[
    {
        "id": 205764,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1969",
        "page_number": 70,
        "title": "RAS-1969",
        "content_text": "64\n\n71 Papers.... Despatches\n\nR. G. GROVES\n\n+\n\n*\n\nop. cit., p. 68.\n\n72 Correspondence..., op. cit., p. 167.\n\n73 Ibid., p. 297. Skinner postulates models of intermediate marketing systems in which each intermediate market is ringed by six standard markets. Skinner, op. cit., Part I, pp. 23f.\n\n74 Correspondence\n\n75 Ibid., p. 296.\n\n76 Ibid., p. 380.\n\n+\n\nI\n\nP\n\n1\n\nop. cit.,\n\np. 295.\n\n77 Wakeman, op. cit., p. 39.\n\n78 See, for example: Spector, Stanley, Li Hung-Chang and the Huai Army, Seattle, University of Washington Press, 1964, Folsom, Kenneth E., Friends, Guests, and Colleagues; the Mu-Fu System in the Late Ch'ing Period, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1968.\n\nSince writing this article, and further to note 37, Dr. Hugh D. R. Baker's study, Sheung Shui: A Chinese Lineage Village has now been published (London, Frank Cass & Co, Ltd., 1968).",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1969.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/9g553n20d",
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    {
        "id": 208327,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
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        "document_key": "RAS-1978",
        "page_number": 51,
        "title": "RAS-1978",
        "content_text": "MILITARY EDUCATION IN CHINA, 1842-1895\n\n35\n\n22 See Jonathon Porter, Tseng Kuo-fan's Private Bureaucracy (Berkeley, 1972), 74-76, 127.\n\n23 Consult Richard J. Smith, Mercenaries and Mandarins: The Ever-Victorious Army in Nineteenth Century China (Millwood, New York, 1978).\n\n24 Richard J. Smith, \"Foreign-Training and China's Self-Strengthening: The Case of Feng-huang-shan, 1864-1873,\" Modern Asian Studies, 10.2 (1976), 196-197; also Kwang-ching Liu and Richard J. Smith, \"The Military Challenge: The Northwest and the Coast,\" in The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 11, Late Ch'ing, Part Two, Chapter 4, forthcoming.\n\n25 Cavendish, 709-710. See also the sources cited above, note 24.\n\n26 Smith, \"Foreign-Training,” 196, 220-223.\n\n27 IWSM, Tung-chih, 25: 3.\n\n28 Smith, “Foreign-Training,” 220-223; also Richard J. Smith, “Reflections on the Comparative Study of Modernization in China and Japan; Military Aspects,” Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 16 (1976).\n\n29 Ibid., (both sources); Smith, Mercenaries and Mandarins, chapters 8 and 9.\n\n30 Smith, \"Foreign-Training,\" 215-223. See also Mark Bell, China (Simla, 1884), 2: 58; William Bales, Tso Tsung-tang Soldier and Statesman of Old China (Shanghai, 1937), 339; K. C. Liu, \"Nineteenth-Century China,\" in Tang Tsou and P. T. Ho, eds., China in Crisis (Chicago, 1966), 120.\n\n31 On the relationship between modern weapons and tactics and officer-training in the West, see Emory Upton, The Armies of Asia and Europe (New York, 1878), 270-271, 318-319, 324, 328-330 and passim. See also NCH, July 28, 1866, cited in Wright, The Last Stand, 201. For Upton's critique of Chinese tactics and training in the mid-1870's consult The Armies, 20-23. For the use of lien-chün in suppressing internal rebels, see Kung-chung tang Kuang-hsi ch'ao tsou-che, 2: 302, 664, 667; 3: 172, 318, 323, 399, 445, 518, 753, etc. I am indebted to Professor K. C. Liu for supplying this reference. For a critique of yung-ying and lien-chin forces in the 1890's, consult Cavendish, 712-714.\n\n32 Smith, \"Foreign-Training,\" 216 and notes.\n\n33 Bell, 2: 4. The standard works on Li's army are: Stanley Spector, Li Hung-chang and the Huai Army (Seattle, 1964); Wang, Huai-chün chih (Hong Kong, 1973).\n\n34 See Chang Chih-tung's somewhat comparable effort in the 1880's and 1890's, discussed in Ayers, chapter 5. For a brief overview of the problems connected with officer education in late Ch'ing China, consult Powell, 40-45.\n\n35 Smith, Mercenaries and Mandarins, chapter 9.\n\n36 Wang, Huai-chün, 203; LWCK, Letters to the Tsungli Yamen, 4: 39-41, 41-43; LWCK, Memorials, 27: 4-5.\n\n37 On the West Point inquiry, see Chester Holcombe, China's Past and Future (London, 1904), 82-83; FRUS, 1875, part 1, 227-228. On Li's negotiations with Upton, consult LWCK, Letters to the Tsungli Yamen, 4: 39a-41a; YWYT, 3: 592; Peter Michie, The Life and Letters of Emory Upton (New York, 1885), 29-298, 309-310.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1978.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/8g84t8593",
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    },
    {
        "id": 208329,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1978",
        "page_number": 53,
        "title": "RAS-1978",
        "content_text": "MILITARY EDUCATION IN CHINA, 1842-1895\n\n59 Ibid. (Wang), 8.\n\n37\n\n60 Ibid. Wang notes that branch schools of the Tientsin Military Academy were established at Shan-hai-kuan and Wei-hai-wei.\n\n61 Ibid., citing LWCK, Memorials, 74: 25.\n\n62 Ibid., 8-9.\n\n63 Ibid., 7. On Li's financial difficulties, consult Wang, Hual-chin, 275-290; Spector, chapter 7.\n\n64 Wang, \"Pei-yang wu-pei hsüeh-t'ang,\" 9-12. The major problems, according to Wang, were: (1) The administrators of the academy were not well suited to their tasks (non-specialists); (2) the foreign instructors were arrogant, overpaid, unappreciative, and remiss in their teaching responsibilities; (3) heavy reliance on interpreters was inefficient and confusing; and (4) both academic and practical training tended to degenerate into formalism. Other problems included capricious grading, reports of cheating, and shortages and lack of standardization in equipment. For problems in China's other military and naval schools, consult Ayers, 108-113, 179-180, and John Rawlinson, China's Struggle for Naval Development (Cambridge, Mass., 1967), passim.\n\n65 Rawlinson, 163, 169; Ernst Presseisen, Before Aggression (Tucson, 1965), 140-141; NCH, September 21, 1894.\n\n66 For a summary of the fighting on land and sea, consult Liu and Smith, \"The Military Challenge.\"\n\n**\n\n67 See, for example, E. Bujac, Précis de quelques campagnes contemporaines (Paris, 1896), vol. 2; N.W.H. Du Boulay, An Epitome of the China-Japanese War, 1894-95 (London, 1896); Lieutenant Sauvage, La guerre Sino-Japonaise 1894-1895 (Paris, 1897); Richard Wallach, \"The War in the East,\" Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute, 21, 4 (1895); T. A. Brassey, ed., The Naval Annual (Portsmouth, 1895); Vladimir (pseudonym for Zenone Volpicelli), The China-Japan War (London, 1896).\n\n68 On the Japanese response to the war, see Donald Keene, \"The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95 and Its Cultural Effects in Japan,\" in Donald Shively, ed., Tradition and Modernization in Japanese Culture (Princeton, 1971); also Jeffery Dorwart, The Pigtail War: American Involvement in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 (Amherst, Mass., 1975), 94-96.\n\n69 Professor Samuel Chu of Ohio State University is currently studying the Chinese response to the war, and has produced several illuminating but as yet unpublished papers on the subject. For the time being, the best available discussion of Chinese attitudes is Kuo Sung-p'ing, \"The Chinese Reaction to Foreign Encroachment\" (unpublished dissertation, Columbia University, 1953).\n\n70 See Liang Ch'i-ch'ao's critique, cited in Joseph Levenson, Liang Ch'i-ch'ao and the Mind of Modern China (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1967), 111; consult also Kuo, 49-50, 81-83, etc.\n\n71 Cited in Li Chien-nung, The Political History of China 1840-1928, translated and edited by S. Y. Teng and Jeremy Ingalls (Princeton, Toronto, London and New York, 1956). See also Japanese Imperial General Staff, eds., History of the War between Japan and China (Tokyo, 1904), 1; 30-32.\n\n72 Rawlinson, 190.\n\n73 Liu Feng-han, \"Chia-wu chan-cheng shuang-fang ping-li ti fen-hsi,\" Chung-kuo i-chou, 829 (March 14, 1966) and 830 (March 21, 1966); CJCC,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1978.txt",
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    {
        "id": 211074,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1987",
        "page_number": 135,
        "title": "RAS-1987",
        "content_text": "110\n\nREDFERN, Adelaide\n\n9.1.1960\n\nREDFERN, Angelica\n\n25.2.1951\n\nMarcaide\n\nREDFERN, Edward\n\n31.8.1938\n\nREDRERN, James R\n\n5.11.1948\n\nKnight\n\nRICHARDS, James\n\n27.8.1906\n\nRICHTER, Else\n\n9.11.1903\n\nRICHTER, Erich\n\n18.5.1941\n\nROBERTS, Stewart\n\n16.11.1908\n\nROBERTSON, John\n\n24.12.1879\n\nROENSCH, Anna Albina\n\n29.2.1873\n\nROHLSON, H W\n\nRUEBE, Adolf\n\nNot known\n\nROUGHTON, Henry\n\n21.4.1892\n\n2.8.1902\n\nSALOMON, Emil\n\nNot known\n\nSANGER, Julius\n\nSCHADENBERG, Dr Alexander\n\nSCHEIN, B\n\n21.4.1886\n\nSAWYER, Mary\n\n4.7.1884\n\nDolores Camion\n\n15.1.1896\n\nSCHAELLIBAUM, Max\n\n28.6.197[sic]\n\n21.12.1914\n\nSCHIPPERS, Tamer\n\nSCHLEINITZ, Robert\n\n3.8.1903\n\nSCHNEER, Edward\n\nSCHNEER, Simon\n\n25.10.1920\n\nSCHULTZ, Ernst\n\nSCHULTZ, Franz Cesar\n\n12.4.1892\n\nSCHWANER, E J\n\n1.1.1968\n\n31.12.1900\n\n16.6.1922\n\n30.1.1887\n\nSCHWURCH, Hermann\n\n24.1.1891\n\nSCOTT, James\n\n6.8.1897\n\nSECKER, Elisabeth\n\n7.5.1890\n\nSETH, John E\n\n23.10.188?\n\nSIEVERS, Otto\n\n28.5.1889\n\nSIMPSON, George\n\n23.2.1899\n\nFrederick\n\nSINCLAIR, Robert\n\n15.8.1869\n\nSINTERN, George van\n\n?.12.1901\n\nSLAFKIN, Lena\n\n14.5.1911\n\nSMITH\n\n15.3.1883\n\nSMITH, Adeliza\n\n14.2.1880\n\nSMITH, Andrew\n\n25.2.1888\n\nSMITH, Mrs John\n\n7.11.1882\n\nSMITH, William L\n\n26.8.1916\n\nSMOLL, John Barton\n\n31.5.1909\n\nSPECTOR, Rashe\n\n25.2.1899\n\nSPURING, Herbert\n\n21.10.1929\n\nSTANLEY, Walter\n\n5.6.1942\n\nSTAUBE, Carl\n\n21.9.1882\n\nSTECK, Frederick Ludwig Philip\n\n1.4.1869\n\nSTEIGER, Theodor\n\n2.6.1872\n\nSTEPHEN, Thomas H\n\n12.11.1926\n\nSTERNBERG, Wilhelm\n\n18.12.1900\n\nSTERNBERG, Mrs Mathilde\n\n22.12.1913\n\nSTEVENSON, William\n\n10.4.1883\n\nSTEWART, Kenneth George\n\n14.7.1936\n\nSTEWART, NR\n\n24.2.1914\n\nSTOLL, Albert (infant son of)\n\n1890\n\nSTOLL, Emil\n\n16.7.1891\n\nSTONE, Charles Edward\n\n26.3.1955\n\nSTRUCKMANN, (1st infant)\n\n?,2,1876\n\nSTRUCKMANN, (2nd infant)\n\n15.4.1876\n\nSTRUCKMANN, Maria\n\n26.9.1879\n\nSURTEES, Alfred\n\n13.5.1924\n\nSUTCLIFFE, Margaret\n\n30.6.1895\n\nSWAP, William H\n\n25.10.1882\n\nHelen\n\nSWEENEY, Patrick\n\n9.4.1912\n\nTAIL, James\n\n31.8.1917\n\nTAYLOR, Frans.\n\nTHIESSEN, Johann\n\n5.6.1903\n\n14.10.1889\n\nTELFORD, William\n\n3.5.1942\n\nTHOMPSON, Gerald Philippe\n\n20.2.1949\n\nTHOMPSON, Katherine\n\n14.12.1942\n\nTOMKINS, John Frederick\n\n9.2.1945\n\nTOUGH, William\n\n1.7.1916\n\nTOWER, Edward\n\n7.3.1894\n\nTOWNSEND, Cecilia Edith\n\n20.9.1964\n\nTOZER, Susan Harriet\n\n13.8.1930\n\nTUCKER, Capt George\n\nTURNBULL, Arthur\n\n1891\n\nTUCKER, Percy\n\n23.8.1898\n\n16.2.1928\n\nTYLER, Joseph C\n\n28.5.1890\n\nPage 135\n\nPage 136",
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    {
        "id": 215832,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-2002",
        "page_number": 131,
        "title": "RAS-2002",
        "content_text": "64\n\n53 Ronald Spector, Eagle Against the Sun: the American War with Japan (New York: Vintage Books, 1985), p.489.\n\n54 (1) South China Weekly Situation Report No.4, 30 Mar 45; Series 1/1; War Diary, January-April 1945; also includes South China Weekly Situation Reports Nos.1-23, 9 Mar-23 Oct 45; Ride Papers. (2) South China Weekly Situation Report No.14, 8 Jun 45 (rest of details the same as above).\n\n55 Romanus & Sunderland, Time Runs Out in CBI, 1959 of U.S. Army in World War II: The China-Burma-India Theater (rpt. Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1976), p.332-334.\n\n56 Adamson & Kosco, p.149-150, 190.\n\n57 Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas Report, Serial 0395 of 11 February 1946; Entry 351; World War II Action and Operational Reports; RG38; NA, Washington, DC,\n\n58 Alderson, p.57.\n\n59 Adamson & Kosco, p.52-53, 185-187. Interestingly, the carriers in question, the USS Hornet (CV-12) and USS Bennington (CV-20), had survived previous Japanese attacks (including Kamikazes) without suffering anything worse than strafing, but they couldn't escape the typhoon.\n\n60 CPS107/1, p.15.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-2002.txt",
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