGE any interpretation that may be going on'.42 On the other hand, the scarcity of cadets in government caused serious problems at the end of the century. No scheme of localisation, except at the clerical level, had been promoted in Hong Kong; and although Government had been forced, as a result of Sir William Robinson's Retrenchment Committee of 1894, to abolish the post of Clerk of the Councils, one Magistrate and the Superintendent of the Jail, and amalgamate the posts of the Colonial Secretary and the Registrar-General, the number of cadets was still far too small for the efficient administration of even a municipality. Alleyne Ireland, after a visit to Hong Kong at the turn of the century, argued that there was a need for more cadets, and reported that 'no one who has spent four months, as I recently did, in the Colony could fail to be impressed, as I was, with the fact that in the service as well as in the junior ranks of the service there are a few men of the highest ability and usefulness, nor could he fail to notice that such men were few and not many'.43 The reports of the Finance Committee for 1901 showed, moreover, that the attendance included an Acting Attorney-General, an Acting Colonial Treasurer, and an Acting Director of Works. The service of the colony, Ireland adduced, 'has suffered greatly from the evil of acting appointments, and a system should be introduced under which it would not be necessary to transfer so many officials from one department to another whenever a senior official goes on leave'.44 He also pointed out the inadequate size of the Government offices, and 'the employment of a large number of junior clerks, Chinese and Portuguese, at salaries little better than those paid to day labourers'. Ireland, however, did not mention that the incorporation of the New Territories had led to a drain of officials from Hong Kong. A concatenation of these processes of retrenchment, scarcity of cadets, acting appointments, and ill-paid clerical staff led to a major government scandal which brought to an end in 1895 the career of one cadet, N.G. Mitchell-Innes,45 who had joined the service in 1881, and this scandal led not only to a commission of inquiry but a rebuke from the Secretary of State. Mitchell-Innes' troubles began when Alfred Lister was appointed Treasurer in 1888. Lister, who was also Postmaster General, served for the first six months of the year, but was ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1970 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/ww72j0241 HONG KONG CADETS, 1862 - 1941 47 relieved by H. E. Wodehouse until January 1890, resuming duties until June, when Wodehouse again acted until the end of the year. Mitchell-Innes was then appointed Treasurer on January 1, 1891, and in 1893 defalcations were discovered in the Treasury. During Mitchell-Innes' term of office, F. H. May acted for him during a six months' leave of absence. Throughout this period 1888-1892, one Alves, first Clerk in the Treasury, had been systematically embezzling crown rents paid to him as shroff for the Department. Alves was sentenced to six years imprisonment with hard labour. It seems that he had been, like many others, caught up in a tide of building speculation, and had lost most of the stolen money, amounting to $67,817, a large sum in those days.46 The fact that the defalcations occurred in the Treasury and went unnoticed by several heads of department - Lister, Wodehouse, May and Mitchell-Innes - caused a great stir in Government and in the Colony. Lister had died in 1890, and before he died he had been given a bond of $10,000 for the faithful discharge of his duties, so that only Wodehouse, May and Mitchell-Innes were called upon by Sir William Robinson, the Governor, to show cause why they should not be held pecuniarily responsible for the sums embezzled by Alves. Each of the officials replied in his own way and attempted, naturally, to exculpate himself. The Governor mildly censured Wodehouse and May but concluded that Mitchell-Innes had continuously neglected the duties of his office, especially as his was a substantive post but theirs had been merely acting posts in addition to their regular duties in other departments. A confidential despatch was sent to the Secretary of State, the Marquis of Ripon, setting out the facts of the case. Ripon replied that 'the officer to whom the heaviest amount of blame must be attributed is unquestionably Mr. Mitchell-Innes, and I regret to observe that he has not improved his position by the tone and temper of his defence'. Ripon concluded: 'I must mark my sense of his shortcomings, by directing that, as a condition of his remaining in the public service, he be required to pay into the Colonial Treasury a fine of $1,000... and that as he has not justified his selection for the headship of a department in Hong Kong, it will be necessary for me to arrange, if possible, his transfer to another Colony. But such transfer will not mean a promotion, but I trust that... ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1970 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/ww72j0241 222 GUILLAUME, Baron P. de HADDOW, Dr. I. F. G.. HAFFNER, C. HALL, Miss J. Flat 5, Abermor Court, May Road, H.K. Unknown. Spence Robinson Architects, The Atelier, Broadwood Road, H.K. c/o Colonial Secretariat, Room 514, H.K. HALLWARD, Miss C. L. J. c/o St. Stephens Girls' College, Lyttelton HAMILTON, Bill G.--. HARDEN, Mrs, G. T., Jr.* - HARRISON, Prof. B. HARTWELL, Sir Charles HARTWELL, Lady HAYDON, E. S. HAYES, J. W. HAYIM, E. J.* HAYWARD, G, W. HECHTEL, F. O. P. - HENSMAN, Prof. Bertha HERRIES, M. A. R. - - - Road, H.K. 13768 Hower Drive, Saratoga, Calif. 95070, US.A. 15 Shek O, H.K. c/o Dept. of History, University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, Canada, c/o Public Service Commission, Central Government Offices, H.K. As above. c/o The Supreme Court, H.K. c/o The Colonial Secretariat, H.K. 41, Island Road, Deep Water Bay, H.K. c/o British Embassy, Kastelsvej 38-40, Copenhagen. 10 Branksome Towers, May Road, H.K. c/o St. Anne's College, Oxford, England. c/o Jardine, Matheson & Co., H.K. d'HESTROY, Baron P. de G. The Belgian Embassy, 1653 Galle Viamonte, HILL, D. A. HILSDALE, Mrs. E. P. · HỌ, Mrs. Hung-chiu HO, Teh-kuei. HO, Tickon* - HOCHSTADTER, Dr. W. HODGE, Peter HOGAN, Sir Michael - T - Buenos Aires, Argentina. 1633 Compton Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, U.S.A. 2762 Woodshire Drive, Los Angeles, Calif. 90028, U.S.A. 11, Briar Avenue, First Floor, H.K. Lakeside Building, 13th Floor, B, 259 Gloucester Road, H.K, 50, Village Road, Ground Floor, Happy Valley, H.K. 9, Cambridge Road, 1st Floor, Kowloon. c/o Dept. of Social Work, University of Hong Kong, H.K. Unknown, * Life Member Please notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1971 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/z029vt43g 232 GREGORY, Prof. W. G. GUILLAUME, Baron P. de HADDOW, Dr. I. F. G. - HAFFNER, C. HALL, Miss J. - Dept. of Architecture, University of Hong Kong, H.K. Flat 5, Abermor Court, May Road, H.K. Unknown. Spence Robinson Architects, The Atelier, Broadwood Road, H.K. Secretariat for Home Affairs, International Building, H.K. HALLWARD, Miss C. L. J. - c/o St. Stephens Girls' College, Lyttelton Road, H.K. HAMILTON, Bill G. 13768 Hower Drive, Saratoga, Calif. 95070, U.S.A. c/o Dept. of History, University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, Canada. HARDEN, Mrs. G. T., Jr.* - 15 Shek O, H.K. HARRISON, Prof. B. HARTWELL, Sir Charles HARTWELL, Lady HAYDON, E. S. HAYES, J. W. - HAYIM, E. J.* HAYWARD, G. W. HECHTEL, F. O. P. HENSMAN, Prof. Bertha HERRIES, M. A. R. HICKS, Miss Catherine M. HILSDALE, Mrs. E. P. HO, Mrs. Hungchiu HO, Teh-kuei HO, Tickon* HOCHSTADTER, Dr. W. HODGE, Peter HOLMES, Hon. D. R. - - c/o Public Service Commission, Central Government Offices, H.K. As above. c/o The Supreme Court, H.K. Room 129, Lee Gardens, Hysan Avenue, H.K. 41, Island Road Deep Water Bay, H.K. White Mill End, 5 Granville Road, Sevenoaks TN13 7, England. 10 Branksome Towers, May Road, H.K. c/o St. Anne's College, Oxford, England. c/o Jardine, Matheson & Co., H.K. 2, Ava Mansions, May Road, H.K. 2762 Woodshire Drive, Los Angeles, Calif. 90068, U.S.A. 11, Briar Avenue, First Floor, H.K. Lakeside Building, 13th Floor, B, 259 Gloucester Road, H.K. 50, Village Road Ground Floor, Happy Valley, H.K. 9, Cambridge Road, 1st Floor, Kowloon. c/o Dept. of Social Work, University of Hong Kong, H.K. Secretariat For Home Affairs, International Building, H.K. * Life Member Please notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1971 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/z029vt43g 239 RAINBIRD, S. W. O'C. - RASSIM, Mrs. E. RAYNE, R. N. - REAR, John REDFERN, O'Donnell S. REES, R. E. REES. W. H + RICHARDS, Mrs. Patricia RIDE, Sir Lindsay* RIDE, Lady* RIGBY, Lady ROBERTSON, Dr. David G. ROBERTSON, Mrs. David G. ROBERTSON, Prof. Jean M. + Room 466 Establishment Branch, Colonial Secretariat, H.K. 101 Holland Road, Hove 2, Sussex, England. c/o Chung Chi College, C.U.H.K., Shatin, N.T. c/o Dept. of Law, University of Hong Kong, H.K. 154-158 Caine Road, H.K. 101 Tregunter Mansions, Old Peak Road, H.K. 4 Coombe Apartments, 15 Coombe Road, H.K. 67 Mount Nicholson Gap, H.K. 23A Tintagel House, Stanley Fort, BFPO 1. Villa Monte Rosa, Block E2, 11th Floor, 41A Stubbs Road, H.K. As above. 50 Magazine Gap Road, H.K. 18B, Headland Road, H.K. As above. c/o Dept. of Social Studies, University of Hong Kong, H.K. ROBERTSON, Mrs. W. G. Park Mansions, 4 Mile Taipo Road, 1st fl., N.T. ROBINSON, Prof. K. E.* - + RÕE, Capt. J. S. ROGERS, Rev. D. L. - ROTHE, U.⭑ ROY, Dr. A. T.- RUMJAHN, S. M. RUST, H. A. + RUTTONJEE, Hon. D. RYDINGS, H. A. SALMON, Andrew + + N.T. c/o The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulum, H.K. c/o Caldbeck Macgregor & Co., Ltd., P.O. Box 350, H.K. Union Church, Kennedy Road, H.K. Ernst-Albers-Str. 2, 2 Hamburg-Wandsbek, Germany. c/o Chung Chi College, C.U.H.K., Shatin, N.T. P. O. Box 448, H.K. c/o Palmer & Turner, Prince's Building, 19th Floor, H.K. E-7, Woodland Heights, 2 Wongneichong Gap Road, H.K. c/o The Library, University of Hong Kong, H.K. Superintendent's Qtr. H.M.P. Tong Fuk, Lantao, N.T. * Life Member Please notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1972 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/gm80qf99h SIR JAMES HALDANE STEWART LOCKHART 59 ent Chinese he was largely instrumental in reorganizing the District Watchmen Force (a body of watchmen paid for by voluntary subscriptions from the Chinese community) and he obtained the appointment of twelve leading Chinese gentlemen as a supervising committee; he remodelled the Po Leung Kuk (a voluntary association concerned with the welfare of girls and young women); and he helped in the reformation of the Tung Wah Hospital and strengthened its committee of management.11 He was active, then, in setting up a number of official Chinese committees, linked to government through their special relationship with the Registrar General's Department, of which he was head. The Registrar General in all cases was ex officio chairman of the committees. Lockhart's views on the importance of the Chinese element in the population are to be found in a trenchant report he submitted in 1894 to the Governor, Sir William Robinson, 'on the subject of a petition addressed to the House of Commons praying for an amendment of the Constitution of the Crown Colony of Hong Kong.' This petition from Hong Kong taxpayers to the House of Commons owed its origin principally to the imposition upon the taxpayers in 1891 of an additional military contribution of £20,000 a year, a decision that irritated and excited particularly the European business community. In 1894 T.H. Whitehead,13 Unofficial Member of the Legislative Council and leader of the business faction, was granted six months' leave of absence from the Council and he took with him to England a petition signed by 363 members of the community — (in Lockhart's words) ‘284 British, 10 Anglo-Chinese, 3 American, 4 Portuguese, and 47 British Indians.' The petitioners sought the election of representatives of British nationality in the Legislative Council; freedom of debate for the Official members with power to vote as they desired; complete control in the Council over local expenditure; the management of local affairs; and a consultative voice in questions of an Imperial character. With great dialectical skill Lockhart took the petition to bits and exposed the vacuity of its arguments. In his memorandum to the Governor he averred: 'Most of the taxes fall almost entirely on the Chinese. The only tax to which the British and other residents as a whole are subject in the same manner as the Chinese is the tax of 13 per cent levied on the rateable value of house ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1973 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/8910rj06r NOTES AND QUERIES 149 ragés par le gouvernement, y accouraient en grand nombre. Beaucoup de Chinois venaient s'y établir et y construire des maisons. C'est ainsi que furent jetés les fondements de la nouvelle ville de Vittoria, avant la ratification du traité de Nankin, qui porte la date du 5 avril 1843. L'administration de l'île, comme il fut arrêté à cette époque, est confiée à un gouverneur. Il est assisté d'un conseil exécutif composé du secrétaire de la colonie, du commandant de la garnison et du procureur de la couronne, et d'un conseil législatif dont le gouverneur est le président. Ce conseil est composé d'un juge, du secrétaire de la couronne, du trésorier, de l'auditeur général, de l'inspecteur général et de trois des principaux négociants de l'île, nommés par la couronne, sur la présentation du gouverneur. La police emploie 60 Européens, 382 Indiens et 180 Chinois qui forment un personnel respectable de 550 personnes. Sous les cinq gouverneurs qui se sont succédé depuis 1843 jusqu'à 1863, la colonie s'est formée et accrue comme par enchantement, en sorte que, sur ces rochers, presque déserts en 1839, on comptait, en 1863, 3,080 habitants européens ou américains, et plus de 121,900 Chinois, dans la ville et dans les villages, avec une entrée de 120,028 livres sterling et une sortie de 121,880 livres. Elle avait un grand palais pour le gouvernement et un autre palais pour le gouverneur. La nouvelle ville de Vittoria, avec ses édifices somptueux, offre tout le confort de la vie, toute la propreté et tout le luxe anglais : des rues larges et souvent bordées d'arbres, des trottoirs, des portiques. Elle renferme des hôpitaux, des casernes, des théâtres, des clubs, une cathédrale protestante, une loge maçonnique inaugurée anno lucis 5854 (1852), des mosquées, des pagodes et des chapelles réformées. Toutes ces récentes constructions s'échelonnent, du rivage de la mer au sommet de la colline, sur une étendue de plus de cinq kilomètres. La mer elle-même, refoulée sur plusieurs points, 3 Gouverneurs de l'île: Sir H. Pottinger, du 28 juin au 7 mai 1844. Sir John Davis, de mai 1844 au 1er mars 1848. Sir George Bonham (sic) de mars 1848 à avril 1854. Sir John Bowring, d'avril 1854 à mai 1859. Sir Hercules Robinson, de septembre 1859 au 15 mars 1865. Sir F. MacDonnell (sic) de 1865 à 1872. Sir A. Kennedy. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1974 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/x633mp077 LIST OF MEMBERS 251 LIFE OVERSEAS MEMBERS: JORDAN, Dr. David K. - Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A. KNOWLES, Mrs. W. C. G. Wakes Colne Place, Nr. Colchester, Essex, England. LINDSAY, T. J., M.B.E. 3, Bareena Avenue, Wahroonga, N.S.W., Australia. LOTHROP, Francis B. 176, Milk Street, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. MANSFIELD, Miss M. B. The Royal Naval School, Haslemere, Surrey, England. McBAIN, George c/o Imperial Chemical Industries (Japan) Ltd., C.P.O. Box 411, Tokyo, Japan. McDOUALL, J. C. - The Old School, Souldern, Bicester, Oxfordshire, England. MEFFAN, Mrs. I. E. - c/o Swire, MacKinnon, C.P.O. Box 703, Tokyo 100-91, Japan. MICHAELIONES, Miss E. O. The British Council, Halls Croft, Old Town, Stratford-upon-Avon, England. MIDDLEBROOK, R. W. 165, East 66th Street, New York 21, N.Y., U.S.A. MILL, Capt. C. S., Jr. - Indian Hill, Pittsboro, N.C. 27312, U.S.A. MILLER, Carl Ferris O. c/o Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, G.P.O. Box 255, Seoul, Korea. PLAG, Rev. A. 7000 Stuttgart 1, Roemerstr. 41, Germany (F.R.) ROBINSON, Prof. K. E. The Old Rectory, Church Westcoat, Kingham, Oxford, OX7 6SF, England. ROTHE, Ulrich 'Wohnstift Augustinum' Apt. 778, 5483 Bad Neuenahr, Germany. SINFIELD, G. H. C. Hong Kong Tourist Assoc., 159 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. SPERRY, H. M. 64, Hillbrook Drive, Portola Valley, California 94025, U.S.A. STEVENS, Major K. G. - 9 Cherry Glebe, Mersham, Ashford, Kent, England. SWIRE, A. C. c/o John Swire & Sons Ltd., 66, Cannon Street, London, E.C.4, England. TARARIN, P. A. 623, Harper Avenue, Los Angeles, Calif. 90048, U.S.A. TILL, The Very Rev. Barry c/o Morley College, 61, Westminster Bridge Road, London, S.E.1, England. TURNER, Sir Michael c/o The Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp., 9, Gracechurch Street, London, E.C.3, England. WARD, Miss Janet A. c/o National Provincial Bank Ltd., Bideford, North Devon, England. WELCH, Holmes H. 4 Holden Lane, Concord, Mass., USA ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1974 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/x633mp077 256 LIST OF MEMBERS ORDINARY MEMBERS: GREGORY, Prof. W. G. Department of Architecture, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, H.K. GROVES, Prof. Murray C. - Sociology Department, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, H.K. GUILLAUME, Baron P. de - c/o Banque Belge pour l'Etranger, S.A., GUTLON, Mrs. Audrey HAFFNER, Christopher HALLIDAY, P. E. HALLMARK, D. S. HARGROVES, Mrs. Josephine L. T. HAYES, Mrs. Holly Edinburgh House, H.K. 39, Conduit Road, Flat 202, H.K. Spence Robinson Architects, The Atelier, Broadwood Road, H.K. Flat 507B, 19 Homantin Hill Road, Kowloon. P.O. Box 387, H.K. Apt. C-2, 152, Tai Hang Road, H.K. 5/B, Garden Mansions, 157, Austin Road, Kowloon. HAYWARD-MAY, Mrs. A. - Flat C, 10, Wong Nei Chong Gap Road, H.K. HEATHERINGTON, Mrs. E. Bellevue Court, Flat A-2, 41, Stubbs Road, H.K. HEFFNER, Mrs. S. F. HERRIES, Sir Michael HICKS, Miss Catherine M. CHIU, Mrs. Họ Hung HALLAM, Miss Judith W. 14, Guildford Road, H.K. c/o Jardine Matheson & Co. Ltd., P.O. Box 70, H.K. c/o Cathay Pacific Airways, Union House, H.K. 11, Briar Avenue, 1st floor, H.K. 2F, 10 Happy View Terrace, Happy Valley, H.K. HOCHSTADTER, Dr. Walter 9, Cambridge Road, 1st floor, Kowloon. HODGE, P. HOFSTETTER, Mrs. M. - HOLMES, Sir Ronald, C.B.E. HOLMES, Miss J. HOPKINSON, Mrs. J. E. HORSTMANN, Mrs. Charlotte HOTUNG, Eric E. HOWNAM-MEEK, R. S. HSIA. Tung Fei HUANG, Y. C. Dept. of Social Work, University of Hong Kong, H.K. 3, Wood Road, 6th floor, H.K. Public Services Commission, Colonial Secretariat, H.K. 26, Kennedy Road, H.K. 12, Mt. Nicholson Gap, H.K. 104, Ocean Terminal, Kowloon. 10, Stanley Street, H.K. c/o Commercial Management Ltd., P & O Building, 17th floor, H.K. P.O. Box No. 20027/1. Hennessy Road Post Office, H.K. Jardine Matheson & Co. Ltd., Jardine House, H.K. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1975 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/j0995146d MERCHANT ORGANISATIONS IN IMPERIAL CHINA 41 5 Ho Ping-ti, "Salient Aspects of China's Heritage," in Ping-ti Ho and Tang Tsou, eds., China in Crisis (Chicago, 1968), I. 1:34-35; Ho Ping-ti, Hui-kuan shih-lun, pp. 33-34, 37-40. 6 See John Fincher's article on provincialism in Mary C. Wright, ed. China in Revolution: The First Phase, 1900-1913 (New Haven, 1968). 7 Ezra F. Vogel and Tamako Yagai, “Japanese Studies of Chinese Guilds," unpublished paper delivered at the Seminar on Problems of Micro-Organs in Chinese Society, 1963; Peter J. Golas, "Early Ch'ing Gilds,” unpublished paper delivered at the Conference on Urban Society in Traditional China, 1968. 8 Ch'üan Han-sheng, Hang-hui chih-tu, pp. 99-101; Peng Chang, “Distribution of Provincial Merchant Groups in China, 1842-1911," (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Washington, Seattle, 1958), pp. 51-55. 9 The others were from (1) Chihli, (2) Shantung, (3) Nanking, (4) Wusih and (5) the Shansi bankers. See A. M. Kotenev, Shanghai: Its Mixed Court and Council (Shanghai, 1925), p. 253 n. 10 Lai Lien-san, Hsiang-kang chih-lüeh (A brief account of Hong Kong) (Hong Kong, 1931), 115-17 11 For a detailed account, see Fang Teng, "Yü Hsia-ch'ing lun," (On Yu Hsia-ch'ing) in Tsa-chih Yüeh-k'an (Monthly miscellany), 12.2:46-51 (Nov. 1943); 12.3:62-67 (Dec. 1943); 12.4:59-64 (Jan. 1944). 12 P'eng Tse-i, "Shih-chiu shih-chi hou-ch'i Chung-kuo ch'eng-shih shou-kung-yeh shang-yeh hsing-hui ti chung-chien ho tso-yung" (The revival and function of urban handicraft and commercial organizations in late nineteenth century China), Li-shih yen-chiu (Historical studies) 1:71-102 (1965). 13 T'ung-chih Shang-hai hsien-chih (Gazetteer of the Shanghai County for the T'ung-chih reign), ed. Yü Yueh (n.p., 1871), 2:21-28. 14 Ibid. 15 Nan-hai hsien-chih (Gazetteer of the Nan-hai County), eds. Chang Feng-chieh, et al. (n.p., 1910), 6:106-13. 16 Sixtieth Anniversary of the Tungwah Hospital: A Commemorative Issue (Hong Kong, 1930). 17 They were Ai-yü, Kuang-chi, Kuang-jen, Ch'ung-cheng, Shu-shan, Ming-shan, Hui-hsing, Fang-pien, Jun-shen. 18 "Reports of the Special Committee appointed by H.E. Sir William Robinson, KCMG, to investigate and report on certain points connected with the Bills for the Incorporation of the Po Leung Kuk, a Society for the Protection of Women and Girls" (Hong Kong, 1893). 19 E.g. see Hsiang-shan hsien-chih hsü-pien (A continuation of the Gazetteer of the Hsiang-shan County), ed. Li Shih-ch'in (n.p., 1923), 4:18a-20b, in which it is stated that a number were founded during the Kuang-hsü reign (1875-1908). 20 Song Ong Siong. One Hundred Years' History of the Chinese in Singapore (Singapore, 1967), pp. 277, 309, 424, 432; George W. Skinner, Leadership and Power in the Chinese Community of Thailand (Ithaca, 1958), pp. 2-13. 21 Nan-hai hsien-chih, 6:10b. 22 Shang-hai hsien hsü-chih (A continuation of the Gazetteer of the Shanghai County), ed. Yao Wen-nan (Shanghai, 1918), 2:38a. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1975 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/j0995146d NOTES AND QUERIES 313 Cheung could say nothing against the decision, but as far as the demarcation line was concerned, it is said that he had secretly petitioned the Imperial Government to be very careful in dealing with its (English) counterpart in fixing the Sino-British boundary. It is also believed that the boundary was finalised upon his personal recommendation.* As a matter of fact, the boundary ranged from the eastern part of the Kowloon Walled City (now the eastern side of Kai Tak Airport) to the western waterfront of Shamshuipo. From the physical point of view, the terrain to the south of the boundary is all flat and to the north all mountainous, so in terms of national defence it is absolutely a strategic advantage to hold the mountainous area. The demarcation then follows the present Boundary Street. It was completely beyond the General's anticipation that in later days the whole region of Kowloon was leased to Britain at the 24th year of Kuang Hsü (***) (1898) and the boundary extended from the Boundary Street to Shum Chun (M). [Actually to the Sham Chun river, south of the town]. Gen Cheung once acted as the Commander-in-chief of naval forces in Kwangtung Province, and it was under his care that the Bocco Tigris forts (1) were repaired. Among the relics in connection with General Cheung's administration which still remain nowadays, there is a plaque inside the Hau Wong Temple (1£ §) at Kowloon City. On the plaque there is an inscription of four large Chinese characters which literally mean "a good administration under your Highness' Protection”.† As quoted from the accompanying inscription, the general said, “As time elapses it has already been 13 years since I was appointed as the Commander at Kowloon in the 4th year of Hsien Feng reign () (1853)." He also said: "It is all due to your Highness' grace and instructions that security and peace prevail in the whole domain for which I feel greatly obliged. Now I have already reached the age of 70 so the time is ripe for me to retire from a long term of service." Judging from the two quotations above, we realize how humble and modest he was because he attributed all his achievements and merits to His Highness the Marquis Yeung. Apart from *This may well be so. His name appears as one of the members of the Joint Land Commission of 1862 for settling land titles in Kowloon: see PRO London, CO129/85, annex to Sir H. Robinson's despatch of 30th April 1862. † The reference is to the god of this famous temple the Marquis Yeung (#1) a loyal minister of Sung ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1981 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/ff36bt18m 216 FABER, Mrs G.A.G. FAWCETT, Mr B.C. FRASER, Mr A.P. GALVIN, Mr J.A.T. GEORGE, Mr Timothy J.B. GIEDROYC, Mr Michael J.H. GOLDNEY, Miss C.M. HARDEN, Mrs Guy T., Jr. HAYDON, Mr E.S. HECHTEL, Mr F.O.P. HOWARTH, Mr Richard H. HUGHES, Mrs Marion HURT, Miss Evelyn J. INGLES, Miss Jean M. IRETON, Mrs Polly H. JOHNSTON, Mr James J. JORDAN, Dr David K. KIDD, Mr S.T. 7 KNOWLES, Miss Moria G. KNOWLES, Mrs W.C.G. KURATA, Mrs Lucien LANCHESTER Mrs G.W. LAUFER, Mr E.M. LAUFER, Mrs B.M. LI, DR Choh-Ming LINDSAY, Mr T.J. LOTHROP, Mr Francis B. MANSFIELD, Miss M.B. MICHAELIONES, Miss E.O. MILL, Major C.S., USMC MILLER, Mr Carl F.O. NICHOLS, The Hon. Mr E.H. O'BRIEN, Father J.R. PLAG, Rev. Albrecht POLAND, Mr Thomas D. RITCHIE, Mr Douglas J. ROBINSON, Prof. K.E. ROTHE, Mr Ulrich. SINFIELD, Mr G.HC. SPERRY, Mr Henry M. STEVENS, Mr Keith G. SWIRE, Mr A.C. TILL, The Very Rev. Barry TURNER, Sir Michael WARD, Miss Janet E.A. WELCH, Mr Holmes H. WHITELEGGE, Mr D.S. WOLF, Mr John ORDINARY OVERSEAS MEMBERS ANDERSON, Dr Eugene N., Jr. BARR, Mr J.W. BEVERIDGE, Mr R.J. BOND, Mr Michael W. CHAR, Mr Tin Yuke CHINN, Mrs Caroline Lee CLARK, Mrs A.T. COOPER, Dr Eugene DE FAZIO, Mr & Mrs M.F. EASTON, Ms. Linda FESSLER, Mr Loren FITZGIBBON, Mr Desmond GARD, Dr Richard A. GILMAN, Ms Claudia GOODRICH, Prof. L. Carrington HARRISON, Prof, B. HEMMING, Miss Janet M. HODGSON, Mr A.F. HODGSON, Mrs Kirsty Hamilton HOGAN, Mr James HUYSMAN, Mr J. KNEEBONE, Mrs Susan KRAMERS, Dr R.P. LIU, Prof. Ts'un Yan LU, Mrs Sylvia MACLEAN, Mr Roderick MATHIAS, Dr John R.G. McCOY, Mr John MORGAN, Mrs Carole MYERS, Mr John T. PARR, Mr M.J. REDFERN, Mr O'Donnell S. REID, Mr A.J.H. SCHWARZER, Mr C.A. SELWYN, Mr J.B. SMITH, Dr Ralph B. STEEDS, Mr David STOKES, Mr John STRAUCH, Dr Judith STURM, Prof. Fred Gillette VILLIERS, Dr John WATSON, Dr James L. WICKBERG, Professor Edgar ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1982 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/mk61z420p 367 ARMERDING, Mr. L.E. OVERSEAS LIFE MEMBERS BAKER, Dr. H.D.R. BAKER, Mr. W.E. BALL, Mr. J.M. BARNETT, Mr. K.M.A. BENNISON, Mr. L.L. BERTUCCIOLI, Dr. G. BLACKMORE, Mr. M. BLACK, Sir Robert BLAKER, Mr. D.J.R. CAPLAN, Mr. M. CARLSON, Miss R.E. CATER, Sir Jack CLARKE, Rev. C.S. COCKELL, Miss J.V. COLLIN, Mr. P.H. COSBY, Mr. L.P.S.G. CRANMER-BYNG, Prof. J.L. CUMMING, Mrs. D.M. DUNCANSON, Mr. J.D. EWING, Miss E. FABER, Mrs. A. FABER, Mrs. G.A.G. FAWCETT, Mr. B.C. FRASER, Mr. A.P. GALVIN, Mr. J.A.T. GEORGE, Mr. T.J.B. GIEDROYC, Mr. M.J.H. GOLDNEY, Miss C.M. HARDEN, Mrs. G.T. HAYDON, Mr. E.S. HECHTEL, Mr. F.O.P. HOGAN, Mr. J. HOWARTH, Mr. R.H. HUGHES, Mrs. M. HURT, Miss E.J. INGLES, Miss J.M. IRETON, Mrs. P.H. JOHNSTON, Mr. J.J. JORDAN, Dr. D.K. KIDD, Mr. S.T. LOTHROP, Mr. F.B. MACLEAN, Mr. R. MANSFIELD, Miss M.B. MICHAELIONES, Miss E.O. MILL, Major C.S. MILLER, Mr. C.F.O. NICHOLS, Mr. E.H. O'BRIEN, Father J.R. PLAG, Mr. A. POLAND, Mr. T.D. RITCHIE, Mr. D.J. ROBINSON, Prof. K.E. ROTHE, Mr. U. KNOWLES, Miss M.G. SINFIELD, Mr. G.H.C. KNOWLES, Mrs. W.C.G. KURATA, Mrs. L. LANCHESTER, Mrs. G.W. LAUFER, Mr. E.M. LAUFER, Mrs. B.M. LI, Dr. C.M. LINDSAY, Mr. T.J. LISOWSKI, Prof. F.P. SPERRY, Mr. H.M. STEVENS, Mr. K.G. SWIRE, Mr. A.C. TURNER, Sir Michael WARD, Miss J.E.A. WATSON, Dr. J.L. WHITELEGGE, Mr. D.S. LISOWSKI, Mrs. W.Y. WOLF, Mr. J. LOES, Dr. S. de ANDERSON, Dr. E.N. ORDINARY OVERSEAS MEMBERS BARR, Mr. J.W. BEVERIDGE, Mr. R.J. BOND, Mr. M.W. CHAR, Mr. T.Y. CHINN, Mrs. C.L. CLARK, Mrs. A.T. CONROY, Dr. R. COOPER, Dr. E. DE FAZIO, Mr. & Mrs. M.F. EASTON, Ms. L. HEMMING, Miss J.M. HODGSON, Mr. A.F. HODGSON, Mrs. K.H. HUYSMAN, Mr. J. FESSLER, Mr. L. FITZGIBBON, Mr. D. GARD, Dr. R.A. GOODRICH, Prof. L.C. HARRISON, Prof. B. KNEEBONE, Mrs. S. KRAMERS, Dr. R.P. LIU, Prof. T.Y. LU, Mrs. S. MATHIAS, Dr. J.R.G. McCOY, Mr. J. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1984 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/5h73wh572 159 The action of the Secretary of State in overruling the Governor's advice in 1889, 1893, and 1931 was most unusual. It was, doubtless, a highly moral stand, and spared the Secretary from the obloquy of appearing as an advocate of vice in an unsympathetic House of Commons. But the results were disastrous, so disastrous in fact that the official instructions were circumvented in Hong Kong for thirty years with the connivance of the Colonial Office. When they were enforced under a compliant Governor the results turned out to be as bad as had been predicted. 2 1 NOTES Hong Kong Government Gazette, 15 February 1873 p. 55. Hong Kong Legislative Council, Sessional Papers 1931, pp. 102 and 111. Correspondence relating to the Working of the Contagious Diseases Ordinances of the Colony of Hong Kong, C3093, p. 21 in Parliamentary Papers 1881 LXV, p. 599. 4 Mr. Labouchere to Governor Bowring, 27 August 1858, reproduced in Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the Working of the Contagious Diseases Ordinance 1867 (Hong Kong: Noronha 1879) p. 207. 6 Op. cit. note 3, p. 22. For a full description of the system in operation in 1878 see Report of the Commissioners, 1879, Appendix, especially the evidence of C. Clementi Smith and A. Lister at pp. 1-8. + Ibid, Appendix p. 6. 'The examinations were the greatest punishment (the women) could have and the mere threat of sending them to examination was generally sufficient to keep them in order. See also CO129/259 pp. 132f for the situation in 1893. Quoted by Governor Sir J. Pope Hennessy in a despatch to the Earl of Kimberley, 13 Nov 1880, in op. cit., note 3, p. 46. 9 9 W.H. Marsh, Officer Administering the Government, to Secretary of State, 10 Jan 1887 in Parliamentary Papers 1887 LVII p. 689, no. 6. 10 Sir H.T. Holland to Governor of Hong Kong, 2 July 1887 in Parliamentary Papers 1887 LVII, p. 793, no. 30. Sir W. Des Voeux to Lord Knutsford, 8 Oct. 1888 with enclosures in Parliamentary Papers 1889 LV p. 163, no. 22. 12 Knutsford to Des Voeux, 30 Nov. 1888 and 15 Feb. 1889 in Parliamentary Papers 1889 LV pp. 173 and 204, nos. 25 and 39. 13 Knutsford to Des Voeux, 3 Jan. 1890 and 13 Jan. 1890 in Parliamentary Papers 1890 XLIX pp. 56 and 63, nos. 25 and 27. 14 Des Voeux to Knutsford, 29 July 1889 in Parliamentary Papers 1890 XLIX p. 38 no. 10 and Marquess of Ripon to Sir William Robinson, 17 March 1893 in Parliamentary Papers 1894 LVII p. 39, no. 13. Page 180 Page 181 ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1984 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/5h73wh572 160 R.J. MINERS 15 Knutsford to Des Voeux, 12 Dec. 1890 and Des Voeux to Knutsford, 13 April 1891 in Parliamentary Papers 1894 LVII pp. 26-27, nos. 5 and 6. 16 See for example CO129/218 p. 487, letter to the Secretary of State from the National Association for the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Act, 28 March 1884. 17 Ripon to Robinson, 17 March 1893 in Parliamentary Papers 1894 LVII p. 39, no. 13. 18 Robinson to Ripon, 17 June 1893 with enclosures in Parliamentary Papers 1894 LVII pp. 46-52, no. 17. 19 See the tabulated returns for Straits Settlements and Hong Kong in CO129/286 pp. 86-87. 20 See CO882/6 Confidential Print Eastern no. 69 Correspondence regarding the Measures to be Adopted for Checking the Spread of Venereal Disease 1894-1899; Minute by Sir Edward Wingfield at CO129/276 p. 132. 21 J. Chamberlain to Governor Sir H.A. Blake, 11 May 1899 in CO882/6 p. 117. 22 Minute by J. Chamberlain, 25 Jan. 1898 in CO129/276 p. 132. 23 This possibility had been mentioned earlier in an unpublished letter from the Attorney General; see minute in CO129/286 p. 75 dated 18 March 1899. 24 Memorandum by Secretary for Chinese Affairs, 4 June 1923 in CO129/480 pp. 254-259. 25 The following paragraphs are based on the S.C.A. memorandum; a long description by Dr. Wellington, Director of Medical and Sanitary Services, not dated item 5 in CO129/533/10 of 1931; and note by the Chief Justice, J.H. Kemp dated 16 May 1931, item 3 in CO129/533/10. 26 Macfarlane and Aubrey: Journal of the Hong Kong University Medical Society, Vol. 1 April 1922, quoted in CO129/480 p. 260. 27 In CO129/472 pp. 356-382, April 1921. 28 See CO129/474 pp. 338-358; CO129/484, pp. 257-8; CO129/485 pp. 2-18 and 122-6. 29 See CO129/472 pp. 603-5; CO129/475 pp. 326-331; CO129/483 pp. 66-75 and pp. 156-170. 30 Straits Settlements Legislative Council Sessional Papers 1923: Report of the Venereal Diseases Committee, 17 December 1923, pp. C286-327; CO882/11 Confidential Print Eastern no. 147 Correspondence 1923-1925 Relating to Social Hygiene in Singapore. 31 First Report of the Advisory Committee on Social Hygiene, August 1925 Cmd 2501. See also Report of a Committee appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to examine and report on Straits Settlements Ordinance no. 15 of 1927, March 1929, Cmd 3294. 32 CO129/522/3. 33 Unpublished memoir by Sir William Peel deposited at Rhodes House, Oxford. House of Commons Debates, 27 June 1930 p. 1500, speech by Dr. D. Shiels. 34 Peel to Passfield, 22 August 1930 in CO129/522/3. 35 Peel to Passfield, 9 June 1931 in CO129/533/10. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1986 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/jq08c7063 41 with Mr. Francis. The procedure of the Hong Kong Government towards him seems miserably failing in tact. The Government was contemptible but Mr. Francis has diverted to himself a portion of the criticism that would otherwise have been monopolised by the Government. The whole affair makes an ugly page in the annals of the colony". There was reaction also inside the Government. Ackroyd wrote to the Colonial Office saying "Mr. Francis is not a general favourite in Hong Kong and therefore the feeling in his favour on this occasion is all the more forcible testimony”. A Government memorandum recorded "It has been decided not to give Francis the C.M.G. and it is impossible to vary that decision in the light of his letters. It will be seen that in his letter of 29 May he asks for the reason why he has not been honoured to the same extent as May. He should be politely told that the Secretary of State must decline to enter into correspondence on the subject”. The Governor recommended that Francis should be noted for a C.M.G. "if he is quiet between this and then" (i.e. the next honours list). According to a memorandum in 1902 Francis was so noted but “it was not finally decided that he should be given the C.M.G.” After the death of Francis, Ackroyd wrote to the Daily Press “He was a most useful citizen. As Chairman of the Plague Recognition Committee I recall he had put aside his professional duties and sacrificed his large practice for some months to help the Colony in her hour of trial" (in fact he did not entirely abandon his practice). “He did a great and good work and I deeply regretted that these deserving services had not met with their reward but I suppose some official jealousy prevented him receiving that mark of Her Majesty's favour which he surely deserved and which he would greatly have appreciated". The Colonial Secretary, J.H. Stewart Lochkart, brought this letter to the attention of the Governor writing “Ackroyd was knighted and now draws a handsome pension of more than £1,200 a year. So far as the Hong Kong Government is concerned his supposition of official jealousy is entirely unfounded. The services of Francis were brought to the notice of the Colonial Office by Sir William Robinson, and Mr. May when he was on leave at home also informed the Colonial Office of the good work done by Francis. I believe he would have been decorated but he published an injudicious letter after receiving the historical inkpot ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1986 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/jq08c7063 60 — D.A. GRIFFITHS AND S.P. LAU and it is to be got through the Press early in the issuing year. It will form one of the series of Floras of the British Colonies published under the sanction of H.M. Government and the general superintendence of Sir W.J. Hooker. Further, and perhaps of more relevance in getting the gardens established, it is boldly stated in answer to Query no. 4 of June 28th 1860 "No Botanical Garden exists in the colony". Thus although the scheme to establish a public Botanical Garden had been sanctioned by the Secretary of State in 1856, the proposal was held in limbo until Nov 30th 1861 when a sum of £269..10..6 was approved "for the formation of Public Gardens”. A further sum of £4,371..2..6 was approved by the Governor, Hercules Robinson who explained the justification for such a large sum on the difficult topography of the chosen site. "The amount proposed to be expended in this service is large, but the only ground available for a Public Garden in a suitable locality is situated on such a steep incline as to call for very special arrangements for carrying off the water from the hills. Drainage and a boundary wall constitute the chief items of the Estimate". It is obvious that Governor Robinson considered the formation of a public garden both an added attraction to the rapidly expanding city and, in addition, well within the financial resources of the Colony. He continues: "I am of opinion that a portion of the large surplus revenue at present in hand, cannot be better expended than in carrying out this undertaking, which will contribute to the embellishment of the City of Victoria and the health and enjoyment of its inhabitants.” The Duke of Newcastle's scribbled note appended to Robinson's submission on its arrival in London states: ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1986 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/jq08c7063 61 "Rather a large outlay for Public Gardens but as the Revenue is very flourishing and the object (?) one of general public advantage He sanctioned the costs! + etc." In addition to the actual cost of the gardens themselves, an extra provision of $3,562.24 was made on November 7th, 1862, "for the erection of Quarters for the Government Gardener and the foreman of works…". During the final stages of construction, there were the inevitable changes in plans and, in addition, the ground being levelled was so rugged and rocky, requiring much blasting, that a final supplementary funding was approved on July 13th, 1864, totalling $15,643.98. It is difficult to establish who, apart from the Governor, were the people striving to establish the Botanic Gardens, which were comparatively expensive to develop and would, by definition, divert funds from other seemingly more important projects within the Colony. One such person was Dr. H.F. Hance, a distinguished botanist who later became vice-consul at Whampoa, and who played an active role in pushing the project forward. He wrote, for example, to George Bentham of Kew Gardens in November 1859: “When in Hong Kong, I had a talk with Sir Hercules Robinson (then Governor of Hong Kong) on the subject of a Botanic Garden, and he seemed to look hopefully, I thought, on the prospects of one being established." His involvement in the project was confirmed later in his obituary, which appeared in the Hongkong Daily Press dated 26th June, 1886: "When Hong Kong began to think of establishing a Public Garden, Dr. Hance was consulted as to the suitability of a site, and it was on his recommendation that that was chosen on which the old portion of the Botanic Gardens now rest. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-2001 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/zg651950g 21 Kenya 33 per cent, Nigeria 58 per cent, Ceylon 52 per cent, Jamaica 60 per cent. 7. For example Nyasaland in 1929 raised the duty on imported soap from 5 shillings to 7 shillings to protect a newly established factory. In 1931 the duty was increased to 8 shillings a cwt. The Colonial Office first heard of these increases in 1932 when Unilever complained. Memo IDC(37)No.7, T160/763/F14811/2. 8. CO137/780. Georgina Waylen, 'Colonial Policy towards industrialisation between the wars: the case of Jamaica', Manchester Papers in Politics (University of Manchester, Nov. 1987, mimeo). 9. In 1931 a local company proposed to establish a cement factory in Kenya which required a protective tariff and a guarantee that a very high anti-dumping duty would be imposed on Japanese cement which dominated the market. The Colonial Office refused the request for protection on the advice of the Board of Trade because the local factory if successful would take over government orders, depriving British cement manufacturers of the last remnant of the market. CO533/417/18. In 1933 the Colonial Office rejected a scheme to erect a cotton spinning and weaving factory in East Africa which required a capital subscription of £500,000 from the governments of Kenya, Uganda and Tanganyika. IDC(37)No.8, T160/763/F14811/2. A proposal for a soap factory in the Windward Islands was disallowed because it involved the colony being given a preference over the UK in other colonies from which the copra was to be exported. IDC(37)No.7, T160/763/F14811/2. 10. Hong Kong Blue Book 1846 (PRO, CO133/3), 226, stated ‘A large number of Chinese are employed in their respective shops and houses in the exercise of industrial trades and manufactures and there are scarcely any ordinary wants of the inhabitants which do not meet with a ready supply within the town.' 11. These dates are taken from the Return of Manufactures, Mines and Factories in the Blue Books compiled every year for submission to the Colonial Office. Not all the manufacturing enterprises were successful: the cotton spinning factory closed in 1914 and removed its machinery to Shanghai. But new manufacturing ventures soon took their place. Sir William Robinson (governor 1891-98) in his first address to the legislative council spoke of the advantages that would accrue from a further encouragement of local industries. 'The community may rely upon my aid and assistance in fostering in every legitimate way the development of such enterprises.' Hong Kong Legislative Council Debates, 25 Jan. 1892, 97. This was done by selling public land by private treaty at a discount for industrial development, H.K. LegCo. Deb., 4 Dec. 1893, 1–2. 12. CO129/379, 377-384 and 392-755. 13. Hong Kong Blue Book 1930. Blue Book 1932. The largest factory was that of the Green Island Cement Company which could employ 1,470 men when working at full capacity. 14. Statistics on imports and exports were first collected in 1918. Publication was discontinued in 1925 and resumed in 1931, but no distinction was made between re-exports and domestic exports until 1959. Estimates of gross domestic product were not made by government statisticians until 1961. Domestic exports have been calculated from Hong Kong Trade Returns 1932, compiled by the Imports and Exports Department (Hong Kong, 1933), CO133/103, by identifying all categories where exports exceeded imports, on the assumption that the surplus must represent Hong Kong domestic production. This calculation certainly understates local production since it does not take account of manufactures consumed locally. Also the trade figures do not include the very large volume of goods smuggled into China to avoid payment of customs duty. 15. Memorandum in Clementi to Cunliffe-Lister, 20 Sept. 1933, CO323/1232. 16. Report of the Commission appointed by the Governor to Enquire into the Causes and Effects of the Present Trade Depression in Hong Kong, February 1935 (Hong Kong, 1935), 88-89, CO129/554/5. 17. Trade Depression Report, 75. 18. W.K. Hancock, Survey of British Commonwealth Affairs Vol II, Problems of Economic Policy 1918-1939, Part 1 (Oxford, 1940), 87. 19. CO129/344. CO129/370. CO129/392. 20. F. V. Meyer, British Colonies in World Trade (Oxford, 1948), 9–11, 18–19. 21. Hancock, 125. Meyer, 10-11. ================================================================================