[ { "id": 212000, "series_id": 26, "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine", "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "RAS-1989", "page_number": 415, "title": "RAS-1989", "content_text": "390\n\nStaging this piece has atropaic effects, cleansing the site from harmful influences or malicious spirits. Because opportunities to see \"The White Tiger\" staged are rare, it was felt worth printing a photograph (Plate 23) of the piece as staged at the Lung Yeuk Tau rat siu opera matshed in 1983.\n\nIssei TanakA\n\nBRITISH CHINESE LABOUR CORPS LABOURERS BURIED IN ENGLAND\n\nProbably the only visible reminder of an episode in Sino-British military history in Britain is the group of six graves of Chinese labourers who died during or just after the Great War. Of the two thousand or so who died in Western Europe of the nearly hundred thousand Chinese shipped to France by the British only six lie in British soil, in the Shorncliffe Military Cemetery, which is situated beside the former Shorncliffe Military Hospital above the Channel port of Folkestone. They rest far from their native Shantung and Honan provinces, with no indication as to how they died. The proximity of the former hospital suggests that they may well have succumbed from injuries, wounds or epidemic.\n\n\"China on the Western Front\", by Michael Summerskill, published by Summerskill in 1982 which describes other military cemeteries, in France, where Chinese labourers are buried, is a most interesting description of the British Chinese Labour Corps with its officer cadre consisting mainly of missionaries and sinologues.\n\nDespite each of the thousands of Chinese labourers being awarded a war medal, it is worth noting that they are exceedingly rare and a much sought after collectors' item. It would be interesting to know where they all went.\n\nThe illustrations (Plates 24 and 25) are of Shorncliffe Military cemetery with the English Channel and Romney Marsh in the background; and of one of the six gravestones, all of which are well cared for in a tranquil spot under shady trees.\n\nKEITH STEVENS", "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1989.txt", "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/8336pm92h", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 213631, "series_id": 26, "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine", "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "RAS-1995", "page_number": 227, "title": "RAS-1995", "content_text": "201\n\n'Will some kind hand in a foreign land place a flower on my son's grave.' \n\nAvril Williams has answered that call countless times. She looks upon the departed, including of course the two Chinese, as members of her extended family. It is important they all have visitors.\n\nNOTES\n\n1 J Keith Stevens, 'British Chinese Labour Corps' Labourers Buried in England', Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society vol. 29, 1989 (1991), p 390 and Plates 24 and 25\n\n2 Michael Summerskill, China on the Western Front, Britain's Work Force in the First World War, published by Summerskill (1982), passim\n\n3 The Register at Foncquevillers Military Cemetery\n\n*S M Bard, Report on Survey and Study of old Service Graves at Stanley Military Cemetery, Antiquities and Monuments Office (Hong Kong, c 1990), p.10, and S M Bard, Annex to Board Paper Antiquities Advisory Board/21/91, Study of Military Graves and Monuments Hong Kong Cemetery (Hong Kong, 1991), p 17\n\n4 In large Chinese families children are still sometimes known by numbers eg 'Number Four Sister'\n\n5 British soldiers in World War Two each wore two identity discs on a cord around their necks. On these plastic discs were stamped their army number and their name. If a soldier was killed one disc was buried with the body and the other was sent back to base for record purposes\n\n6. Four proverbs were used. The other two were, 'A noble duty bravely done', and 'Though dead he still liveth'. All four have a hint of a Christian message\n\n7 Tim Sebastian, 'Haunted by the Ghosts of Heroes', South China Morning Post (1 July 1995), Features p.3\n\n8 Ibid\n\nPLATES\n\nPlate I Although an army number is inscribed, this grave of a Chinese labourer in Foncquevillers Cemetery is unnamed. This is not uncommon\n\nPlate II The inscription on this grave shows the name of the labourer and his native place in China", "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1995.txt", "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/95941j25g", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 214987, "series_id": 26, "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine", "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "RAS-2000", "page_number": 83, "title": "RAS-2000", "content_text": "39\n\nsickness - in case of sickness, family pay in China up to 6 weeks\n\nmisconduct - entails deductions of family pay for offences involving 28 days\n\nloss of pay and upwards\n\nCompensation - Death or total disablement $100\n\nPartial disablement, not exceeding $50\n\nAlso, the Ration Allowance per diem as laid down by the Directorate of Labour, subject to modification, was per man:\n\nRice\n\n24 ounces\n\nMeat or dried fish\n\n8 ounces\n\nVegetables\n\n8 ounces\n\nTea\n\nhalf an ounce\n\nNut oil\n\nhalf an ounce\n\nSalt\n\nhalf an ounce\n\nFlour\n\n4 ounces\n\nMargarine\n\n1 ounce\n\nSummerskill quotes 8 ounces of rice, 8 ounces of flour, 14 ounces of meat and three-quarters of an ounce of tea, with the addition of one ounce of sugar, ten ounces of bread and also wheat and lard.\n\nCooking arrangements, as laid down, stated that the Chinese ate two meals a day, one before work and one in the evening. The usual camp cooking arrangements were provided - dixies with a percentage of Soyer stoves for heating water. Cooking was done in camp by the Chinese cooks.", "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-2000.txt", "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/nk328168n", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 214998, "series_id": 26, "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine", "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "RAS-2000", "page_number": 94, "title": "RAS-2000", "content_text": "50\n\nDoe who was serving at that time with the 51 Signal Company [RE] and based, I think, at Bailleul, was hoping to watch a football match. As the Chinese were running loose, armed with improvised weapons, he, with others, was ordered to shoot the Chinese to quell this mutiny. Eight were shot on the pitch and 93 were captured. In West Outre British Cemetery, Heuvelland, Belgium, there are the graves of 3 members of the CLC killed on Christmas Day, 1917, namely Chang Cheh-te [43804], Chang Hung-an [39540] and Wu En-lu [43913], all of the 105th Company, CLC. Three members of the CLC were charged with mutiny and striking: on 9 May 1918, 1968, for mutiny and striking, was sentenced to two years hard labour. Also on the 9 May 1918 40749 was charged with the same offences and sentenced to one year hard labour. On 12 May 1918, 25348 was charged with mutiny, insubordination and disobedience for which he was sentenced to six months hard labour though this sentence was revised and later quashed.\n\nNumbers of those Recruited and Fatalities\n\nOver 94,500 Chinese, recruited for the British Chinese Labour Corps, served in France and, of these, 1834 died in France, 279 died at sea on the way home and 32 could not be traced. These figures are quoted from Summerskill and conflict with those given in an article in the Sunday Times magazine, \"Chinese dig Britain's trenches\" by J. Hamilton-Paterson. He quotes the British Government as saying that 93,474 had been recruited of which number 91,452 labourers had been returned to China, 1949 had died in Europe and 73 had died on the return journey. The figures cannot be considered as accurate as a small proportion of men had gone to ground in France and some detached themselves in Canada. Some Labourers formed attachments with French women and oft times children were born. At a later date they returned to China with their wives and children. The exact number is not known, but French sources quote about 30,000, which appears excessive.\n\nThese figures may be further confused if those in Norman Mellor's article9 are taken as correct. He stated that 97,934 were recruited by the British and at the end of the War there were 195 Companies working in the areas of the five armies or on the Lines of Communication. He does not quote a figure. Mellor was posted to the 4th Bedfordshire Regiment in March 1918, his 19th birthday, saw action on the Albert-Bapaume road and remained with his regiment until the Armistice. Being too", "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-2000.txt", "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/nk328168n", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 215040, "series_id": 26, "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine", "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "RAS-2000", "page_number": 136, "title": "RAS-2000", "content_text": "Fisher, W M : Dr E J Stuckey and the Chinese Hospital at Noyelles-sur-Mer. A biographical fragment of World War I : unpublished: BA Hons. Thesis at Monash University: 1984\n\nGriffin, NJ: The Use of Chinese Labour by the British Army : PhD thesis, University of Oklahoma : 1973 - held by the Imperial War Museum, London\n\n: Britain's Chinese Labour Corps in World War 1: Military Affairs : vol.XXXX No. 3 [Oct 1976]\n\nJones, A. Philip: Britain's Search for Chinese Co-operation in the First World War : Garland Publishing Inc.: New York and London: 1986\n\nKlein, Daryl\n\nLoisel, M : : La Chine de l'Empire Celeste [Chine des Han] en Terre Française - Picardie: 1995\n\n: With the Chinks: Bodley Head: ca. 1918\n\nLucas, C : The Empire at War\n\nMaxwell, J : The Chinese Labour Corps: A précis of their participation in World War: Unpublished\n\nMellor, Norman: With the Chinese Labour Corps - France 1918\n\nPaton, Alec : Occasional Gunfire, Private War Diary of a Siege Gunner: Bishop-Laggett Publishing: London: 1998\n\nPutkowski, J: British Army Mutineers 1914-1922 : Francis Boutle Publishers: 1998\n\nStevens, Keith : British Chinese Labour Corps Labourers Buried in England Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society: Vol. 29: 1989\n\nSummerskill, M: China on the Western Front: pub by Michael Summerskill", "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-2000.txt", "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/nk328168n", "rank": 0 } ]