RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1961 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/vd6724704 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch ORASHKB and author 94 Vol 1 (1961) ISSN 1991-7295 mouth. After a fruitless argument with the Taoist master, No-cha wielded his weapon again and as Jan-têng raised his sleeve upwards an object was hurled into the air which emitted radiant beauty and when falling, enveloped No-cha in it and rendered him motionless. Jan-têng tapped it with his hand and flames broke out and made No-cha yield and acknowledge Li Ching as father and bow to him in humiliation. After the reconciliation had been made, Jan-têng Tao-jên instructed Li Ching to relinquish his official post and go into seclusion until the rise of King Wu, and gave to Li Ching the magic weapon which was a golden pagoda of elegant workmanship which would serve to safeguard No-cha from rebellion against his father and to consolidate the reconciliation. (Ch.14) 5. HSI-YU-CHI (“MONKEY") AND FENG-SHEN The story of No-cha as it appears prominently in Chapters 12-14 of the Fêng-shên Yen-i, is for the most part, I believe, the creation of the author except for those minute points which I have discussed. After having consulted the Tantric texts which I have already quoted, we can see that the fantastic story of the pagoda, though with some hints of being inspired by the texts, is a wholly fabulous invention and only by skilful ingenuity can it be made so natural and so plausible. In Ch.83 of Wu Ch'êng-ên's (AR) Hsi-yu-chi (“Pilgrimage to the West") which is no doubt an enlargement of the Hsi-yu-chi in the "Four Travels", there is a paragraph which seems to be either the origin of these Chapters (12-14) of the Fêng-shên Yen-i or a synopsis of these same chapters with variations. I am inclined to take the latter view and believe that the writing of Wu Ch'êng-ên's Hsi-yu-chi was later than this novel for these reasons: 36 35 (a) As I have pointed out elsewhere when discussing the magic lasso, the name Ya-lung Tung (Dragon-subduing Cave) of the Ya-lung Shan (Dragon-subduing Mountain) which appears in Ch.34 of Wu Ch'êng-ên's Hsi-yu-chi was derived from Ch.52 of the Fêng-shên Yen-i (Fei-lung Tung AM or Flying-dragon Cave of the Chia-lung Shan or Dragon-pinching Mountain). (b) In Ch.52 of Wu's Hsi-yu-chi, the eighteen Arhats tried with the sand of golden pills to subdue the devil, which sank its feet to the depth of more than three feet. This sand is derived from the Red-sand Array () in Ch.49 of the Fêng-shên Yen-i. 35 See Arthur Waley, Monkey, translation of chapters i-12, 13-5, 18-9, 22, 37-9, 44-6, 47-9, 98-100, London, George Allen & Unwin, 1943. 30 In my thesis "The Authorship of the Feng-shên Yen-i", pp. 178-80. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1962 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/9s166f47f NESTORIAN CROSSES 21 Nestorian community in his letters, and their king George, whom he converted from Nestorianism to the Catholic faith. The scattered references to the Nestorians in the accounts of the friars are confirmed by Marco Polo (1271-1295) who with his father and uncle can represent for us the second group of travelling merchants. Everywhere through Central Asia and China Marco found Nestorian Christians, usually in the service of the Court, and probably more often than not of Syrian, Persian or Turkish race, employed as administrative officials by the alien government on account of their high standard of literacy. Marco Polo also confirms the existence of a Nestorian Christian tribe with their Christian king George (whom he confuses with Prester John as Odoric also does) at the Yellow River bend. It seems likely that the name 'Tenduc' which he gives to the region is the early pronunciation of T'ien-tê which was an old name of the present city of Kuei-hua{ in that region, near which is the important market town of Pao-t'ou in which Mr. P. M. Scott found the first fourteen crosses of our paper. Similarly the Tozan of Odoric may be identified with Tung-sheng, an early name for the same region. The Christian Mongol tribe situated by the Ordos bend of the Yellow River is known from various sources to have been the Onguts (Wang-ku people), to which Marco Polo refers, though confusedly, in calling their king Ung-Khan. These facts are confirmed in a remarkable way by a Syriac document describing a pilgrimage of two Eastern Nestorian monks—one an Ongut, the other of Uigur stock—from their monastery near Peking to the seat of the Nestorian Patriarch in Mesopotamia in A.D. 1278. In the course of their journey they visited the Christian Ongut tribe by the Yellow River bend, and from them received a touching farewell.19 IV. NESTORIAN RELICS IN CHINA AND MONGOLIA With the expulsion of the Mongols from China at the fall of the Yuan dynasty in A.D. 1368, the Christianity both Nestorian and Franciscan that had been associated with their regime disappeared. 17 Letters of Montecorvino, see Yule, op. cit., and Moule, op. cit., pp. 171 ff. 18 Yule, The Book of Ser Marco Polo, revised by Cordier, London, Murray, 1903. 19 Budge, The Monks of Kublai Khan, London, R.T.S. 1928. Page 30 Page 31 ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1967 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/0c488p70g EXPANSION AND EXTENSION IN HAKKA SOCIETY 79 NG, R. 1965 'Economic Life and the Family', Aspects of Social Organization in the New Territories, (Hong Kong, Royal Asiatic Society, Hong Kong Branch) n.d. N.T. Report 1900 1900 'Report on the New Territory during the First Year of British Administration', Papers Laid Before the Legislative Council of Hongkong 1900, (Hongkong, Noronha and Co., Government Printers). N.T. Report 1899-1912 1912 'Report on the New Territories 1899-1912", Papers Laid Before the Legislative Council of Hongkong 1912, (Hongkong, Noronha and Co., Government Printers). N.T. Report 1917 1918 'Report on the New Territories for the Year 1917, Administrative Reports for the Year 1917, (Hongkong, Noronha and Co., Government Printers). PRATT, J. 1960 'Emigration and Unilineal Descent Groups: A Study of Marriage in a Hakka Village in the New Territories, Hong Kong', The Eastern Anthropologists, Vol. xiii, S., D. W. 1900 European Settlements in the Far East, (London, Sampson, Low and Marston). SCPH H.K. Chinese 1965 H.K. Chinese in Britain Now Number 35,000, South China Post-Herald, Sept. 12th, Hong Kong. SIU, P. 1952 'The Sojourner', The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 58. SKINNER, G. W. 1964/65 'Marketing and Social Structure in Rural China', The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. xxiv. TOPLEY, M. 1964 'Capital, Saving and Credit among Indigenous Rice Farmers and Immigrant Vegetable Farmers in Hong Kong's New Territories', Capital, Saving and Credit in Peasant Societies, Studies from Asia, Oceania, the Caribbean, and Middle America, R. Firth and B. S. Yamey, eds, (London, George Allen and Unwin). TREGEAR, T. R. and L. BERRY 1959 The Development of Hongkong and Kowloon as told in maps, (Hong Kong, University of Hong Kong Press). VAILLANT, L. 1920 'Contribution à l'étude anthropologique des chinois Hak-ka de la province de Moncay (Tonking)', L'Anthropologie, Vol. 30. WILLMOTT, W. E. 1964 'Chinese Clan Associations in Vancouver, Man, Vol. lxiv. YANG, C. K. 1959 A Chinese Village in Early Communist Transition, (Cambridge, Mass, The Technology Press). ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1970 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/ww72j0241 188 NOTES AND QUERIES But luckily for them and for me, the prophet's prediction proved to be an invention of his own, and nobody was injured but his own reputation. Hong Kong, May 1969. JAMES HAYES HEMP A few years ago, I wrote about itinerant Hakka craftsmen who came regularly to some of the New Territories villages to weave locally grown hemp-flax into cloth for making clothes (see the 1968 Journal, pp. 162-165). In the course of reading and making further enquiries, more information has become available that may interest readers of my earlier note on this now relatively obscure subject. A few words of background may serve to show that the disappearance of this crop and this craft from Hong Kong in comparatively recent times signals the end of a practice that must have been followed from time immemorial in this region and elsewhere. Hemp constituted the main source of textiles in China until the introduction of cotton from the tenth or eleventh centuries A.D. According to M. Loewe's Everyday Life in Early Imperial China (London, B.T. Batsford, Ltd., 1968), the planting of hemp for the coarse raiment in which most of the population was clothed was already one of the farmer's main occupations in the Han time (202 B.C.-A.D. 200) along with another prime necessity, grain for food. Fragments of a short text on husbandry ascribed to Ts'ui Shih (c. 100-170) set out a yearly programme of activities for the farmer and his household and include instructions on the cultivation and use of hemp. Unfortunately, however, despite the use of hemp clothing by the bulk of the Han population, it is of silk fabrics that most is known today. By the late Sung period in the mid-13th century, ordinary people still wore clothes made of hempen cloth since cotton, too, was a luxury, though its use had begun to spread (see Jacques Gernet Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion, 1250-1276 (London, George Allen and Unwin, 1962, p. 130). The description of the planting, preparation, and processing of hemp that follows is taken from pp. 205-208 of Samuel... ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1970 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/ww72j0241 188 NOTES AND QUERIES But luckily for them and for me, the prophet's prediction proved to be an invention of his own, and nobody was injured but his own reputation. Hong Kong, May 1969. JAMES HAYES HEMP A few years ago, I wrote about itinerant Hakka craftsmen who came regularly to some of the New Territories villages to weave locally grown hemp-flax into cloth for making clothes (see the 1968 Journal, pp. 162-165). In the course of reading and making further enquiries, more information has become available that may interest readers of my earlier note on this now relatively obscure subject. A few words of background may serve to show that the disappearance of this crop and this craft from Hong Kong in comparatively recent times signals the end of a practice that must have been followed from time immemorial in this region and elsewhere. Hemp constituted the main source of textiles in China until the introduction of cotton from the tenth or eleventh centuries A.D. According to M. Loewe's Everyday Life in Early Imperial China (London, B.T. Batsford, Ltd., 1968), the planting of hemp for the coarse raiment in which most of the population was clothed was already one of the farmer's main occupations in the Han time (202 B.C.-A.D. 200) along with another prime necessity, grain for food. Fragments of a short text on husbandry ascribed to Ts'ui Shih (c. 100-170) set out a yearly programme of activities for the farmer and his household and include instructions on the cultivation and use of hemp. Unfortunately, however, despite the use of hemp clothing by the bulk of the Han population, it is of silk fabrics that most is known today. By the late Sung period in the mid-13th century, ordinary people still wore clothes made of hempen cloth since cotton, too, was a luxury, though its use had begun to spread (see Jacques Gernet Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion, 1250-1276 (London, George Allen and Unwin, 1962, p. 130). The description of the planting, preparation, and processing of hemp that follows is taken from pp. 205-208 of Samuel ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1973 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/8910rj06r NOTES AND QUERIES 155 This calendar gives the following information for each of the 38 items in the collection, and in the following order: Item number (the Xerox copies have this no. in red at the top right corner) Date (for the two undated items, 16 and 17, approximate dates are assigned) Name of vessel and of master if stated (in many cases these have had to be confirmed from other sources) Ports of origin and delivery Consignor and consignee Quantity and nature of goods Remarks The list is followed by an index, showing in one alphabetical sequence the names of vessels, masters, ports, firms and goods, with relevant item numbers. In the list spellings follow the original, but in the index names have been standardized, with any necessary references from variant forms. 1. 1824 Sept. 24 SHERBURNE George White River Hooghly to Canton: Meren & Co. to Chs. Magniac & Co. 577 (or 227?) bales of cotton each 300 lb. 200 bales of cotton each 200 lb. 170 bales of cotton each 150 lb. 2. 1825 April 23 ANN William Allen Bombay to Lintin: Cowasjee Byramjee to Sorabjee and Simjee 15 chests of opium "The opium is to be transhipped immediately on the Ann's arrival off Lintin . . .” 3. 1827 April 30 MEROPE G. Parkyns Hoogly to Canton: Alexander & Co. to Magniac & Co. 25 chests of Patna opium 25 chests of Benares opium 4. 1827 May 24 CASSADOR J.A. da Silva Damão to Macao: Sr Caramichand Semechand [?] to [?] 51 boxes of Anfião de Malva In Portuguese 5. 1828 May 3 DOM MANUEL DE PORTUGAL J.M. de Taria Damão to Macao: Sr Tarachand Motechand [?] to [?] 25 boxes of Anfião de Malva In Portuguese ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1974 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/x633mp077 134 JAMES HAYES Sung Hok Pang, 'Legends and Stories of the New Territories, Part III, Kam Tin', The Hong Kong Naturalist, in six instalments between December 1935 March 1938. 'Ts' in Fuk (), being an account of how part of the coast of South China was cleared of inhabitants from the first year of Hong Hei (4) 1662 to the 8th year of Hong Hei 1669', The Hong Kong Naturalist, Vol. IX, Nos. 1 and 2, November 1939, pp. 37-42. Szczesniak, Boleslaw, The Opening of Japan. A Diary of Discovery in the Far East, 1853-1856 (by Rear Admiral George Henry Preble. U.S.N.). Norman, Arizona, University of Oklahoma Press. Tronson, I. M., Personal Narrative.... London, Smith, Elder, 1859. Waley, Arthur, Yuan Mei, 18th Century Chinese Poet, London, George Allen and Unwin, 1956. Williams, S. Wells, A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language, Shanghai, American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1874. OFFICIAL REPORTS Annual Departmental Reports from 1946 on, published by the Government Printer, Hong Kong. [ADR] Administrative Reports, being annual departmental reports, 1909-1940, published by the Government Printer under this head, and bound together in series in the library of the Colonial Secretariat, Hong Kong. [AR] Earlier annual reports by departments bound into Sessional Papers (Papers presented to the Legislative Council of Hong Kong), printed in Hong Kong by the Government Printer and available in the library of the Colonial Secretariat, Hong Kong. [SP] Annual Colony Reports from 1946 on, published in Hong Kong by the Government Printer, [CR] Hong Kong Hansard. The proceedings of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong were published in yearly volumes under this title from the early 1890s on, by a number of publishers, and the Government Printer after the Pacific War. [Hansard] In Chinese Chang lineage of Pui O, South Lantao, Hong Kong ********* * Family Record A. Copied in manuscript in the 1930s from an earlier version. Chang lineage of Pui O, South Lantao, Hong Kong **4❀❀**❀ **, Family Record (not identical with the above as it came from another branch of the family) ✯✯✯✯. In manuscript. Last compiled in 1927. Chin Wen-mo (preface) #. Gazetteer of the Hsin-an District ### 13 chuan, revised edition, 1688. [HNHC 1688] Chou K'uang B, Ch'eng Yeh-chung and others. Summary of historical researches on Kwangtung ★★***. 46 chuan, 1894. [KTKKCY] ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1978 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/8g84t8593 VILLAGE GOVERNMENT IN CHINA, 1933 167 Huc, M.; The Chinese Empire: Forming a Sequel to the Work Entitled "Recollections of a Journey Through Tartary and Tibet". 2nd ed., 2 vols.; London, Longman, 1855. Huc, M.; L'Empire Chinois: Faisant Suite à L'Ouvrage Intitulé "Souvenirs d'un Voyage dans la Tartarie et le Thibet". 2nd ed., 2 vols.; Paris, Gaume Frères, 1855. Hummel, Arthur W.; "The Case Against Force in Chinese Philosophy" (Chinese Social and Political Science Review, vol. 9, 1925, p. 334-350). Jamieson, G.; Chinese Family and Commercial Law. Shanghai, Kelly and Walsh, 1921. Kulp, Daniel H.; Country Life in South China: The Sociology of Familism. Vol. 1: Phenix Village, Kwantung, China. New York, Columbia, 1925. Lee, Mabel Ping-Hua; The Economic History of China, with Special Reference to Agriculture. New York, Columbia, 1921. Leong, Y.K., and Tao, L.K.; Village and Town Life in China. London, Allen and Unwin, 1915. Li, Chi; The Formation of the Chinese People; an Anthropological Inquiry. Cambridge, Harvard, 1928. Mallory, Walter H.; China: Land of Famine. New York, American Geographical Society, 1926. (American Geographical Society, Special Publication no. 6.) Malone, C.B., and Tayler, J.B.; The Study of Chinese Rural Economy. Peking, China International Famine Relief Commission, Series B, no. 10, 1924. (Reprinted from: Chinese Social and Political Science Review, vol. 7, no. 4, 1923, p. 88-101; and vol. 8, no. 1, 1924, p. 196-226.) Martin, W.A.P.; "The Worship of Ancestors a Plea for Toleration" (Records of the General Conference of the Protestant Missionaries of China. 1890. Shanghai, American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1890. p. 619-631). Maspero, Henri; La Chine Antique. Paris, Boccard, 1927. Maspero, Henri; "La Vie Privée en Chine à l'Epoque des Han." (Revue des Arts Asiatiques, vol. 7, 1931-1932, p. 185-201). Maybon, B.; Essai sur les Associations en Chine. Paris, Plon-Nourrit et Cie, 1925. Meadows, Thomas T.; Desultory Notes on the Government and People of China. London, Allen, 1847. Morse, Hosea B.; The Trade and Administration of the Chinese Empire. Shanghai, Kelly and Walsh, 1908. Shryock, John; The Temples of Anking and Their Cults: a Study of Modern Chinese Religion. Paris, Geuthner, 1931. Smith, Arthur H.; Village Life in China; a Study in Sociology. New York, Revel, 1898. Staunton, George T. (translator); Ta Tsing Leu Lee, Being the Fundamental Laws, and a Selection from the Supplementary Statutes of the Penal Code of China. London, Cadell and Davies, 1810. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1978 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/8g84t8593 VILLAGE GOVERNMENT IN China, 1933 169 Hsu, Leonard S.; Study of a Typical Chinese Town. Peiping, Leader, 1929. Hsu, Leonard S.; Poverty and Population in China. Rome, Instituto Poligrafico Dello Stato, 1932. Jamieson, George; "Tenure of Land in China and the Condition of Rural Population" (Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 23, 1888, p. 59-174). Jernigan, Thomas R.; China in Law and Commerce. New York, Macmillan, 1905. Kiang, Kang-hu; "The Chinese Family System" (The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 152, 1930, p. 39-48). Kou, Ki-young; La Sous Prefecture Chinoise; Etude de son Administration Actuelle, Origine — Organization — Services. Shanghai, Aurore University, 1930. Kuo, Wen-kuen; "A Critical Exposition of the Essence of Chinese Family Law" (Chinese Social and Political Science Review, vol. 1, no. 2, 1916, p. 21-36). Lee, F. C. H. and Chin, T.; Village Families in the Vicinity of Peiping. Peiping, China Foundation, Social Research Department (Bull. no. 2) 1929. Li, Chuan-shih; Central and Local Finance in China. New York, Columbia, 1922. Liu, D. K. and Chen, Chung-min; "Statistics of Farm Land in China" (Chinese Economic Journal, vol. 2, no. 3, 1928, p. 181-213). Maspero, Henri; "The Origins of the Chinese Civilizations" (in Smithsonian Institution. Annual Report for 1927, p. 433-452. (Bishop, Carl W., translator.)) Tao, L. K.; "The Chinese District Magistrate" (Chinese Social and Political Science Review, vol. 1, no. 1, 1916, p. 56-68; no. 2, 1916, p. 48-61). Tao, L. K.; "A Chinese Village Community" (Journal of the Anglo-Chinese Friendship Bureau, vol. 2, no. 3, 1917, p. 25-35). Tawney, R. H.; Land and Labor in China. London, Allen and Unwin, 1932. Williams, S. Wells; The Middle Kingdom. Revised ed., 2 vols.; New York, Scribners, 1883. Yen, James Y. C.; The Mass Education Movement in China. Shanghai, Commercial Press, 1925. Yen, Kia-lok; "The Basis of Democracy in China" (International Journal of Ethics, vol. 28, 1918, p. 197-219). A SELECT LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS IN CHINESE TEXT ON RURAL GOVERNMENT (關於“村治”之中文新書目錄選) This bibliography was drawn up by the National Library of Peiping. In order to get both a smooth and an accurate translation ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1981 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/ff36bt18m 212 LOÈS, Dr. Sabine de WONG, Mr Kwok Fong LOSEBY, Miss Patricia LUK, Mr. George Ping-chuen WONG, Mr Peng-cheong YEUNG, Mr Walter W.T. LUM, Miss Ada MACKENZIE, Mr. John MACKEOWN, Dr. P.K. MARDEN, Mrs. J.L. MCCRARY, Mr. Michael MCINTYRE, Mr. W.M. MCKEIRNAN, Rev. Michael NORONHA, Mr. J.E. OGDEN, Mr. B.J.N. OU, Miss G. PAIN, Mr. John H. PICCUS, Mr. R.P. RAE, Mr. John Allan RAWLINSON, Mr. M.C. RAYNER, Dr. Mary RIDE, Lady May RUST, Mr. H.A. RYDINGS, Mr. H.A., MBE SEED, Mr. Brian SELLETT, Mr. George SERSALE, Miss Shelia M. SHAW, Dr Brian C. SHAW, Mrs Felicity SMITH, Rev. Carl. T. SMITH, Mr Leslie C. SPOONER, Mr Michael G. SU, Dr Chung Jen TAN, Mr Khek-seng TANG, Sir Shiu-kin, CBE TANG, Mrs Madeleine THOMAS, Mr Louis F. THOMPSON, Mr. P.J. THROWER, Prof. L.B. THROWER, Dr Stella TON CHEN, Mrs Chp-ching TORRIBLE, Mr Graham R. URE, Mr Gavin M.N, WATSON, Mr K.A. WAUNG, Mr William Sikying WEINREBE, Mr Harry M. WERLE, Ms Helga WESLEY-SMITH, Dr Peter WILLIAMS, Mr Roger WILLIAMS, Mr Bernard V. WILLIAMS, Mr & Mrs W.D.F. WINKLER, Mrs E. YOUNG, Miss Pauline INSTITUTIONAL MEMBER AGRICULTURE & FISHERIES DEPT. The Director LOCAL ORDINARY MEMBERS ABBOTT, Mrs Elizabeth Lee ADDIS, Mr Stewart ADDIS, Mrs Diana AIKEN, Mrs Lorna AKERS-JONES, Mr D. ALLCOCK, Mr R.C. ARCHER, The Hon. Mrs S. ASHCROFT, Miss Jacqueline P. AUM, Mr K.N. BARD, Dr S.M. BARRETTO, Mr Ruy 0. BATSON, Lt. Col. J.F.S. BEHRENS, Mr Ernst H. BERTRAM, Mr James BIRCH, Dr Alan BLAIKLEY, Mr P.E. BONAVIA, Mrs Judith E. BOWMAN, Mr S.A.W. BOWMAN, Mrs Dorothy BOYLAN, Mrs. Catherine BRAGA, Mr Paul BRAMWELL, Mr Hartley BRANDON, Miss Jacqueline N. BRAUN, Mr Francis BRAY, Miss Jennifer M. BROMFIELD, Mr A.C. BROMFIELD, Mrs Jeanne BROOM, Mr Michael B. BROUWER, Mrs R.P. BROWN, Mr Edward de R. BROWN, Mr Gerald H. BROWN, Dr H.O. BURNS, Dr John P. CAMERON, Mr Nigel CAMERON, Mrs Susan CAMPBELL, Mr Mark C. CANTERS, Mr Rene CAREY-HUGHES, Dr John CENTRE OF ASIAN STUDIES ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1982 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/mk61z420p 97 * For Fang Han-ch'i, see Note 10. Li Ming-jen "I-pa-ssu nien Hsiang-kang pa-kung yün-tung" ("The Strike in Hong Kong in 1884), Li-shih yen-chiu (Historical Studies), 1958:3 (March, 1958) 89-90. Lloyd E. Eastman, "The Kwangtung anti-foreign disturbances during the Sino-French War", Papers on China, 13 (1959) 1-31, Lewis M. Chere, "The Hong Kong Riots of October 1884: Evidence for Chinese Nationalism", JHKBRAS, Vol. 20 (1980), p. 54. * Chinese Prisoners, Papers respecting the confinement and trial of Chinese prisoners in Hong Kong 1857 (155, Sess. 2) XLIII, Great Britain, Parliamentary Papers (Shannon, Ireland: Irish University Press, 1971) Vol. 24: China, pp. 151-188. For a narration of the event see James Pope-Hennessy, Half Crown Colony: A Hong Kong Note Book (London: Jonathan Cape, 1969), pp. 55-58. Marsh to Parkes, 4th October, 1884, enclosed in F.O. to C.O., 2nd February, 1885: CO129/224. Marsh to Parkes, 6th October, 1884, Telegram enclosed in F.O. to C.O., 9th December, 1884: CO129/219. Tsungli Yamen to Parkes, 10th October, 1884, enclosed in F.O. to C.O., 13th December, 1884; ibid. **For Paou-chong, see Ordinance No. 13 of 1844; for Tepo, see Ordinance No. 3 of 1853; for the Registrar-General, see Ordinance No. 7 of 1846. The Registrar-General's duties were redefined by Ordinance No. 6 of 1857, and again by Ordinance No. 8 of 1858. For the Chinese elite, see Carl Smith's works cited in Note No. 59. See also his "An Early Hong Kong Success Story: Wei Akwong, the Beggar Boy", Chung Chi Bulletin No. 45 (December 1968), pp. 9-14; "English-educated Chinese Elites in Nineteenth Century Hong Kong", Symposium Paper, Royal Asiatic Society, Hong Kong Branch, (November 1972), pp. 65-96; and H.J. Lethbridge, "A Chinese Association in Hong Kong: the Tung Wah", "The Evolution of a Chinese Voluntary Association in Hong Kong: The Po Leung Kuk" and "The District Watch Committee: The Chinese Executive Council of Hong Kong?" in his Hong Kong: Stability and Change. **Marianne Bastid, "The Social Context of Reform” in Paul A. Cohen and John E. Schrecker, ed., Reform in Nineteenth Century China (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976), pp. 117-127; 118. Li Tak Cheong was a director in 1872, chairman in 1883, and a hip-li in 1873 and 1884. Ho Amei was chairman in 1882 and a hip-li in 1883. Leong On was a founding chairman, and chairman again in 1877 and 1887, and was a hip-li in 1872, 1878 and 1888. **Ho Kai's father, Ho Fuk Tong and his brother-in-law Wu T'ing-fang were both founding chi-shi. See Note No. 34. Marsh to Derby, 24th March, 1886, Despatch No. 91: CO129/225. **This refers to a meeting called by Europeans in Hong Kong to discuss the rise of crime which they believed resulted from the leniency of the new Governor Hennessy. Some of the Chinese leaders however supported him and the meeting developed into a confrontation between Europeans and Chinese residents in Hong Kong. See James Pope-Hennessy, Verandah (London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.), pp. 203-205. This was also fully reported in the Daily Press and China Mail throughout October 1878. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1983 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/j9607p61v 170 Glassburner, Bruce, and James Riedel. 1972. “Government in The Economy of Hong Kong", Economic Record 48, No. 1: 58-75. Heilbroner, Robert Louis. 1964. "The View From The Top: Reflections on a Changing Business Ideology". In The Business Establishment, ed. by E.F. Cheit, New York, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 1-36. Hirschmeier, Johannes. 1964. The Origins of Entrepreneurship in Meiji Japan. Cambridge, Harvard University Press. Ho, Ping-ti. 1962. The Ladder of Success in Imperial China: Aspects of Social Mobility, 1368-1911. New York and London, Columbia University Press. Hong Kong Cotton Spinners Association. 1973. "Annual Reports of The General Committee". Hong Kong, The Association, mimeographed. King, Ambrose Y.C., and Davy H.K. Leung, 1975. "The Chinese Touch in Small Industrial Organization". Hong Kong, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Social Research Centre, occasional paper. Levy, Marion J., Jr. 1955. “Contrasting Factors in The Modernization of China and Japan". In Economic Growth: Brazil, India, Japan, ed. by S. Kuznets, W.E. Moore, and J.J. Spengler, Durham, Duke University Press, pp. 496-536. McClelland, David C. 1963. "Motivational Patterns in Southeast Asia with Special Reference to the Chinese Case". The Journal of Social Issues 19, No. 1: 6-19. Mannheim, Karl. 1936. Ideology and Utopia. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul. Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. (1888) 1967. The Communist Manifesto. Harmondsworth, Penguin Books. Mayer, K. 1953. "Business Enterprise: Traditional Symbol of Opportunity". British Journal of Sociology 4, No. 2: 160-180. Miners, Norman, 1981. The Government and Politics of Hong Kong. Hong Kong, Oxford University Press. Nichols, Theo. 1969. Ownership, Control, and Ideology: An Inquiry Into Certain Aspects of Modern Business Ideology. London, George Allen and Unwin. Oksenberg, Michel. 1972. "Management Practices in The Hong Kong Cotton Spinning and Weaving Industry." Paper read at seminar on Modern East Asia, Columbia University. Olson, Stephen M. 1972. "The Inculcation of Economic Values in Taipei Business Families". In Economic Organization in Chinese Society, ed. by William F. Willmott, Stanford, Stanford University Press, pp. 261-296. Owen, Nicholas C. 1971. "Economic Policy in Hong Kong". In Hong Kong: The Industrial Colony, ed. by Keith Hopkins, Hong Kong, Oxford University Press. Pan, F.K. 1974. "The Simple Truth of Management and Maintenance”, a lecture delivered on 21st June, Hong Kong. Ryan, Edward, 1961. "The Value System of a Chinese Community in Java". Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University. Seider, Maynard S. 1974. "American Big Business Ideology: A Content Analysis of Executive Speeches". American Sociological Review 39, No. 6: 802-815. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1987 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/rx919b522 105 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF PERSONS BURIED IN THE PROTESTANT CEMETERY, MAKATI, RIZAL TO BE TRANSFERRED TO MANILA MEMORIAL PARK Date of death Name Date of death Name 12.6.1944 AARON, Margaret Tyre ADAMS, Henry Not known AEROBE (baby) 26.4.1886 AHR-LEGER, Suzanne 5.10.1919 AITKEN, Charles H W 2.3.1921 AITKEN, Mary Louise 29.10.1952 ALFON, Jose 21.4.1919 ALKAN, Camille 3.10.1915 ALLEN, George 15.4.1906 ALLINSON, James 20.5.1918 AMER, Basserody 14.11.1904 AMOLOCHITIS, John 30.6.1962 ANDERSON, James 20.11.1936 ANDERSON, William 6.4.1908 Roberts ANDREWS, James 27.1.1894 ANDREWS, Richard 31.8.1900 Montgomerie Henry ARMSTRONG, George 12.11.1920 ATKINSON, Dorothy 20.6.1925 AULE, John 30.9.1889 AYLETT, William 20.8.1880 BAALK, Emil Ch. M 13.8.1878 BACKHOUSE, C 18.3.1903 BAEL, Joe 25.9.1919 BAENZIGER, Gustav Adolph 27.10.1899 BALLEY, George 3.9.1909 BARKAS, Gabriel 25.4.1938 BARNES (still-born) 25.1.1923 BARNETT, Edward 8.5.1936 BARR, Robert 24.1.1926 BARRIOS, Raphael Plaza 28.4.1960 BATCHELLOR, John 8.1920 BAUEN, G William Not known BENZIE, John M 12.5.1925 BERGACKER, Johanna Maria 3.10.1963 BERNARD, Son of M L 8.7.1881 BERNSTEIN, Simon 13.3.1900 BETZ, Max 11.9.1882 BIERMANN, Fritz 12.1903 BINDER, Heinrich 22.8.1892 BIRD, Isaac J BLACK, John Gordon 22.2.1870 BLANCO, Emilio Palomov 6.8.1964 BOIE, Reinhold 14.9.1896 BLAIR, William A BLOCH, Leon Not known BOLLWILL, DE 6.7.1887 BOLTON, Edwin 10.12.1920 BONIFACE, Mark Graham 15.1.1945 BOUNTIFF, Eliza 13.11.1918 BOWER, I H 19.3.1899 BRAMHALL, J C 7.5.1868 BRAMMER, Agnes 26.8.1902 BARMMER, Heinrich 2.9.1898 BRAMMER, Otto Franz Ernst Rudolf Hugo 15.9.1893 BRAMMER, Pauline 8.10.1901 BRAMMER, Richard 20.11.1900 BRAMWELL, Geoffrey 17.1.1915 BRAUN, Max Francis 12.4.1909 BREMER, Adelisa 25.1.1962 BREMER, Ann Marie 25.9.1961 BREMER, Dennis 30.11.1941 BRENNER, Issac 2.9.1915 BRETTHAUER, G Luísa Gonzales de 6.1903 BRIGENDIRE, Maria 10.1.1945 BROUGH, Robert BRIDGE, Harry 27.12.1922 BROOK, John Evans 24.2.1902 BROWN, Bright 18.6.1921 16.12.1913 ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1990 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/d79206299 22 "help to reinforce in the young certain clearly-defined modes of behaviour and ways of looking at the world regarded as acceptable to the community”. 43 Even after making every allowance for the variable gap between Confucian indoctrination and the degree of acceptance among Chinese individuals, and for human behaviour in practice as opposed to precept, it has seemed to me that some great and tangible quality, part of the legacy of the old order of “right minded-ness” in doing and thinking, had manifested itself in the people of Tsuen Wan in those crucial decades. It was certainly something that made all the difference to the execution of the Hong Kong Government's schemes for developments. There is, of course, another and more pessimistic view to be taken, which would attribute the people's behaviour less to cultural characteristics and ethical indoctrination than to the fact that they were still part of the "peasant masses". In at least one historian's mind, the **peasant masses** had still in the then fairly recent Republican period: “continued to be supernumeraries as they had been throughout Chinese history, the anonymous human dough that suffered and submitted, the governed..." 44 resigned to poverty and what it brought as their fate; and that moreover, in a country of whose society Dr. Sun Yat-sen had once quipped that it "was composed of only two classes, the very poor and the less poor". Nevertheless, whilst accepting that poverty and acceptance of fate had undoubtedly played their part in Tsuen Wan's postwar saga, I much prefer an interpretation which is more complex and accommodating; allowing more scope for the human quality that is so visible in this narrative, and for the liveliness and enterprise so abundantly observable in the people who went to live there in those spartan and difficult times. NOTES R.O. Joliffe in Yi-fang Wu and Frank W. Price, China Rediscovers Her West, A Symposium (London, George Allen and Unwin, 1942), pp. 20-21. See, too, the almost identical estimate given nearly forty years before by the well-known American missionary Dr. Arthur H. Smith in The Uplift of China (London, Church Missionary Society, 1908), pp. 49-50. Page 45 Page 46 ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1991 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/k356gt84j 37 history) Hong Kong, Xinya Yanjiusuo Rawski, Thomas G. 1970. Chinese Dominance of Treaty Port Commerce and its Implications, 1860-1875. In Explorations in Economic History 7/4, 451-73. Redding, Gordon S. 1991. Weak Organizations and Strong Linkages: Managerial Ideology and Chinese Family Business Networks. In Gary Hamilton (edited), 30-47. Rhoads, Edward J. 1975. China's Republican Revolution: the Case of Kwangtung. Cambridge and Massachusetts, Harvard University Press. 1977. Merchants Associations in Canton, 1895-1911. In William Skinner (edited), 97-117. Rowe, William T. 1984. Hankow: Commerce and Society in a Chinese City, 1796-1889. Stanford, Stanford University Press. Sekkó Zaibatsu (The Zhejiang financial clique). Edited by Mantetsu Shanhai Jimusho. Shanhai, Mantetsu Jimusho, 1929. Shanghai duiwai maoyi (Shanghai foreign trade, 1840-1949). Compiled by Shanghai Shehui Kexueyuan Jingji Yanjiusuo and Shanghai-shi Guoji Maoyi Xuehui Xueshu Waiyuanhui. Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press, 1989. Shanghai Sojourners. Edited by Frederic Wakeman and Wen-hsin Yeh. Berkeley, Institute for East Asian Studies, University of California, 1992. Sinn, Elizabeth. 1989. Power and Charity: The Early History of the Tung Wah Hospital. Hong Kong, Hong Kong Oxford University Press. Skinner, William G. 1974 (edited). The Chinese City: City Between Two Worlds. Stanford, Stanford University Press. 1976. Mobility Strategies in Late Imperial China: A Regional-System Analysis. In Regional Analysis, Volume One: Economic Systems, 327-64. Edited by Carol A. Smith. New York, Academic Press. 1977 (edited). The City in Late Imperial China. Stanford, Stanford University Press. Smith, Carl T. 1983. Compradores of the Hongkong Bank. In Frank H. H. King (edited), 93-111. 1985. Chinese Christians: Elites, Middlemen, and the Church in Hong Kong. Hong Kong, Oxford University Press. 1993. Hong Kong Chinese Wills, 1850-1890. Unpublished paper presented at the International Conference on Folk Documents and Regional Society in South China, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Su, Waigong. 1933. Xianggang, Shanghai, Guangzhou shangye mingrenlu (Prominent business characters of Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Canton). Shanghai, Shangye Bianshu Gongsi. Topley, Marjorie. 1964. Capital, Savings and Credit among Indigenous Rice Farmers and Immigrant Vegetable Farmers in Hong Kong's New Territories. In Capital, Saving and Credit in Peasant Societies: Studies from Asia, Oceania, the Caribbean and Middle America, 157-86. Edited by Raymond Firth and B. S. Yamey. London, George Allen & Unwin. 1968. The Role of Savings and Wealth among Hong Kong Chinese. In Hong Kong: A Society in Transition, 167-227. Edited by Ian C. Jarvie and Joseph Agassi. New York, Frederick A. Prager. Toyama, Gunji. 1944. Shanhai Dota: Go Kensho (The Shanghai taotai Wu Jianzhang). In Gakkai 1/7, 45-54. 1945. Shanhai no shinsho: Yo Bo (A gentry-merchant in Shanghai: Yang Fang). In Toyoshi Kenkyu 1/4, 17-34. Tsai, Jung-fang. 1975. Comprador Ideologists in Modern China: Ho Kai (Ho Chi, 1859-1914) and Hu Li-Yuan (1847-1916). PhD thesis, University of California, Los Angeles. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1994 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/zk522640g subject when Governor John Pope Hennessy planned to appoint him as His Excellency's personal secretary in charge of affairs relating to the Chinese. The British merchants were opposed to the Governor creating an office where he would have more direct communication with the Chinese. Due to their opposition, Eitel never occupied such a position. In 1895, he published Europe in China, a detailed history of Hong Kong up to that date. Club Germania A club for Germans was started in 1859 in Wanchai in an unpretentious building. The German-speaking population at the time would have been very small. There were three German firms and two stores conducted by Germans. Within two years, the community almost doubled. It was small, but still large enough to provide a social centre for the community. In 1865, George Michelmore advertised the opening of a hotel in premises "which were formerly known as the German Club". It was below the Headquarters House, now Flagstaff House, off the present Cotton Tree Drive. This may have been the second location of the Club, as an article written in 1909 states that the first building was in "an outlying section of Wanchai", a description which does not fit a location on what is now Cotton Tree Drive (DP, 17 May, 1865). The club moved in 1865 to a new building erected by Gustav Overbeck at the top of Wyndham Street, just south of D'Aguilar Street. But the German population was increasing, and the Germania Club decided to build a more commodious building. This was on the east side of Wyndham Street off Queen's Road. The new building was opened in 1872. It was a brick building in the Gothic style. The architects were Messrs Wilson and Salway. The cost was $21,000. Thirteen granite steps led to the entrance, and the main hall. On either side of the hall was a billiard room and a reading room. On the same level was a library room and a bar. The Concert Hall was approached by a flight of seven-foot-wide stairs. The Hall accommodated 275 persons; on either side was a drawing room and a dining room. There were accommodations for sixty in the dining room. Four bowling alleys were in the rear of the building (HKT, 27 Nov. 1909). The building served the community well until again it became too small, and another building was erected on Kennedy Road. This building became enemy alien property in 1914 and passed into the hands of St. Joseph's College. The College is still located in the building. Page 30 Page 31 ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1998 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/1g05n0794 46 Jones, Russell (1997), Chinese Names, the Traditions Surrounding the Use of Chinese Surnames and Personal Names, Pelanduk Publications. Kao, George (1946), Chinese Wit and Humour, Coward-McCann, New York. Karlgren, Bernhard (1971), Sound and Symbol in Chinese, Hong Kong University Press. Lee, Lily Xiao Hong and Sue Wiles (1999), Women of the Long March, Allen and Unwin. Edited extract South China Morning Post, 'Saturday Review,' 'Women on the March' 20 February 1999. Lee, Sherry (1999, February 2), 'Reviving the art of Silent Gestures,' Hong Kong Standard, 'Life' supplement. Lexikon der Ägyptologie (1997), 'Humour.' Lin Yutang (1937), The Importance of Living, Reynal & Hitchcock, New York. (1936), My Country and My People, William Heinemann. Lindsay, Oliver (1978), The Lasting Honour, the Fall of Hong Kong 1941, Hamish Hamilton. Little, Jennifer (1998, June 25), 'Chinese Kiwi Comic Gags Racial Stereotypes,' Hong Kong Standard. Liu, D.H. (1995), 'The Peking Opera,' Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch Journal, Vol. 35. Mathews, Jay and Linda (1983), One Billion, a China Chronicle, Ballantine Books, New York. McGregor, Richard (1997, August 22), 'Interpreters' nightmares,' South China Morning Post. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1998 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/1g05n0794 47 Meredith, George (1956), ‘An Essay on Comedy,’ Comedy, John Hopkins University Press. Minchin, James (1986) No Man is an Island, A Study of Lee Kuan Yew's Singapore, Allen and Unwin. Muir, Frank (1990), The Oxford Book of Humorous Prose, From William Caxton to P.G. Wodehouse, a Conducted Tour, Oxford University Press. Orwell, George (1945), 'The Art of Donald McGill,' Collected Essays, Mercury Books No 17. Pan, Lynn (1990), Sons of the Yellow Emperor: The Story of the Overseas Chinese, Secker and Warburg. The Penguin Book of Modern Humour (1982), A personal anthology selected by Alan Coren, Penguin. Peters, Arnold (1998, September 25), 'Racist Remarks at Legco.' Hong Kong Standard. 'Pharaoh's thigh-slapper' (c.1998), South China Morning Post, extracted from The Sunday Times (London), exact date not known. Popular Chinese Jokes (1994), ed. Tian Hengyu, Asiapac, Singapore. Potter, Stephen (1954), The Sense of Humour, Penguin. Rosser, Nigel (1990, March 4), ‘Lucy Sheen, Actress,’ South China Morning Post magazine. Selected Jokes from Past Chinese Dynasties (1997) Sinolingua, Beijing, vols 1 to 4. Smith, Arthur H. (1988), Pearls of Wisdom from China, Graham Brash, Singapore, first published 1888. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-1999 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/s178b887x 205 philosophy and ethics among the Chinese", p.298. 2 A convenient modern summary of all Chinese religions, past and present, is provided by D. Howard Smith in his Chinese Religions (London, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1968). Useful summaries are also contained in the relevant sections of Trevor Ling's A History of Religion: East and West; An Introduction and Interpretation (London, Macmillan, 1968). 3 Arthur H. Smith, The Uplift of China (London, Church Missionary Society, 1908 and revised new edition 1914). Both are used in this paragraph, pp.83-4 and 41 respectively. 4 Hu Shih, The Chinese Renaissance (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1934), p.79. 5 Smith, op.cit., 1908, p.84. Professor Latourette adds one more element: "The average Chinese has long been and still is an animist, a Buddhist, a Confucianist and a Taoist with no sense of incongruity or inconsistency", he wrote, in the first edition of his survey The Chinese, Their History and Culture (New York, The Macmillan Company, 1934), Vol.II, p.125. 6 However, this "intertwining", as Smith called it, did not extend to the temples and monasteries of the three religions. As the 19th century English missionary cleric Archdeacon Moule observed, they were each characterized by a different atmosphere and possessed a different significance, which he summarized as follows: "Confucian and ancestral temples generally are for the commemoration and reverence and cultus of the great departed. Buddhist and Taoist temples and monasteries are open for the worship singly or in company of the people generally, addressed to images representing deities of living and present power". Ven. Arthur Evans Moule, The Chinese People, A Handbook on China (London, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1914), p.212. Rev. F.W.S. O'Neill, The Quest for God in China (London, George Allen & Unwin, 1925), p.33. 7 This was a truly enormous field of endeavour, as practically every woman in every household in China and its Dependencies would have recourse to Taoist magic in one form or another to ward off evil from the home. The propensity was so marked that it could extend to converts to Christianity who, used to pasting up protective words and phrases, could include “Emmanuel” and “Trust in God” above the doorways and windows where hitherto Taoist charms had ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-2000 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/nk328168n 14 4) Had Commissioner Lin adopted less drastic measures in suppressing the opium trade? A difficult course to predict. However, knowing Elliot's repugnance of the opium trade, it is possible the two might have joined forces in fighting the infamous trade. It was Lin's methods, in particular laying siege to the foreign factories, that alienated Elliot's respect, not the end he sought to gain by adopting them. 5) If China had suddenly developed a strong interest in British goods? Tin, wool, and cotton were imported from Britain, but not in sufficient quantities to balance the export of tea. A strong public opinion against opium had been building up in Britain. A greater demand for British goods might have shifted the British official position from laissez faire to oppose opium, dealing a serious blow to the opium trade. No doubt, many other alternative courses of history can be suggested, but the few above show how the two addictions—to opium and tea—had determined the course of history of that period and region, and how easily that course might have been altered, preventing the conflict, and possibly subsequent imperialist policy of western nations in China. Conclusion Of all the foods, solid or liquid, tea has had great influence over the centuries around the world. It has played a part in history, medicine, politics, manners and customs. British interests in the 19th century kept the opium supply line open and the manufacture of opium in India solvent in order to pay for China's tea. Britain went to war with China to protect those interests. In this sense the war was also the Tea War. When Sir George Staunton, an authority on Chinese-British relations and a member of Macartney's mission to China in 1793 (aged 15, he went as a page-boy), declared in Parliament: 'If there had been no opium, there had been no war,' he might well have added: "And if there had been no tea, there had been no war." SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY ALLEN, N.: The Opium Trade, Lowell (2nd Edition), U.S.A., 1983. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-2001 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/zg651950g 300 Recreation Certainly man cannot live by rice alone and provision had to be made for recreation and welfare. What facilities were there? One imagines in the early 20th century a limited amount. But in the years leading up to Waglan becoming automated, in the 1980s, colour television, stereo music, radio, a small library, darts, ping-pong and mah-jong, all accommodated in the air-conditioned recreation room, were available (Port Services Division; 1987). Let us now turn to the actual men who manned the lighthouses. Lighthouse personalities In 1838, Grace Horsley Darling (1815-1842) became the heroine of Britain when she and her lighthouse keeper father rescued nine of the crew of the good ship Forfarshire. It was wrecked near the Longstone Lighthouse on one of the Farne Islands off the Northumberland coast, England. It is fitting that Darling's name is still recorded in English dictionaries and encyclopaedias although today people are more likely to hero-worship figures like astronauts, film stars and footballers. What about Hong Kong's keepers and others associated with lighthouses? What sort of men were they? Let us look at some of them. James Arthur William Deakin's father was a British soldier who married his Chinese wife in 1935.42 He served as a gunner on Mount Davis when the Japanese attacked in December 1941. Later, as a child, James was called upon by his mother to put food parcels through the wire fence of the Shum Shui Po Prison Camp where his father was incarcerated. When he grew up, after attending the then Government King George the Fifth Secondary School, Jimmy Deakin went into government service. In the late 1950s he was posted to the Marine Department from the Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Division of the Public Works Department. Allen Lack informed the author that he had known Deakin earlier, as ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-2001 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/zg651950g 311 43 + At King George V School the medium of instruction was (and still is) English. Most of the pupils, when Deakin attended, were Europeans. 44 Allen John Stockman Lack is a Master Mariner who served in the Hong Kong Government's Marine Department. He became Deputy Director. 45 Conversation 25th February, 1999, between author and Paul Brown, a family member then working as Chief Information Officer in the Hong Kong Government Information Services Department. 46 Lai Tak-wah interviewed by author on 12 February 1999. 47 Lighthouse keepers frequently had mechanical engineering backgrounds. 48 Tam Cheong-wai interviewed by Author on 23rd February 1999, 49 Some old seafarers have requested permission to have their ashes scattered in Hong Kong Harbour. This has been done on several occasions. 50 Interview by author with Master Mariner Roger Henry Parry who joined the Government Marine Department in 1973. 51 Observations by author. 52 Hong Kong Government Marine Department caption under picture of Waglan with no title and no date. ================================================================================ RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 | RAS-2002 https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/mp4901278 24 Treaty of Holland (Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824), (Hertslet's Treaties Vol VIII) Pangkor Engagement of 1874 (Treaties with Native States Part II) Bill: Straits Transfer Bill (House of Commons), 1866, V (Session 1 Feb - 10 Aug 1866) Statutes: Act 24th George III Cap 25 (1784) Indian Charter Act of 1833 Indian Act No. XVII of 1855 Charters of Justice (1807, 1826, 1855) The Colonial Laws Validity Act, 1865, 28 & 29 Vic, Cap 63 The Government of the Straits Settlements Act, 1866, 29 & 30 Vic, Cap 115 The Courts (Colonial) Jurisdiction Act, 1874, 37 & 38 Vic, Cap 27 The Straits Settlements Offences Act, 1874, 37 & 38 Vic, Cap 38 Case: Regina v Willians Esq (1858) (3 Ky 16) Secondary Sources: Allen, Richard H S, 1968, Malaysia, Prospect and Retrospect. The Impact and Aftermath of Colonial Rule, Oxford University Press Auber, P, 1826, An Analysis of the Constitution of the EIC and the Laws Passed by Parliament for the Government of Their Affairs at Home and Abroad, London Blythe, W L, 1969, The Impact of Chinese Secret Societies in Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Braddell, Roland St John, (1915) 1982, The Law of the Straits Settlements. A Commentary, Oxford University Press (Kuala Lumpur) Braddle, T, (1853) 'Notices of Singapore', JIA, vii, 1328 Buckley, Charles Burton, (1902) 1984, An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore, Oxford University Press ================================================================================