RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1984
https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/5h73wh572
196

Y.H. CHEUNG, K.Y. TAI, S.W. TSAO AND L.B. THROWER

items of diet for the higher trophic levels include phytoplankton, periphyton, polychaetes (eg. Nereis) and miscellaneous other invertebrates such as chironomid larvae, crustacean larvae, copepods (eg. Tigriopus japonicus), amphipods and isopods. The percentage composition of the gut contents of a range of animals is given in Table 5.

Table 4. Characteristics of the bacterial colonies isolated from surface of mangrove leaves (Kandelia candel) after various periods of immersion in kei wai

  
    Period of immersion (days)
    8
    14
    21
    43
  
  
    Character
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Gram stain (+)
    40*
    30
    67
    60
  
  
    Gram stain (-)
    60
    70
    33
    40
  
  
    Rod
    80
    90
    100
    100
  
  
    Coccus
    20
    10
    0
    0
  
  
    Pigment
    
    
    
    
  
  
    White
    25
    67
    40
    75
  
  
    Yellow
    22
    Orange
    0
    0
  
  
    Pink
    11
    Grey
    0
    0
  
  
    Transparent
    0
    MooMoo
    0
    20
  
  
    
    
    0
    40
    
  
  
    Biochemical character
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Glucose fermentation
    25
    
    
    
  
  
    Starch hydrolysis
    50
    
    
    
  
  
    Proteolysis
    25
    
    
    
  
  
    Lipid hydrolysis
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Cellulolysis
    KAKKA
    64
    55
    36
  
  
    
    20
    75
    63
    50
  
  
    
    73
    80
    82
    88
  
  
    
    30
    30
    70
    22
  
  
    
    075
    44
    
    
  

* Percentage of isolates possessing each character

The results show the importance of detritus of plant origin (plant fragments) in the diet of these animals. It was most important in the case of invertebrates where it accounted for 22-40% of the gut contents, but made up 30% of the gut content of striped mullet (Mugil cephalus). Moreover, other undefined detrital material (sediments and inorganic particles) also made up a large
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RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1984
https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/5h73wh572
198

Y.H. CHEUNG, K.Y. TAI, S.W. TSAO AND L.B. THROWER

Table 5. Proportion of gut contents originating from various sources

  
    
    Micro-frag.
    Diatoms
    Plani
    Sedi-
    Cope-
    Poly-
    Chiron-
    Inverte
    Shrimps'
    Fishes'
    Cel | Panly Con-digested
    sub-stances
  
  
    
    
    
    Pods
    chacles'
    omid
    benes
    omid
    remains
    remains
    remains
    tent
    
  
  
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    larve
    
    
    
    scopic algac
    
  
  
    Animal
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Amphi pods
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    20%
    1
    
    
    inorganic particles
    30%
    30%
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Chicon-omid Jarvar
    3%
    19%
    40
    35
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Nereis sp.
    
    30
    30
    
    30
    1
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Crasso strea
    18
    N
    27
    45
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Metap endeus MORO cerus
    25
    22
    30
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Pando KHS orient alis
    20
    19
    24
    30
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Panda-JME SP
    19
    25
    40
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Macro-Drucke iwor sp.
    22
    2
    28
    30
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Parap САДЕНТ fixe
    20
    10
    26
    36
    
    
    www
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Mugil cepha-fus Saroch erodon
    111055- ambi.
    9
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Glosso glob.
    $
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Mylio Jarus
    10
    26
    5
    30
    55
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    
    ―
    58
    
    
    
    I
    
    10%
    1
    I
    
    
  
  
    Trophic level III (Omnivores)
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Omnivorous fishes
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Crabs
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Shrimps
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Polychaetes
    |
    remains
    1
    4601
    _
    J
    15%
    *
    Tw
    I
    1
    10
  
  
    
    706
    ―
    50
    
    
    
    35%
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Trophic level IV (Carnivores)
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Wild birds
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Snakes
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
    Carnivorous fishes: Japanese sea-perch, blind sea-bass, yellow-finned sea-bream, black sea- bream, tigerfish, argus fish.
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  

!
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