[
    {
        "id": 204697,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1963",
        "page_number": 178,
        "title": "RAS-1963",
        "content_text": "JOURNAL OF\n\nSOUTHEAST ASIAN HISTORY\n\nPublished twice yearly by Department of History, University of Singapore\n\nEditor: K. G. TREGONNING\n\nVol. 4, No. 1\n\nMarch 1963\n\nARTICLES\n\nTHE ORIGIN OF THE JAVANESE MOSQUE\n\nH. J. de Graaf\n\nTHE COMING OF ISLAM TO NORTH SUMATRA\n\nA. H. Hill\n\nHISTORIANS IN INDONESIA TODAY\n\nSartono Kartodirdjo\n\nPEASANT AND LAND REFORM IN\n\nINDONESIAN COMMUNISM\n\nJustus M. van der Kroef\n\nON THE NEED FOR A STUDY OF\n\nMALAYSIAN ISLAMIZATION\n\nSyed Hussein Alatas\n\nTHE UNIQUENESS OF PHILIPPINE NATIONALISM\n\nR. S. Milne\n\nBRITISH AND AMERICAN INFLUENCE IN THAILAND\n\nFrank C. Darling\n\nTHE “TIM ENG SENG”\n\nNicholas Tarling\n\nAnnual Subscription: Malaya: $10/-\n\nU.K.: £1 4s.\n\nU.S.: $3.40\n\nOrder from: The Secretary,\n\nDepartment of History, University of Singapore,\n\nSINGAPORE 10.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1963.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/4m90m091v",
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    {
        "id": 205039,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1965",
        "page_number": 147,
        "title": "RAS-1965",
        "content_text": "138\n\nNEWBIGGING, D. K.\n\nNG, Ronald, C. Y.\n\nNICHOLS, E. N. -\n\nNISSANKA, Miss L. S.\n\nNIXON, F. A.* -\n\nNORONHA, J. E.\n\nOGDEN, B. J. N. -\n\nOKA, T.\n\nOLIPHANT, R. G. L.\n\nOLIVER, J. R.\n\nORD, Miss I. M. -\n\nOVERBURY, Miss U. M.\n\nPAYNE, Mrs. M. M.\n\nPAYNE, Miss P. M.\n\nPELZEL, J. C. -\n\nPENNELL, W. V.\n\nPERDIEUS, H. -\n\nPERESYPKIN, O. P. -\n\nPHILLIPS, Prof. J. G. PICCIOTTO, Mrs. J. R. -\n\nPICKFORD, I. B.\n\nPICKFORD, Mrs. J. P.\n\nPIKE, E. N. -\n\nPIRIE, J.\n\nPOLAND, T. D.\n\nPOLDY, Mrs. K.\n\n+\n\n-\n\n-\n\nJardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd. (Shipping Accounts Dept.) H.K.\n\n164, Prince Edward Rd., 1st floor, Kowloon.\n\nc/o Dept. of Agriculture & Fisheries, North Kowloon Magistracy, Taipo Road, Kowloon.\n\n33 Granville Road, Kowloon,\n\nRoom 63, Hong Kong Club, H.K\n\nc/o W.F. Bollmeyer & Co., (H.K) Ltd.\n\n408, Yu To Sang Building, H.K.\n\nc/o The H.K. & Shanghai Banking Corpn., H.K.\n\n124 Pokfulum Road, H.K,\n\nc/o The H.K. & Shanghai Banking Corpn., H.K.\n\nc/o Supreme Court, H.K.\n\nSisters' Qtrs., 802 King's Park House, Kowloon.\n\nThe Helena May, Garden Road, H.K.\n\nFlat 2-A, 17 Babington Path, H.K. Physiotherapy Dept., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon.\n\nFlat 49, 7th floor, 79 Waterloo Road, Kowloon,\n\nC'an Boyet Mear Puerto Pollensa, Majorca, Spain.\n\nDagobertstraat 45, Leuven, Belgium.\n\nP. O. Box 1382, H.K.\n\nAlberose, 134 Pokfulum Road, H.K.\n\n46 Stubbs Road, H.K.\n\nFlat 2, Buxey Lodge, 37 Conduit Road, H.K.\n\nAs above.\n\nThe Asia Foundation, 2 Old Peak Road, H.K.\n\nP. O. Box 117, H.K.\n\nCA.S. Headquarters, 39 Gloucester Road, 2/F., H.K.\n\n37, Macdonnell Road, H.K.\n\n* Life Member\n\nPlease notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1965.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/s752cj653",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 205105,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1966",
        "page_number": 61,
        "title": "RAS-1966",
        "content_text": "56\n\nHERBERT FRANKE\n\nThese Northern European traders, then, were the first Europeans that ever came to China, or so it seems. They left very little, if any, impression on the Chinese. Not even the annalistic chapters of the Yüan-shih recorded their arrival, and but for the court diary kept by a Chinese official in Kublai's residence we would never have known about them at all. The same is true for the Polos, who are, as indicated above, not recorded in any Chinese source. But this applies not only to the Venetian travellers. The many missionaries, mostly Franciscan friars, who came to China have left no traces in Chinese records and we would not know about their visit if Western sources had not preserved their accounts.\n\nGiovanni da Montecorvino, who was dispatched to the Great Khan in 1289 by Pope Nicholas IV, went to Peking (Khanbaliq) and we have in a medieval chronicle his letters dated from Khanbaliq 1305 and 1306 respectively. There he reports on the progress of his evangelistic work, on baptisms, and he asks to have sent to him an antiphonarium, a collection of legends, a psalter and a graduale. He pretends to have learned the Tatar language; that is, either Mongolian or Turkish. Otherwise nothing in his letters indicates things Chinese. They could have been written anywhere where the \"Tartar\" language was spoken and that was almost everywhere between the Black Sea and the Yellow Sea. He did not notice that the majority of the Peking inhabitants did not speak Tatar but Chinese.\n\nA similar impression is given by most of the other letters written by Franciscan friars residing in China all of which points to a singular lack of contact between China and representatives of Occidental civilization. There are, on the other hand, a few remains of an archaeological nature proving that Latin Christianity reached China after all. The most famous relic is the \"Latin Tombstone\" in Yang-chou, which has been called, not inappropriately, by the author of a study of the monument, “a landmark of Medieval Christianity in China.\" This stone was discovered in 1951 and has a Latin inscription saying that \"In the Name of the Lord Amen here lies Catherine, Daughter of the Late Sir Dominic de Viglione, who died in the Year of the Lord One Thousand Three Hundred Forty-Two in the Month of June.\"\n\nAbove the inscription there are several finely chiseled drawings of Mary with the Child and scenes of the martyrdom of St. Catherine, the patron-saint of the girl. These representations of Christian art show an impressive combination of Western motifs",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1966.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/bz60k0811",
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    },
    {
        "id": 205233,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1966",
        "page_number": 189,
        "title": "RAS-1966",
        "content_text": "183 \n\nMORGAN, L. G. \n\nMOSLER, Mrs. M. \n\nMOYLE, G. C. - \n\nNABHOLZ, Mrs. M. E. \n\nNEILD, Mrs. C. - \n\nNEWBIGGING, D. K. \n\nNG, Ronald C. Y. \n\nNICHOLS, E. N. - \n\nNIXON, F. A.* NOLDE, John \n\nNORONHA, J. E. - \n\nOLIPHANT, R. G. L. \n\nOLIVER, J. R. \n\nORD, Miss I. M. - \n\nOVERBURY, Miss U. M. \n\nPATTERSON, G. N. \n\nPAYNE, Miss P. M. \n\nPENNELL, W. V. - \n\nPERDIEUS, H.- \n\nPERESYPKIN, O. P. PHILLIPS, Prof. J. G. PICCIOTTO, Mrs. R. J. \n\nPICKFORD, J. B. \n\nPIKE, E. N. \n\nPOLAND, T. D. \n\nPOLDY, Mrs. K. \n\n1 \n\nc/o H.K. & Shanghai Bank, 9 Gracechurch Street, London, E.C.3., England. \n\n3, MacDonnell Road, Flat 3, H.K. \n\nc/o Jardine Matheson & Co., Ltd. (Insurance Department), H.K. \n\nc/o Swiss Reinsurance Co., P. O. Box 172, 8022 Zurich, Switzerland, \n\nc/o Welfare Handicrafts, Salisbury Road, Kowloon, \n\nJardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd. (Shipping Accounts Dept.) H.K. \n\n48, King Henry's Road, Swiss Cottage, London N.W.3, England. \n\nc/o Dept. of Agriculture & Fisheries, North Kowloon Magistracy, Taipo Road, Kowloon. \n\nRoom 63, Hong Kong Club, H.K. \n\nDept, of History, The University, Pokfulum, H.K. \n\nc/o W.F. Bollmeyer & Co., (H.K.) Ltd. 408, Yu To Sang Building, H.K. \n\nc/o The H.K. & Shanghai Banking Corpn., H.K. \n\nc/o Supreme Court, H.K. \n\nSisters' Qtrs., 802 King's Park House, Kowloon. \n\nThe Helena May, Garden Road, H.K. \n\n21 South Bay Road, Ground Floor, Repulse Bay, H.K. \n\n54 Buxey Lodge, 8th Floor, 37 Conduit Road, H.K. \n\nC'an Boyet Mear Puerto Pollensa, Majorca, Spain. \n\nDagobertstraat 45, Leuven, Belgium, \n\nP. O. Box 1382, H.K. \n\nAlberose, 134 Pokfulum Road, H.K. \n\n46 Stubbs Road, H.K. \n\nFlat 2, Buxey Lodge, 37 Conduit Road, H.K. The Asia Foundation, 2 Old Peak Road, H.K. \n\nButterfield & Swire (H.K.) Ltd. (Staff Dept.), Union House, H.K. \n\n37, Macdonnell Road, H.K. \n\n* Life Member \n\nPlease notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1966.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/bz60k0811",
        "rank": 0
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    {
        "id": 205445,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1967",
        "page_number": 207,
        "title": "RAS-1967",
        "content_text": "200\n\nMILTON, Mrs. Norma J. Flat 51, Dina House, Duddell St., H.K.\n\nMOLTKE-HANSEN, Mrs. Olav.\n\nMOSLER, Mrs. M. MOYLE, G. C.\n\nNEILD, Mrs. Christine\n\nNEWBIGGING, D. K.\n\nNG, Ronald C. Y.\n\nNICHOLS, E. H.\n\nNIXON, F. A.*\n\nNOLDE, Prof. John J.\n\nNORONHA, J. E.\n\nP\n\nOLIPHANT, R. G. L.\n\nOLIVER, J. R.\n\nORD, Miss I. M.\n\nOVERBURY, Miss U. M.\n\nPATTERSON, G. N.\n\nPAYNE, Miss P. M.\n\nPEARSON, Miss E. F.\n\nPENNELL, W. V.\n\nPERESYPKIN, O. P. PHILLIPS, Prof. J. G. PICCIOTTO, Mrs. R. J.\n\nPICKFORD, J. B. PIKE, E. N.\n\nPLAG, Rev. A.\n\nPOLAND, T. D.\n\nPOLDY, Mrs. K. PORDES, F.\n\nA-4, Repulse Bay Mansions, 117 Repulse Bay Road, H.K.\n\n3, Macdonnell Road, Flat 602, H.K.\n\nc/o Jardine Matheson & Co., Ltd. (Insurance Department), H.K.\n\n12-1, Manson House, Nathan Rd., Kowloon. Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd. (Shipping Accounts Dept.) H.K.\n\n148, King Henry's Road, Swiss Cottage, London N.W.3, England.\n\n11, Queen's Gardens, Old Peak Road, H.K. Room 63, Hong Kong Club, H.K.\n\nDept. of Chinese, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine.\n\nc/o W.F. Bollmeyer & Co., (H.K.) Ltd. 408, Yu To Sang Building, HK.\n\nc/o The H.K. & Shanghai Banking Corpn., H.K.\n\nc/o Supreme Court, H.K.\n\nSisters' Qtrs., 802 King's Park House, Kowloon.\n\nThe Helena May, Garden Road, H.K.\n\n21 South Bay Road, Ground Floor, Repulse Bay, H.K.\n\n54 Buxey Lodge, 8th Floor, 37 Conduit Road, H.K.\n\nFlat 1002, 75 Macdonnell Road, H.K.\n\nC'an Boye! Mear Puerto Pollensa, Majorca, Spain.\n\nP. O. Box 1382, H.K.\n\nAlberose, 134 Pokfulum Road, H.K.\n\n46 Stubbs Road, H.K.\n\nFlat 2, Buxey Lodge, 37 Conduit Road, H.K. The Asia Foundation, 2 Old Peak Road, H.K.\n\nShouson Villa, Flat B, G/F, 16 Shouson Hill Road, H.K.\n\nButterfield & Swire (H.K.) Ltd. (Staff Dept.), Union House, H.K.\n\n37, Macdonnell Road, H.K.\n\nRoom 209, Gloucester Building, H.K.\n\n* Life Member\n\nPlease notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1967.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/0c488p70g",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 205675,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1968",
        "page_number": 217,
        "title": "RAS-1968",
        "content_text": "212\n\nMILLER, A. C.\n\nMILLER, C. F. O.*\n\nMOLTKE-HANSEN, Mrs. Olav.\n\nMOSLER, Mrs. M.\n\nMOYLE, G. C.\n\nNEILD, Mrs. Christine\n\nNELSON, Howard G. H.\n\nNEWBIGGING, D. K.\n\nNG, Ronald C. Y.\n\nNICHOLS, E. H.\n\nNIXON, F. A.*\n\nNOLDE, Prof. John J.\n\nNORONHA, J. E.\n\nOLIPHANT, R. G. L.\n\nOLIVER, J. R.\n\nORD, Miss I. M.\n\nOU, Miss G.\n\nOVERBURY, Miss U. M.\n\nPATTERSON, G. N.\n\nPAYNE, Miss P. M.\n\nPEARSON, Miss E. F.\n\nPENNELL, W. V.\n\nPERESYPKIN, O. P.\n\nPHILLIPS, Prof. J. G.\n\nPICCIOTTO, Mrs. R. J.\n\nPICKFORD, J. B.\n\nUnion Research Institute, 9 College Road, Kowloon.\n\nc/o Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, C.P.O. Box 255, Seoul, Korea.\n\nA-4, Repulse Bay Mansions, 117 Repulse Bay Road, H.K.\n\n3, Macdonnell Road, Flat 602, H.K.\n\n61 Mile Taipo Road, N.T.\n\n1201 Manson House, Nathan Road.\n\nc/o Universities Service Centre, 155 Argyle Street, Kowloon.\n\nc/o Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd., Jardine House, H.K.\n\n148, King Henry's Road, Swiss Cottage, London N.W.3, England.\n\n11, Queen's Gardens, Old Peak Road, H.K.\n\nRoom 63, Hong Kong Club, H.K.\n\nDept. of Chinese, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine, U.S.A.\n\nc/o W.F. Bollmeyer & Co., (H.K.) Ltd., 408, Yu To Sang Building, H.K.\n\nc/o The H.K. & Shanghai Banking Corpn., H.K.\n\nc/o Supreme Court, H.K.\n\nSisters' Qtrs., 802 King's Park House, Kowloon.\n\nc/o French Consulate General, P. O. Box 13, H.K.\n\nThe Helena May, Garden Road, H.K.\n\n21 South Bay Road, Ground Floor, Repulse Bay, H.K.\n\n1 Chater Hall, Ground floor, 1 Conduit Road, H.K.\n\nFlat 1002, 75 Macdonnell Road, H.K.\n\nC'an Boyet Mear Puerto Pollensa, Majorca, Spain.\n\nP. O. Box 1382, H.K.\n\nDept. of Zoology, University of Hull, England.\n\n46 Stubbs Road, H.K.\n\nFlat 2, Buxey Lodge, 37 Conduit Road, H.K.\n\n* Life Member\n\nPlease notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1968.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/66833948d",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 205798,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1969",
        "page_number": 104,
        "title": "RAS-1969",
        "content_text": "98\n\n: R. BRUCE 100\n\nR. BRUCE was delighted. But it was then, enjoying his astronomy, showing off his English, and gratifying his vanity in front of foreign dignitaries, that he contracted a fever from which he never recovered. He returned to Bangkok and was dead within a few weeks. The work which he had started was carried on by his Prime Minister, Praya Suriwongse, who acted as Regent of the country until the Crown Prince Chulalongkorn came of age. His reign was successful but the way had been opened by his father, King Mongkut.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\n\nSir John Bowring, The Kingdom and People of Siam, London, Parker and Son, 1857.\n\nW. A. R. Wood, A History of Siam, Bangkok 1924.\n\nD. G. E. Hall, A History of South-east Asia, London, 2nd edn., 1964.\n\nA. L. Moffat, Mongkut, the King of Siam, Cornell U.P., 1961.\n\nA. B. Griswold, King Mongkut of Siam, New York, Asia Soc., 1961,\n\nWalter F. Vella, 'The Impact of the West on Government in Thailand' in Publications on Political Science, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 317-415, University of California Press, 1955.\n\nVarious Journals of the Siam Society, Bangkok.\n\nThe quoted passages listed 1-6 are from the following:-\n\n1.\n\n2.\n\n3. From 'Siam and Sir James Brooke' by Nicholas Tarling in the Journal of the Siam Society, vol. XLVII Part 2, November 1960.\n\n4. From The Kingdom and People of Siam by Sir John Bowring, London, 1857.\n\n5. From Mongkut, the King of Siam by Abbot Law Moffat, Cornell University Press, 1961.\n\n6. From 'English Correspondence of King Mongkut' in the Journal of the Siam Society, vol. XXII, July 1928.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1969.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/9g553n20d",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 205800,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1969",
        "page_number": 106,
        "title": "RAS-1969",
        "content_text": "100\n\nR. BRUCE\n\nwas delighted. But it was then, enjoying his astronomy, showing off his English, and gratifying his vanity in front of foreign dignitaries, that he contracted a fever from which he never recovered. He returned to Bangkok and was dead within a few weeks. The work which he had started was carried on by his Prime Minister, Praya Suriwongse, who acted as Regent of the country until the Crown Prince Chulalongkorn came of age. His reign was successful but the way had been opened by his father, King Mongkut.\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\n\nSir John Bowring, The Kingdom and People of Siam, London, Parker and Son, 1857.\n\nW. A. R. Wood, A History of Siam, Bangkok 1924.\n\nD. G. E. Hall, A History of South-east Asia, London, 2nd edn., 1964.\n\nA. L. Moffat, Mongkut, the King of Siam, Cornell U.P., 1961.\n\nA. B. Griswold, King Mongkut of Siam, New York, Asia Soc., 1961.\n\nWalter F. Vella, 'The Impact of the West on Government in Thailand' in Publications on Political Science, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 317-415, University of California Press, 1955.\n\nVarious Journals of the Siam Society, Bangkok.\n\nThe quoted passages listed 1-6 are from the following:-\n\n1.\n\n2.\n\n3.\n\nFrom 'Siam and Sir James Brooke' by Nicholas Tarling in the Journal of the Siam Society, vol. XLVII Part 2, November 1960.\n\n4. From The Kingdom and People of Siam by Sir John Bowring, London, 1857.\n\n5. From Mongkut, the King of Siam by Abbot Law Moffat, Cornell University Press, 1961.\n\n6. From 'English Correspondence of King Mongkut' in the Journal of the Siam Society, vol. XXII, July 1928.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1969.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/9g553n20d",
        "rank": 0
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    {
        "id": 205894,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1969",
        "page_number": 200,
        "title": "RAS-1969",
        "content_text": "194\n\nMCCRARY, M.*\n\nMcELNEY, B. S.\n\nMcFADZEAN, Prof. A. J. S.\n\nMcKEIRNAN, Sister Agnes\n\nMCKEIRNAN,\n\nV. Rev. M. J.\n\n+\n\nL\n\nMcKENNA, Sister M. P.\n\nMCLEVIE, J. G.\n\nMEFFAN, Mrs. I. E.\n\nMEIJER, Dr. M. J.\n\nMICHAELIONES,\n\nMiss E. O.\n\nL\n\n=\n\nMIDDLEBROOK, R. W.\n\nMILBURN, K.\n\nMILLER, A. C.\n\nMILLER, C. F. O.*\n\nMOLTKE-HANSEN,\n\nMrs. O.\n\nMOSLER, Mrs. M. MOYLE, G. C.\n\nNEILD, Mrs. C.\n\nNEWBIGGING, D. K.\n\nNG, Dr. Ronald C. Y.\n\nNICHOLS, E. H.\n\nNIXON, F. A.*\n\nNOLDE, Prof. J. J.\n\nNORONHA, J. E.\n\n+\n\n+\n\n-\n\n-\n\n25-A Robinson Road, Top floor, H.K.\n\nJohnson Stokes & Master, Hong Kong Bank Building, H.K.\n\nUniversity of Hong Kong, H.K.\n\nMaryknoll Sisters, Waterloo Road, Kowloon.\n\nSt. Peter in Chains Catholic Church, Kowloon Tsai, Kowloon.\n\nMaryknoll Sisters, Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Dept. of Education, University of Hong Kong, H.K.\n\n92 Kitano-cho, 2-chome, Ikuta-ku, Kobe, Japan,\n\nConsulate General of the Netherlands, Room 1505, Central Building, H.K.\n\nc/o The British Council, 1, St. Mark's Avenue, Leeds 2, England.\n\n165, East 66th Street, New York 21, N.Y., U.S.A.\n\nMarine Dept., 102 Connaught Road, C., H.K.\n\n34 Kennedy Road, Block C, 9th Floor, H.K.\n\nc/o Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, C.P.O. Box 255, Seoul, Korea,\n\nA-4, Repulse Bay Mansions, 117 Repulse Bay Road, H.K.\n\n3, Macdonnell Road, Flat 602, H.K.\n\n64 Mile, Taipo Road, N.T.\n\n1201 Manson House, Nathan Road, Kowloon.\n\nc/o Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd., P.O. Box 70, H.K.\n\nc/o School of Oriental and African Studies, London, W.C.1, England.\n\n11, Queen's Gardens, Old Peak Road, H.K.\n\nRoom 63, Hong Kong Club, H.K. Dept. of Chinese, The University to the College of Arts and Science, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine.\n\nc/o W.F. Bollmeyer & Co., (H.K.) Ltd. 408, Yu To Sang Building, H.K.\n\n* Life Member\n\nPlease notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1969.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/9g553n20d",
        "rank": 0
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    {
        "id": 206154,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1970",
        "page_number": 234,
        "title": "RAS-1970",
        "content_text": "227\n\nMCKEIRNAN, V. Rev. M. J.\n\nMEFFAN, Mrs. 1. E.\n\nMICHAELIONES, Miss E. O,\n\nMIDDLEBROOK, R. W.*\n\nMILBURN, K.\n\nMILLER, A. C.\n\nMILLER, C. F. 0.*\n\nMOLTKE-HANSEN, Mrs. O.\n\nMOSLER, Mrs. M.\n\nMOYLE, G. C.\n\nMUNN, Mrs. Elizabeth\n\nNEILD, Mrs. C.\n\nNEWBIGGING, D. K.\n\nNG, Dr. Ronald C. Y.\n\nNG, Peter P. K.\n\nNICHOLS, E. H.\n\nNIXON, F. A.*\n\nNOLDE, Prof. J. J.\n\nNORONHA, J. E.\n\nO'BRIEN, Dr. J. P.\n\nOLIVER, J. R.\n\nORR, Jain C.\n\nOU, Miss G.\n\n+\n\n+\n\n-\n\n+\n\nSt. Peter in Chains Catholic Church, Kowloon Tsai, Kowloon.\n\n92 Kitano-cho, 2-chome, Ikuta-ku, Kobe, Japan.\n\nc/o The British Council, 1, St. Mark's Avenue, Leeds 2, England.\n\n165, East 66th Street, New York 21, N.Y., U.S.A.\n\nc/o Marine Dept., 102 Connaught Road, C., H.K.\n\n34 Kennedy Road, Block C, 9th Floor, H.K.\n\nc/o Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, C.P.O. Box 255, Seoul, Korea.\n\nA-4, Repulse Bay Mansions, 117 Repulse Bay Road, HK.\n\n3, Macdonnell Road, Flat 602, H.K.\n\n61 Mile, Taipo Road, N.T.\n\nc/o Taikoo Dockyard, Quarry Bay, H.K.\n\n1201 Manson House, Nathan Road, Kowloon.\n\nc/o Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd., P.O. Box 70, H.K.\n\n164 Prince Edward Road, 1st Floor, Kowloon.\n\n304, Man Yee Building, H.K.\n\n11, Queen's Gardens, Old Peak Road, H.K.\n\nRoom 63, Hong Kong Club, H.K.\n\nc/o Dept. of Chinese, The University to the College of Arts and Science. The University of Maine, Orono, Maine, U.S.A.\n\nc/o W.F. Bollmeyer & Co., (H.K.) Ltd. 408, Yu To Sang Building, H.K.\n\nSandy Bay Children's Orthopaedic Hospital, Sandy Bay, H.K.\n\nc/o Supreme Court, H.K.\n\n17 Crown Terrace, 3rd Floor, Bisney Villas, H.K.\n\nc/o French Consulate General, P. O. Box 13, H.K.\n\n* Life Member\n\nPlease notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1970.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/ww72j0241",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 206446,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1971",
        "page_number": 263,
        "title": "RAS-1971",
        "content_text": "237\n\nMCCABE, Mrs. S. J.\n\nMcCOY, Dr. J.\n\n2\n\nMcDOUALL, J. C.*\n\nMCCRARY, M.*\n\nMcELNEY, B. S.\n\nFlat 1, Abermor Court, May Road, H.K.\n\nDivision of Modern Languages, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.\n\nThe Old School, Souldern, Bicester, Oxfordshire, England.\n\nFlat 6A, United Mansion, 7 Shiu Fai Terrace, H.K.\n\nc/o Johnson Stokes & Master, H.K. Bank Building, H.K.\n\nMcFADZEAN, Prof. A. J. S. c/o University of Hong Kong, H.K.\n\nMcGEE, Mrs. Joan S.\n\nMCGEE, Dr. T. G.\n\nFlat 1A, 134 Pokfulum Road, H.K.\n\nDept. of Geography, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulum, H.K.\n\nMcKEIRNAN, V. Rev. M. J. Maryknoll House, Stanley, H.K.\n\nMEFFAN, Mrs. I. E.\n\nMICHAELIONES, Miss E. O.\n\nMIDDLEBROOK, R. W.*\n\nMILBURN, K.\n\nMILLER, A. C.\n\nMILLER, C. F. O.*\n\nMOLTKE-HANSEN, Mrs. O.\n\nMOSLER, Mrs. M.\n\nMOYLE, G. C.\n\nMUNN, Mrs. Elizabeth\n\nNEILD, Mrs. C.\n\nNEWBIGGING, D. K.\n\nNG, Dr. Ronald C. Y.\n\nNG, Peter P. K.\n\nNICHOLS, E. H.\n\nNICOL, C. A. A.\n\nNIXON, F. A.\n\nB10, Repulse Bay Mansion, Repulse Bay, H.K.\n\nThe British Council, Halls Croft, Old Town, Stratford-upon-Avon, England.\n\n165, East 66th Street, New York 21, N.Y., U.S.A.\n\nc/o Marine Dept., 102 Connaught Road, C., H.K.\n\n34 Kennedy Road, Block C, 9th Floor, H.K. c/o Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, C.P.O. Box 255, Seoul, Korea.\n\nA-4, Repulse Bay Mansions, 117 Repulse Bay Road, H.K.\n\n3, Macdonnell Road, Flat 602, H.K.\n\n64 Mile, Taipo Road, N.T.\n\nc/o Taikoo Dockyard, Quarry Bay, H.K.\n\n1201 Manson House, Nathan Road, Kowloon,\n\nc/o Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd., P.O. Box 70, H.K.\n\n164 Prince Edward Road, 1st Floor, Kowloon,\n\n304, Man Yee Building, H.K.\n\n11, Queen's Gardens, Old Peak Road, H.K. No. 8 Abermor Court, 15 May Road, H.K. Room 63, Hong Kong Club, H.K.\n\n* Life Member\n\nPlease notify the Hon. Secretary of any inaccuracy",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1971.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/z029vt43g",
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    },
    {
        "id": 206680,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1972",
        "page_number": 228,
        "title": "RAS-1972",
        "content_text": "222\n\nBOOK REVIEWS\n\nwithin the economy it is true, but such is not the purpose of forecasting it is the result that matters, not the economic significance of the method of obtaining it.\n\nThis review is not falling into that mould of criticism which consists of the complaint: why did not the author write a different kind of book to the one which he actually wrote? The point here is that a specific task could have been performed better in less than one fifth of the space which this book occupies. The length of this book is prodigious relative to its achievement. The authors seem anxious to perform techniques which have become respectable in economics and write as if the scientific weight of a publication corresponds to its physical weight. The chapter on cotton, for instance, covers twenty-six pages but requires only the last three to state its effective contribution that given the importance of quota restrictions in Hong Kong's textile trade one may as well predict simply on the basis of past trends. The description of the industry which precedes this is irrelevant and pedestrian. All the chapters which deal with the projections of Hong Kong's domestic production of primary products share the same fault: descriptions of the sector concerned, in great detail but without analytical insights, are provided which do not link in any discernable way to the straightforward extrapolations which eventually emerge.\n\nIn short, the book fails. It is difficult to imagine any reader interested in the results. Many will be interested in the methods but here there is room for doubts that the econometrics have been imaginatively executed and the feeling that the authors have been excessively optimistic about the accuracy of the predictions of income and population. The effective passages of the book which actually come to grips with the task of forecasting are ponderously padded out, regrettably, because this aspect of the work threatens to obscure its merits, namely, the feel for economic statistics and the ability of the authors to write interestingly about them.\n\nUniversity of Hong Kong, and\n\nDepartment of Trade and Industry, London\n\nNICHOLAS OWEN.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1972.txt",
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    {
        "id": 207183,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1974",
        "page_number": 254,
        "title": "RAS-1974",
        "content_text": "LIFE MEMBERS:\n\nLIU, D. H.\n\nLO, T. S.\n\nLOSEBY, Miss Patricia\n\nLUK, George P. C.\n\nLUM, Miss Ada\n\nMacKENZIE, John\n\nMcCRARY, M.\n\nMcKEIRNAN, Rev. Michael J., M.M.\n\nNICHOLS, E. H.\n\nNORONHA, J. E.\n\nOGDEN, B. J. N.\n\nOU, Miss G.\n\nPAIN, J. H.\n\nPICCUS, R. P.\n\nPOLAND, T. D.\n\nRAYNER, Mrs. C. M.\n\nRIDE, Sir Lindsay, C.B.E.\n\nRIDE, Lady L.\n\nROGERS, Rev. D.\n\nRUST, H. A.\n\nRYDINGS, H. A., M.B.E.\n\nSEED, Brian\n\nSELLETT, G.\n\nSERSALE, Miss Sheila\n\nSMITH, Leslie, O.B.E.\n\nSPOONER, M. G.\n\n305, Prince Edward Road, Flat 5-D, Kowloon.\n\nc/o Lo & Lo, Jardine House, 7th floor, H.K.\n\nc/o Russ & Co., 523/5 Gloucester Building, 5th floor, H.K.\n\nB-38, Po Shan Mansions, No. 10, Po Shan Road, H.K.\n\n142, Boundary Street, Kowloon.\n\nDavie, Boag & Co. Ltd., Jardine House, H.K.\n\nFlat 6A, United Mansions, 7, Shiu Fai Terrace, H.K.\n\nMaryknoll Fathers, Tung Tao Tsuen, Kowloon.\n\n11, Queen's Gardens, Old Peak Road, H.K.\n\n8, Hereford Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon.\n\nc/o The Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp., P.O. Box 64, H.K.\n\nc/o French Consulate General, P.O. Box 13, H.K.\n\nConnaught Centre, 35th floor, H.K.\n\nITT Far East & Pacific Inc., G.P.O. Box 15349, H.K.\n\nButterfield & Swire (HK) Ltd., Union House, H.K.\n\nDept. of History, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, H.K.\n\nBauhinia Garden, 34, Chung Hom Kok Road, Stanley, H.K.\n\nBauhinia Garden, 34, Chung Hom Kok Road, Stanley, H.K.\n\nUnion Church, Kennedy Road, H.K.\n\nPalmer & Turner, Prince's Building, 19th floor, H.K.\n\nThe Library, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, H.K.\n\nc/o Diocesan Boys' School, Mongkok, Kowloon.\n\n\"Pinecrest\", N.K.L. 3543, Tai Po Road, Kowloon.\n\n11A, Cameron House, 40 Magazine Gap Road, H.K.\n\n813, Caritas House, 2 Caine Road, H.K.\n\nThe Registry, University of Hong Kong, H.K.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1974.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/x633mp077",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 208220,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1977",
        "page_number": 259,
        "title": "RAS-1977",
        "content_text": "LIST OF MEMBERS\n\n243\n\nLIFE MEMBERS:\n\nMcKEIRNAN, Rev. M. J. - Maryknoll Fathers, Tung Tao Tsuen, Kowloon.\n\nMARDEN, Mrs. J. L. - 14 Shek O, Hong Kong.\n\nNICHOLS, Hon. E. H. - 11, Queen's Gardens, Old Peak Road, Hong Kong.\n\nNORONHA, J. E. - 8 Hereford Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon.\n\nOGDEN, B. J. N. - Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corpn., P.O. Box 64, Hong Kong.\n\nOU, Miss G. - French Consulate General, P.O. Box 13, Hong Kong.\n\nPAIN, J. H. - Hong Kong Tourist Association, Connaught Centre 35/F, Hong Kong.\n\nPICCUS, R. P. - Continental Can International Corporation, Hutchison House, G.P.O. Box 10044, Hong Kong.\n\nRAWLINSON, M. C. - Flat 22 Green Lane Hall, Blue Pool Road, Happy Valley, Hong Kong.\n\nRAYNER, Mrs. C. M. - Dept. of History, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.\n\nRITCHIE, D. J. - Flat 4A, 45 Repulse Bay Road, Hong Kong.\n\nRIDE, Lady - 42, Chung Hom Kok Road, Stanley, Hong Kong.\n\nRYDINGS, H. A., M.B.E. - The Library, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.\n\nRUST, H. A. - Palmer & Turner, Prince's Building 19/F, Hong Kong.\n\nSEED, B. - Diocesan Boys' School, Mongkok, Kowloon.\n\nSELLETT, G. - 'Pinecrest', N.K.I.L. 3542, Tai Po Road, Kowloon.\n\nSERSALE, Miss Sheila - 11A Cameron House, 40 Magazine Gap Road, Hong Kong.\n\nSMITH, Rev. C. T. - Chung Chi College, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T.\n\nSPOONER, M. G. - The Registry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.\n\nSTEVENS, K. G. - Apt. 4B, 26 Magazine Gap Road, Hong Kong.\n\nSU, Dr. Chung-jen - 155 Blue Pool Road, Flat A, 1st f., Hong Kong.\n\nTAN, Khek-Seng - A, 11th Fl., Elegant Garden, 11 Conduit Road, Hong Kong.\n\nTANG, Mrs. Madeleine - 8C Grenville House, 1, Magazine Gap Road, Hong Kong.\n\nTANG, Sir Shiu-kin, C.B.E. - The Kowloon Motor Bus Co. Ltd., Room 1701 Central Building, Hong Kong.\n\nTHOMAS, L. F. - Lowe, Bingham & Mathews, Prince's Building, 22/F, Hong Kong.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1977.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/np198x23n",
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    },
    {
        "id": 208711,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1979",
        "page_number": 168,
        "title": "RAS-1979",
        "content_text": "THE MARYKNOLL MISSION, HONG KONG 1941-46\n\n141\n\nonly a handful of British representatives, among them the Colonial Secretary who went out into the city from the Internment Camp, until the British Forces arrived to take over.\n\n\"At Stanley a crowd of people were all set to loot the Maryknoll House of doors, windows, floors, sinks and so forth, but Bishop Valtorta came out as soon as the surrender became known and asked the Carmelite Sisters to send someone up to the house and remain there to protect our property. A couple of extern Sisters accordingly went up and took possession of the house. The Japanese had taken the hard wood flooring on the top floor and had carried it to the nearby valley north of the Stanley reservoir, in order to build a last stand field headquarters, which, however, they never did use. After we got to the house I gave some Stanley people work carrying the material back down again and Father Mark Tennien had the flooring relaid when he later on took over as Procurator.\n\n\"Practically all the equipment and furniture that was not fastened down had disappeared, such as sinks and kitchen stove. The hardwood chapel pews apparently could not be used for anything, and were too hard to split, so they were found piled up intact in the sacristy. All the books in our library had either been burned or carried away and the furniture moved out for use elsewhere by the Japanese.\n\n\"Upon arrival I at once wrote to Father George Daly and he sent out a full supply of china, cutlery, kitchenware and linens. Father Tennien had new furniture made after he took over.\n\n\"Shortly after internment I went to live with Bishop Valtorta, while Father Hessler remained at Stanley where he acted as chaplain to the Carmelite Sisters, and also did some work among the Japanese interned at Stanley Fort. It was while in Hong Kong with the Bishop that Father Maestrini and I got some quarters, formerly leased to the Germans, in the King's Building, for the Catholic Center and St. Nicholas Catholic Club. We had to scrounge furniture for the latter and carry it up 5 flights of stairs, as the lifts were not yet in working order. Captain O'Connell of the British Navy and Father Chatterton, Navy Chaplain, arranged all the official details and permissions for the Club. Father Chatterton even went with us to scrounge furniture and the Captain provided a lorry for transportation. They also arranged for us to get from the Navy",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1979.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/2801w5938",
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    },
    {
        "id": 208809,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1979",
        "page_number": 266,
        "title": "RAS-1979",
        "content_text": "LOCAL LIFE MEMBERS\n\nMCCRARY, Mr. Michael,\n\nFlat 6A United Mansions, 7 Shiu Fai Terrace, HONG KONG,\n\nMCKEIRNAN. Rev. Michael, MM\n\nMaryknoll Fathers,\n\nBishop Ford Centre,\n\nTung Tao Tsuen, KOWLOON.\n\n8 Hereford Road,\n\nNORONHA, Mr. J. E.,\n\nKowloon Tong,\n\nKOWLOON.\n\nNICHOLS, The Hon. Mr. E. H.,\n\n11 Queen's Gardens,\n\nOld Peak Road,\n\nHONG KONG,\n\nOGDEN, Mr. B. J. N.,\n\nc/o The Hongkong and Shanghai\n\nBanking Corp.,\n\nP.O. Box 64, HONG KONG.\n\nOU, Miss G.,\n\nc/o French Consulate General, P.O. Box 13,\n\nHONG KONG.\n\nPAIN, Mr. J. H., J.P.\n\nHong Kong Tourist Association, Connaught Centre, 35/Fl., HONG KONG.\n\nPICCUS, Mr. R. P.,\n\nContinental Can International Corp., Hutchison House, G.P.O. Box 10044, HONG KONG.\n\nRAWLINSON, Mr. M. C., c/o Personnel Registry, Police Headquarters, Arsenal Street, HONG KONG.\n\nRAYNER, Mrs. C. M., Dept. of History, University of Hong Kong, HONG KONG.\n\nRIDE, Lady,\n\nAl Repulse Bay Apartments, 101 Repulse Bay Road, HONG KONG.\n\nRITCHIE, Mr. D. J. 912 Hermitage, 75 Macdonnell Road, HONG KONG.\n\nRYDINGS, Mr. H. A., MBE, The Library,\n\nUniversity of Hong Kong, HONG KONG.\n\nRUST, Mr. H. A., Palmer and Turner, OTB Building,\n\n160 Gloucester Road, HONG KONG.\n\nSEED, Mr. Brian, 1A 92 Main Street, Stanley,\n\nHONG KONG.\n\nSELLETT, Mr. George, \"Pinecrest\", N.K.I.L., 3543 Tai Po Road, KOWLOON.\n\nSERSALE, Miss Sheila M., IIA Cameron House, 40 Magazine Gap Road, HONG KONG.\n\nSHAW, Dr. Brian C., 72 Middleton Towers, 140 Pokfulam Road, HONG KONG.\n\nSHAW, Mrs. Felicity, 72 Middleton Towers, 140 Pokfulam Road, HONG KONG.\n\nSMITH, Rev. Carl T., Chung Chi College,\n\nChinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,\n\nNEW TERRITORIES.\n\nSMITH, Mr. Leslie C.,\n\nc/o Robert M. Drummond, 37 Dina House,\n\n5 Duddell Street, HONG KONG.\n\nSPOONER, Mr. Michael G., The Registry,\n\nUniversity of Hong Kong, HONG KONG\n\nSTEVENS, Mr. Keith G., Apt. 4B,\n\n26 Magazine Gap Road, HONG KONG.\n\nSU, Dr. Chung Jen, 155 Blue Pool Road, Flat A, 1st Floor, HONG KONG.\n\n239",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1979.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/2801w5938",
        "rank": 0
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    {
        "id": 209327,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1981",
        "page_number": 230,
        "title": "RAS-1981",
        "content_text": "216\n\nFABER, Mrs G.A.G. FAWCETT, Mr B.C. FRASER, Mr A.P. GALVIN, Mr J.A.T.\n\nGEORGE, Mr Timothy J.B. GIEDROYC, Mr Michael J.H. GOLDNEY, Miss C.M. HARDEN, Mrs Guy T., Jr. HAYDON, Mr E.S. HECHTEL, Mr F.O.P. HOWARTH, Mr Richard H. HUGHES, Mrs Marion HURT, Miss Evelyn J. INGLES, Miss Jean M. IRETON, Mrs Polly H. JOHNSTON, Mr James J. JORDAN, Dr David K. KIDD, Mr S.T.\n\n7\n\nKNOWLES, Miss Moria G. KNOWLES, Mrs W.C.G. KURATA, Mrs Lucien LANCHESTER Mrs G.W. LAUFER, Mr E.M. LAUFER, Mrs B.M. LI, DR Choh-Ming LINDSAY, Mr T.J. LOTHROP, Mr Francis B. MANSFIELD, Miss M.B. MICHAELIONES, Miss E.O. MILL, Major C.S., USMC MILLER, Mr Carl F.O. NICHOLS, The Hon. Mr E.H. O'BRIEN, Father J.R. PLAG, Rev. Albrecht POLAND, Mr Thomas D. RITCHIE, Mr Douglas J. ROBINSON, Prof. K.E. ROTHE, Mr Ulrich. SINFIELD, Mr G.HC. SPERRY, Mr Henry M. STEVENS, Mr Keith G. SWIRE, Mr A.C.\n\nTILL, The Very Rev. Barry TURNER, Sir Michael WARD, Miss Janet E.A. WELCH, Mr Holmes H. WHITELEGGE, Mr D.S. WOLF, Mr John\n\nORDINARY OVERSEAS MEMBERS\n\nANDERSON, Dr Eugene N., Jr.\n\nBARR, Mr J.W. BEVERIDGE, Mr R.J. BOND, Mr Michael W. CHAR, Mr Tin Yuke CHINN, Mrs Caroline Lee CLARK, Mrs A.T. COOPER, Dr Eugene\n\nDE FAZIO, Mr & Mrs M.F. EASTON, Ms. Linda\n\nFESSLER, Mr Loren FITZGIBBON, Mr Desmond GARD, Dr Richard A.\n\nGILMAN, Ms Claudia\n\nGOODRICH, Prof. L. Carrington\n\nHARRISON, Prof, B.\n\nHEMMING, Miss Janet M. HODGSON, Mr A.F.\n\nHODGSON, Mrs Kirsty Hamilton HOGAN, Mr James HUYSMAN, Mr J.\n\nKNEEBONE, Mrs Susan\n\nKRAMERS, Dr R.P. LIU, Prof. Ts'un Yan LU, Mrs Sylvia MACLEAN, Mr Roderick MATHIAS, Dr John R.G. McCOY, Mr John\n\nMORGAN, Mrs Carole MYERS, Mr John T. PARR, Mr M.J.\n\nREDFERN, Mr O'Donnell S. REID, Mr A.J.H. SCHWARZER, Mr C.A. SELWYN, Mr J.B. SMITH, Dr Ralph B. STEEDS, Mr David\n\nSTOKES, Mr John\n\nSTRAUCH, Dr Judith STURM, Prof. Fred Gillette VILLIERS, Dr John WATSON, Dr James L. WICKBERG, Professor Edgar",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1981.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/ff36bt18m",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 209613,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1982",
        "page_number": 270,
        "title": "RAS-1982",
        "content_text": "248\n\nCARL T. SMITH\n\n30, 31 Jan., 2 Feb. 1903\n\nMarshall, 1898)\n\n1903/04\n\n14, 16, 17 Nov. 1903 -\n\n1898)\n\n―\n\n1903/04\n\n1904/05\n\n▬▬\n\n\"His Excellency the Governor\" (R.\n\n\"Lord and Lady Algy\" (R. C. Carton,\n\n11, 12, 14 Dec. 1903\n\n(Wilde, 1895)\n\n\"The Importance of Being Earnest\"\n\nT\n\n13, 18, 19, 20 Feb., 11, 12 Mar. 1904 \"His Excellency\"\n\n(W. S. Gilbert and O. Carr, 1890)\n\n19, 20, 23, 24, 26, 28 Nov. 1904 \"Dorothy\" comedy opera\n\n(B. C. Stephenson and A. Collier, 1886)\n\n21, 23, 28, Jan. 1905 \"Jane\" (H. Nichols and W. Lestrey,\n\n1890)\n\n7, 8, 10 Apr. 1905\n\nEsmond, 1897) —\n\n\"One Summer Day\" comedy (H. V.\n\n1905/06\n\n12, 13, 15 Jan. 1906\n\n1894) —\n\n\"The New Boy\" farce (Arthur Law,\n\n\"Princess Toto\" (W. S.\n\n15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21 Feb. 1906 Gilbert and F. Clay, 1876)\n\n+\n\n31 Mar. 2, 3 Apr. 1906\n\n28, 30 Apr., 1 May, 1906\n\n(Arthur Law, 1902)\n\n1906/07\n\n20, 21, 22 Dec. 1906\n\nPinero, 1888) —\n\n15, 16, 18 Feb. 1907\n\n(C. H. Darnley,\n\n\"Lady Huntsworth Experiment\"\n\n\"A Country Mouse\" comedy\n\n\"The Hobby Horse\" comedy (A. W.\n\n\"Facing the Music\" farcical comedy 1899)\n\n1907/08\n\n←\n\n20, 21, 22, 25 Feb. 1908\n\n1897) -\n\n1908/09\n\n1909/10\n\n\"The Liars\" comedy (H. A. Jones,\n\n2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 Dec. 1908, 19, 20 Feb. 1909: \"A Country Girl\"\n\nmusical\n\n17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, Jan., 18, 19 Feb. 1910 \"The Torcodor\"\n\nmusical comedy\n\n12, 13, 16 Apr. 1910\n\nRyley, 1901)\n\n\"Mice and Men\" comedy (M. L.\n\n!\n\n1910/11\n\nno production.\n\n1911/12\n\n-\n\n13, 27 Jan. 1912 Grand Variety Entertainment and\n\nHarlequinade \"as performed at Drury Lane in 1870\",\n\nPage 270\n\nPage 271",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1982.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/mk61z420p",
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    },
    {
        "id": 209732,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1982",
        "page_number": 389,
        "title": "RAS-1982",
        "content_text": "367\n\nARMERDING, Mr. L.E.\n\nOVERSEAS LIFE MEMBERS\n\nBAKER, Dr. H.D.R. BAKER, Mr. W.E.\n\nBALL, Mr. J.M. BARNETT, Mr. K.M.A. BENNISON, Mr. L.L. BERTUCCIOLI, Dr. G. BLACKMORE, Mr. M.\n\nBLACK, Sir Robert BLAKER, Mr. D.J.R.\n\nCAPLAN, Mr. M. CARLSON, Miss R.E. CATER, Sir Jack CLARKE, Rev. C.S. COCKELL, Miss J.V. COLLIN, Mr. P.H. COSBY, Mr. L.P.S.G. CRANMER-BYNG, Prof. J.L. CUMMING, Mrs. D.M.\n\nDUNCANSON, Mr. J.D.\n\nEWING, Miss E.\n\nFABER, Mrs. A. FABER, Mrs. G.A.G. FAWCETT, Mr. B.C. FRASER, Mr. A.P.\n\nGALVIN, Mr. J.A.T. GEORGE, Mr. T.J.B. GIEDROYC, Mr. M.J.H. GOLDNEY, Miss C.M.\n\nHARDEN, Mrs. G.T. HAYDON, Mr. E.S. HECHTEL, Mr. F.O.P. HOGAN, Mr. J. HOWARTH, Mr. R.H. HUGHES, Mrs. M. HURT, Miss E.J.\n\nINGLES, Miss J.M. IRETON, Mrs. P.H.\n\nJOHNSTON, Mr. J.J. JORDAN, Dr. D.K.\n\nKIDD, Mr. S.T.\n\nLOTHROP, Mr. F.B.\n\nMACLEAN, Mr. R. MANSFIELD, Miss M.B. MICHAELIONES, Miss E.O. MILL, Major C.S. MILLER, Mr. C.F.O.\n\nNICHOLS, Mr. E.H.\n\nO'BRIEN, Father J.R.\n\nPLAG, Mr. A. POLAND, Mr. T.D.\n\nRITCHIE, Mr. D.J. ROBINSON, Prof. K.E. ROTHE, Mr. U.\n\nKNOWLES, Miss M.G. SINFIELD, Mr. G.H.C.\n\nKNOWLES, Mrs. W.C.G.\n\nKURATA, Mrs. L.\n\nLANCHESTER, Mrs. G.W. LAUFER, Mr. E.M. LAUFER, Mrs. B.M. LI, Dr. C.M.\n\nLINDSAY, Mr. T.J. LISOWSKI, Prof. F.P.\n\nSPERRY, Mr. H.M. STEVENS, Mr. K.G. SWIRE, Mr. A.C.\n\nTURNER, Sir Michael\n\nWARD, Miss J.E.A. WATSON, Dr. J.L. WHITELEGGE, Mr. D.S.\n\nLISOWSKI, Mrs. W.Y. WOLF, Mr. J.\n\nLOES, Dr. S. de\n\nANDERSON, Dr. E.N.\n\nORDINARY OVERSEAS MEMBERS\n\nBARR, Mr. J.W. BEVERIDGE, Mr. R.J. BOND, Mr. M.W.\n\nCHAR, Mr. T.Y. CHINN, Mrs. C.L. CLARK, Mrs. A.T. CONROY, Dr. R. COOPER, Dr. E.\n\nDE FAZIO, Mr. & Mrs. M.F.\n\nEASTON, Ms. L.\n\nHEMMING, Miss J.M. HODGSON, Mr. A.F. HODGSON, Mrs. K.H. HUYSMAN, Mr. J.\n\nFESSLER, Mr. L. FITZGIBBON, Mr. D.\n\nGARD, Dr. R.A. GOODRICH, Prof. L.C.\n\nHARRISON, Prof. B.\n\nKNEEBONE, Mrs. S.\n\nKRAMERS, Dr. R.P.\n\nLIU, Prof. T.Y. LU, Mrs. S.\n\nMATHIAS, Dr. J.R.G.\n\nMcCOY, Mr. J.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1982.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/mk61z420p",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 209902,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1983",
        "page_number": 161,
        "title": "RAS-1983",
        "content_text": "139\n\n50 workers and only 0.3% had 500 workers or more at that time. Lastly, these mills were among the most highly mechanized factories in Hong Kong. In the 1970's, the spindle to worker ratio in this industry had exceeded 40.\n\nMost of the data on the cotton spinners were obtained by face-to-face interviews. I attempted to interview two directors—the chief executive who held the title of chairman or managing director, and the director with the second largest share-holding as shown in the company records from each of the thirty-two mills. Forty interviews were completed and twenty-three mills were covered.\n\n'Forced choice' questionnaire items were used to assess the business attitudes of my respondents. Some of these items were developed by Nichols in his study of British businessmen (1969). I borrowed them for comparative purposes. As Nichols has restricted his attention to just one aspect of business ideology, namely the businessman's conception of social responsibility, I have added other items to cover a broader range of themes. This forced choice method differs from two other major approaches in the study of business ideology. The research of Bendix represents the historical, cross-cultural approach (1954; 1956; 1959). It is legitimate for him to eschew the use of questionnaires as he is primarily concerned with what Karl Mannheim calls the 'total conception of ideology' (1936: 49-53). He wants to assess the ethos of an entire age and society with special reference to the authority relationship between employers and workers. The stress is on the ideology about industrial activities, not the ideology of industrialists. He considers the ideas of theorists who were not businessmen themselves as he is concerned with broad ideological drifts, not individual or group beliefs. The second approach, which may be called an elitist approach (Sutton et al. 1956; Heilbroner, 1964; Christ, 1970; Seider, 1974), is closer to the forced choice method in that both are dealing with 'particular conceptions of ideology' or the attitudes of a specific sector in society. Beyond this similarity, however, the elitist approach has its focus on the public statements of prominent businessmen. The contents of the speeches or writings of the 'industrial statesmen' are analysed with various degrees of rigour. Such a focus has",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1983.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/j9607p61v",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 209903,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1983",
        "page_number": 162,
        "title": "RAS-1983",
        "content_text": "140\n\nseveral blind spots. It is not attuned to opinions held in private: it disregards the views of the 'silent majority'; and it tends to neglect unstated assumptions. The forced choice method, on the other hand, is more sensitive to these issues. It is also more specific and representative in its coverage, and the responses can be quantified with less ambiguity. Of course, it has its own limitations. The main one is that the themes and 'ideological choices' are imposed on the respondents. In other words, their saliency to the businessmen is problematic. With these features of the forced choice method in mind, let us examine the response patterns of the Hong Kong Chinese cotton spinners in relation to the following themes: social responsibility; government-business relationships; industrial harmony and conflict; competition and cooperation; autonomy and self-employment; as well as profit-sharing.\n\nSocial responsibility\n\nThe emergence of a business doctrine of social responsibility is sometimes thought to be related to the separation of ownership and control in industrialized societies, (Nichols 1969: 52-57). Theorists of this persuasion argue that such a separation has given birth to a new class of professional manager-directors. Their relationship to industrial capital is said to differ from that of the traditional owner-directors, thus they tend to have a dissimilar business orientation. They are presumed to be less concerned with maximizing profits for their companies and are more prepared to adopt a broader vision for the public weal and collective welfare. If this theory is sound, we should expect to find fewer adherents to the ideology of social responsibility among the Hong Kong Chinese industrialists than their Western counterparts because of a much lower degree of dissociation between ownership and control in the Colony. As they were mostly owner-directors, the Hong Kong cotton spinners might adopt the classical position of laissez-faire. After all, they were living in an environment which was regarded as conducive to this classical ideology. One observer describes Hong Kong as 'John Stuart Mill's Other Island', while another believes that \"[free] competition provides local industries with a Darwinian test of their ability to survive', (Smith 1966; Owen 1971; for a more",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1983.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/j9607p61v",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 209904,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1983",
        "page_number": 163,
        "title": "RAS-1983",
        "content_text": "141\n\nsophisticated view of the Hong Kong government as practising ‘macroeconomic laissez-faire and microeconomic intervention’, see Glassburner and Riedel 1972). This type of economic jungle had once existed in Chinese coastal cities. In Fei Xiao-tong’s view, the ‘morally unstable’ elements in Chinese society had congregated in these cities to become the early Chinese bourgeoisie (1946: 14-15):\n\nto such ports a special type of Chinese was attracted. They are known as Compradors... They are unscrupulous, pecuniary, individualistic, and agnostic, not only in religion but cultural values. Treaty ports are ultraurban. They are a land where the acquisition of wealth is the sole motive, devoid of tradition and culture\n\nAs their children grow up, they give them modern education and send them abroad to attend Western universities. From this group a new class is formed\n\nBut, being reared in a cosmopolitan community, they are fundamentally hybrids. In them are manifest the comprador characteristic of social irresponsibility.”\n\nSome of the offspring of this bourgeoisie had migrated to Hong Kong in the 1940s and set up a new textile industry. Their moral rectitude had apparently not been strengthened. Oksenberg finds the industrialists in the cotton spinning and weaving industries to be ‘not civic minded men’ but men motivated by ‘unbridled avarice’, (1972: 6).\n\nTwo hypotheses about the social ethics of Hong Kong’s cotton spinning industrialists have thus emerged. First, proportionally fewer of them would subscribe to the doctrine of social responsibility than their Western counterparts. Second, they were mostly economic men of the classical laissez-faire mould. In order to test these hypotheses, I used a modified version of the forced choice questionnaire developed by Nichols (1969: 254-255). Nichols assumes the existence of three ideological positions with reference to the social ethics of business. Other than the social responsibility and laissez-faire positions, he posits a third orientation that justifies business decisions in terms of the long range interests of the company. He chooses four areas of concern: redundancy provisions for workers; the social\n\nI",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1983.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/j9607p61v",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 209905,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1983",
        "page_number": 164,
        "title": "RAS-1983",
        "content_text": "142\n\npurpose of business; community participation for the businessmen; and workers' rights to company information. In each area, three statements are formulated to represent the various ideological standpoints. Respondents are asked to select one statement among the three which is closest to their own beliefs. Their choices are then taken to indicate whether they are predisposed to a laissez-faire, long term company interest, or social responsibility ideology.1\n\n1 I have retained Nichols' areas of concern except for the group of statements on workers' rights to company information because I believe it is too narrowly confined to internal company policy which is also not a salient issue in Hong Kong industry. In its place, I substitute a group of statements on political participation for businessmen which I feel provides a clearer ideological contrast. After this alteration, the statements representing the three ideological positions are as follows:\n\n(1) Laissez-faire -- Protecting workers against unemployment is not part of management's responsibility. A firm has little control over market fluctuations. During recessions, lay off of workers is necessary to ensure economic viability of the company./A firm exists for one purpose only: to make a profit. Managers should not, and cannot, be concerned with social and moral consequences. If they were, the firm's economic position could suffer which would be bad for the economy as well./An industrialist has enough work to do without becoming a leading figure in the community. If he wishes to do so, that is his affair. But as a manager his place is in the firm./Politics is politics and business is business. Industrialists should not get involved in political affairs.\n\n(2) Long range interests -- An employee will work better if he has job security. It is therefore in the long-term interest of the company to avoid laying off workers during economic recessions./Profit is the one absolute in business and it is to the community's benefit that this be so. But in the interest of long-term survival, every firm must gain the sympathetic understanding and cooperation of other members of society./For the good of the enterprise, industrialists should convince",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1983.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/j9607p61v",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 209906,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1983",
        "page_number": 165,
        "title": "RAS-1983",
        "content_text": "the public that they are concerned citizens contributing actively to the welfare of the society. Community service and public speeches are powerful forms of public relations, and directors should accept invitations to write and speak on public platforms, and to serve on voluntary bodies in the community. Political decisions inevitably affect industry. Industrialists should have their own representatives to deal with the government and to protect their interests.\n\n(3) Social responsibility Unemployment will create a lot of social problems. As a matter of social and moral responsibility, management should not use lay off as a means to cope with economic recessions. A business conducted solely for monetary gain is not ethical. A firm is part of society and should further the well-being of the whole community. The management has responsibilities for the welfare of its shareholders, employees, customers, as well as the society at large. Every industry has a social responsibility to the community. It is the duty of senior executives to fulfil this by contributing their skills and knowledge to public life. Politics is the concern of every member of society, and industrialists should participate actively in political discussions.\n\nThe general ideological orientation of the respondents can be measured by the total distribution of their choices among the three ideological clusters. As Table 1 shows, most of the cotton spinners did not regard themselves as pure economic men. They did not advocate unrestrained competition or a single-minded pursuit of profit. Similar to Nichols' sample of British Industrialists,2 their preoccupation was the long term benefits of their enterprises. This tendency emerges more clearly if we consider the pattern of non-selection. Only one respondent out of 35 failed to choose any of the statements representing long range interest, while the corresponding numbers for social responsibility and laissez-faire statements were ten and sixteen respectively. But these are only gross distributions of ideological choices. It is possible that the attitudinal responses were made in a haphazard fashion without individual consistencies. In other words, ideological positions in the sense of organized patterns of attitudes might not exist. To settle this point, the data can be\n\nPage 165\n\nPage 166",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1983.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/j9607p61v",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 209907,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1983",
        "page_number": 166,
        "title": "RAS-1983",
        "content_text": "144\n\nrearranged in two ways. We can assess the consistency of choices across the four areas of concern. In Table 2, it is shown that there are no significant variations across these areas except on the topic of community participation. The same deviation occurs in Nichols' findings. Only 22 percent of his sample chose the long term interest item on community participation, (1969; 179). One of my respondents, A17, provided the explanation for this anomaly. He considered the item in question and said,\n\n'Certain people are eloquent and can give a powerful speech without much preparation. I am not. Not that I am unwilling to do it, I can't do it.'\n\nTable 1: Attitudes Toward Social Responsibility Among Hong Kong Cotton Spinners and British Industrialists\n\n  \n    \n    Hong Kong Spinners\n    British Industrialists\n  \n  \n    \n    No. of choices\n    Percentage\n    No. of choices\n    Percentage\n  \n  \n    Ideological Set\n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    Laissez-faire\n    22\n    16\n    27\n    10\n  \n  \n    Long range interest\n    78\n    57\n    149\n    57\n  \n  \n    Social responsibility\n    37\n    27\n    84\n    32\n  \n  \n    No answer\n    3\n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    \n    140*\n    100\n    260\n    100**\n  \n\nNotes:\n\n* Five of the respondents had not answered this section. Thus the total number of choices are those of 35 respondents only.\n\n** Not exactly 100 due to rounding.\n\nSource: Interviews, 1978; Nichols 1969: 169.\n\nTable 2: Ideological Preferences of Hong Kong Cotton Spinners by Areas of Concern (%)\n\n  \n    Ideological Set\n    Redundancy\n    Purpose\n    Community\n    Politics\n  \n  \n    Laissez-faire\n    9\n    6\n    35\n    9\n  \n  \n    Interest\n    77\n    60\n    15\n    75\n  \n  \n    Responsibility\n    14\n    34\n    50\n    16\n  \n  \n    TOTAL\n    100\n    100\n    100\n    100\n  \n\nSource: Interviews, 1978.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1983.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/j9607p61v",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 209908,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1983",
        "page_number": 167,
        "title": "RAS-1983",
        "content_text": "145\n\nHe was responding to the particular activity of speech-making, and not to the necessity of promoting public relations for the interests of his company. The 'double barrel' or even 'multiple barrel' nature of the items is an inherent technical difficulty of the forced choice method. That is why it is essential to ask the respondents to explain their choices. In future replications, the group of statements on community participation should be changed so the respondents' attention will not be diverted to the making of speeches. The second way to rearrange the data is to look at consistencies in individual sets of responses. As should be expected, complete consistencies in the form of all four choices falling in one ideological set were rare. Nevertheless, nearly half of the respondents made three choices in one set, showing that the attitudinal items were regarded as related by the respondents (see Table 3).\n\nIt is thus clear that the second hypothesis that Hong Kong industrialists are profit-seeking entrepreneurs unfettered by social ethical considerations is not the self-image of the spinners. But how about the first hypothesis that Hong Kong industrialists are less likely to uphold the idea of social responsibility than Western businessmen? Again, a comparison with Nichols' findings is instructive. For the sake of comparability, I shall follow his classification scheme in placing businessmen into ideological categories. In view of the highly skewed distribution of choices,\n\n  \n    Table 3: Individual consistencies in the Ideological Preferences of the Hong Kong Cotton Spinners\n  \n  \n    Ideological Set\n    Laissez-faire\n    Interest\n    Responsibility\n  \n  \n    \n    4 choices in\none set\n    3 choices in\none set\n    4 choices in\none set\n    3 choices in\none set\n    4 choices in\none set\n    3 choices in\none set\n  \n  \n    Actual no. of consistencies\n    0\n    2\n    1\n    2\n    3\n    15\n  \n  \n    Possible no. of consistencies\n    0\n    13\n    2\n    15\n    33*\n    34*\n  \n  \n    Note: * One of the 35 respondents only reacted to two groups of\nstatements, while another reacted to three groups.\n  \n  \n    Source: Interviews, 1978.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1983.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/j9607p61v",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 209909,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1983",
        "page_number": 168,
        "title": "RAS-1983",
        "content_text": "146\n\nhe decided to adopt less stringent criteria to include respondents in the social responsibility and laissez-faire categories. To qualify for the long range interest category, an individual must choose either all four interest items or three interest items with one from the social responsibility set. For the social responsibility category, individuals who chose either three responsibility items with one interest item, or two responsibility and two interest items are included. Laxer still is the laissez-faire category which includes all those who chose one or more of the laissez-faire items. (Nichols, 1969; 189-190) Therefore Table 4 should be interpreted with an awareness that the categories do not constitute 'pure types'. The contrast as revealed in Table 4 is striking. While businessmen advocating social responsibility formed the largest contingent in Nichols' sample, they were the smallest group among the spinners of Hong Kong. Since Nichols has found that \"the 'professional manager' is more inclined to find statements about business social responsibility attractive' (1969: 198), the relative lack of enthusiasm for the social responsibility doctrine among the cotton spinners is probably an indication of the low degree of managerial professionalism in Hong Kong's textile industry.\n\nOne interesting feature of the industrialists' responses is that they did not see a clear distinction between long range interests and social responsibility items. This is most apparent on the\n\n  \n    Hong Kong Spinners\n    British Industrialists\n  \n  \n    Ideological Categories\n    No.\n    Percentage\n    No.\n    Percentage\n  \n  \n    Laissez-faire\n    19\n    56\n    9\n    26\n  \n  \n    Interest\n    6\n    18\n    16\n    23\n  \n  \n    Responsibility\n    ...\n    ...\n    26\n    35\n  \n  \n    TOTAL\n    34*\n    100\n    65\n    100\n  \n\nNote: * One respondent had responded to only two groups of statements and he cannot be placed in any of these categories.\n\nSource: Interviews, 1978; Nichols 1969:191.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1983.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/j9607p61v",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 209932,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1983",
        "page_number": 191,
        "title": "RAS-1983",
        "content_text": "169\n\nNOTES\n\n1 The shortcoming of this approach is that it assumes the three statements in a particular area to be mutually exclusive and of roughly equal ideological distance to one another. It is better to ask the respondent to react to each statement and indicate his agreement or disagreement with it along a three-point or five-point scale. This can avoid the problem of unwarranted assumptions, and make possible the application of more sophisticated statistical techniques to extract information from the data. But for the sake of comparability, I follow Nichols' approach in the present study.\n\nNichols' sample includes 65 directors and senior managers in 15 private companies employing over 500 workers in 'Northern City'. These companies were engaged in various lines of manufacture: chemicals, heavy engineering, light engineering, pharmaceutical, flour milling and animal foodstuffs, distribution and allied business, and packaging. See Nichols 1969: 247-248.\n\n* I use an alphabet and a number to denote the respondents. The former indicates whether the respondent is a chairman/managing-director (A) or just one of the directors (B). The latter stands for a particular spinning mill.\n\nA 'can-I-have-more' incident occurred during the 1973 annual general meeting of Mill 16 in which a share-holder protested, to no avail, against what he regarded as meagre dividends after successive profitable years for the company. See South China Morning Post, 31st August, 1973.\n\nList of References\n\nBendix, Reinhard, 1954. \"Industrial Authority and Its Supporting Value System\". In Industrial Conflict, ed. by A. Kornhauser et al., New York, MacGraw-Hill, pp. 170-175.\n\nand Social\n\n1956. Work and Authority in Industry. New York, Wiley.\n\n1959. \"Industrialization, Ideologies, Structure”, American Sociological Review 24, No. 6: 613–623.\n\nBergere, Marie-Claire. 1968. \"The Role of The Bourgeoisie\". In China in Revolution: The First Phase 1900-1913, ed. by Mary Clabaugh Wright, New Haven, Yale University Press, pp. 229-295.\n\nChrist, Thomas. 1970. \"A Thematic Analysis of The American Business Creed\", Social Forces 49, No. 2: 239-245.\n\nChu, T'ung-tsu. 1957. \"Chinese Class Structure and Its Ideology\". In Chinese Thought & Institutions, ed. by John K. Fairbank, Chicago and London, The University of Chicago Press, pp. 235-250.\n\nEngland, Joe, and John Rear. 1975. Chinese Labour Under British Rule: A Critical Study of Labour Relations and Law in Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Oxford University Press.\n\nEspy, John L., 1974. \"Hong Kong Textile Ltd.\". In Managerial Policy, Strategy and Planning for Southeast Asia, ed. by L.C. Nehrt, G.S. Evans, and L. Li, Hong Kong, Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, pp. 273-282.\n\nFei, Hsiao-tung. 1946. \"Peasantry and Gentry: An Interpretation of Chinese Social Structure and Its Changes\", American Journal of Sociology LII, No. 1: 1-17.\n\nFox, Alan. 1966. “Managerial Ideology and Labour Relations\", British Journal of Industrial Relations 4, No. 3: 366-378,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1983.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/j9607p61v",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 209933,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1983",
        "page_number": 192,
        "title": "RAS-1983",
        "content_text": "170\n\nGlassburner, Bruce, and James Riedel. 1972. “Government in The Economy of Hong Kong\", Economic Record 48, No. 1: 58-75.\n\nHeilbroner, Robert Louis. 1964. \"The View From The Top: Reflections on a Changing Business Ideology\". In The Business Establishment, ed. by E.F. Cheit, New York, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 1-36.\n\nHirschmeier, Johannes. 1964. The Origins of Entrepreneurship in Meiji Japan. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.\n\nHo, Ping-ti. 1962. The Ladder of Success in Imperial China: Aspects of Social Mobility, 1368-1911. New York and London, Columbia University Press.\n\nHong Kong Cotton Spinners Association. 1973. \"Annual Reports of The General Committee\". Hong Kong, The Association, mimeographed.\n\nKing, Ambrose Y.C., and Davy H.K. Leung, 1975. \"The Chinese Touch in Small Industrial Organization\". Hong Kong, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Social Research Centre, occasional paper.\n\nLevy, Marion J., Jr. 1955. “Contrasting Factors in The Modernization of China and Japan\". In Economic Growth: Brazil, India, Japan, ed. by S. Kuznets, W.E. Moore, and J.J. Spengler, Durham, Duke University Press, pp. 496-536.\n\nMcClelland, David C. 1963. \"Motivational Patterns in Southeast Asia with Special Reference to the Chinese Case\". The Journal of Social Issues 19, No. 1: 6-19.\n\nMannheim, Karl. 1936. Ideology and Utopia. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul.\n\nMarx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. (1888) 1967. The Communist Manifesto. Harmondsworth, Penguin Books.\n\nMayer, K. 1953. \"Business Enterprise: Traditional Symbol of Opportunity\". British Journal of Sociology 4, No. 2: 160-180.\n\nMiners, Norman, 1981. The Government and Politics of Hong Kong. Hong Kong, Oxford University Press.\n\nNichols, Theo. 1969. Ownership, Control, and Ideology: An Inquiry Into Certain Aspects of Modern Business Ideology. London, George Allen and Unwin.\n\nOksenberg, Michel. 1972. \"Management Practices in The Hong Kong Cotton Spinning and Weaving Industry.\" Paper read at seminar on Modern East Asia, Columbia University.\n\nOlson, Stephen M. 1972. \"The Inculcation of Economic Values in Taipei Business Families\". In Economic Organization in Chinese Society, ed. by William F. Willmott, Stanford, Stanford University Press, pp. 261-296.\n\nOwen, Nicholas C. 1971. \"Economic Policy in Hong Kong\". In Hong Kong: The Industrial Colony, ed. by Keith Hopkins, Hong Kong, Oxford University Press.\n\nPan, F.K. 1974. \"The Simple Truth of Management and Maintenance”, a lecture delivered on 21st June, Hong Kong.\n\nRyan, Edward, 1961. \"The Value System of a Chinese Community in Java\". Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University.\n\nSeider, Maynard S. 1974. \"American Big Business Ideology: A Content Analysis of Executive Speeches\". American Sociological Review 39, No. 6: 802-815.",
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        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
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        "document_key": "RAS-1986",
        "page_number": 6,
        "title": "RAS-1986",
        "content_text": "CONTENTS\n\nPRESIDENT'S REPORT\n\nHON. TREASURER'S REPORT\n\nHON. LIBRARIAN'S REPORT\n\nARTICLES:\n\nvii\n\nxiv\n\nxvi\n\nImmigrant and social ethos: Hong Kong in the nineteen-eighties Helen F. Siu..\n\n1\n\nJohn Joseph Francis, citizen of Hong Kong, a biographical note-Walter Greenwood.\n\n17\n\nHenry Thomas Jackman (1874-1928), engineering, Public Works Department, Hong Kong — Stephen Selby\n\nThe Hong Kong Botanical Gardens, a historical overview D.A. Griffiths and S.P. Lau\n\n46\n\n55\n\nObservations at the Jiu festival of Shek O and Tai Long Wan, 1986 - Chan Wing-Hoi\n\n78\n\nThe Minorities of southern China: a general view Nicholas Tapp\n\n102\n\nHainan Island, a brief historical sketch D.L. Michalk.\n\n—\n\n115\n\nREPRINT:\n\nA sense of history (Part I) — Carl Smith.\n\n144\n\nNOTES AND QUERIES:\n\nMore about the Kowloon Walled City — Anthony K.K. Siu\n\n265\n\nLantern Festival, Cheung Chau, 10th February 1971 James Hayes..\n\n267\n\nVisit to the Mitsukoshi Department Store, Muromachi, Tokyo, Japan, June 1986 — James Hayes.\n\n270\n\nV",
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    {
        "id": 210768,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
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        "document_key": "RAS-1986",
        "page_number": 119,
        "title": "RAS-1986",
        "content_text": "102\n\nTHE MINORITIES OF SOUTHERN CHINA: A GENERAL OVERVIEW\n\nNICHOLAS TAPP\n\nIntroduction\n\nIn the minority areas of Yunnan, as in much of the rest of the country, there are still small boys spreadeagled on the backs of oxen, little girls perched in apple trees munching apples, old women trudging home across the mountains bearing giant piles of firewood on their backs, and men riding slowly to market in dilapidated pony traps. Since Liberation, however, remarkable changes have taken place both in the relationships between different ethnic groups and in their own internal composition. Due to the kindness of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies in Kunming, Yunnan, which I attended as a Visiting Scholar in 1986, and through the Department of Anthropology at the Chinese University of Hong Kong who invited me to participate in fieldwork in the Liannan Yao Autonomous County in Northwestern Guangdong during June 1986, and together with an earlier field trip in the summer of 1985, I have been able to visit various ethnic minority areas, interview villagers and collect data on different aspects of their social and economic conditions and religious beliefs. In addition to this I have met and held discussions with many specialists and experts on the minorities in the fields of ethnography, linguistics and history. The following is, therefore, a brief record of these investigations, with some attempt to arrive at a general overall perspective on the changing conditions of these areas since 1949.\n\nMost of the minority villages visited lack proper roads and the water-supply is poor, although they have electricity, if only for a few variable hours per day. Housing structure, while exhibiting strong regional and cultural variations, has been particularly influenced by Han village architecture, and demonstrates wide disparities of wealth. Generally outer walls are of adobe. In poorer areas timber and bamboo are still used, and in better-off areas granite or\n\nDr. Nicholas Tapp is Lecturer in Anthropology at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.",
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    {
        "id": 210770,
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        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
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        "document_key": "RAS-1986",
        "page_number": 121,
        "title": "RAS-1986",
        "content_text": "NICHOLAS TAPP\n\nTraditional kinship systems have been largely maintained despite the recent influence of the family planning programme, although there is evidence of a growing strengthening trend towards monogamization and patrilineality in the more settled villages, under Han influence, and a general rise in the status of women owing to increased educational and political opportunities. Periods of matrilocal residence after marriage have been greatly reduced among the Dai people and sections of the Zhuang (China's largest national minority). In the richer minority areas, it is still quite common to find households where generation has followed generation since pre-Liberation day (shi shi dai dai: ##). Shifting cultivation persists in many areas: even in the Yi areas of Lunan County, 128 km from Kunming, some dry rice was cultivated, while maize which is common at all altitudes can only be supported on the same soil for a limited number of years, after which it must be left fallow or alternated with winter wheat crops if it is to recover its fertility. Wheat with a small amount of barley is the staple diet in many of the highland areas, where potatoes also grow well, and can be exchanged for rice. In the valley regions maize is grown mainly as animal fodder and wet rice, which can be glutinous or semi-glutinous, remains the staple diet. Gourds, eggplant, sweet potato and leafy vegetables are commonly intercropped with the maize; other fields are devoted entirely to different types of beans, while tea, tobacco, sugarcane and chili are extensively cultivated by the minorities of southwestern Yunnan.\n\nOn the highlands pine and fir have been aerially planted in a great majority of the minority regions, which has reduced the acreage available for cultivation. At the same time many highland groups have moved down or been resettled at lower altitudes, while Han households have begun to cultivate areas in the foothills formerly reserved for the minorities. This has resulted in an intensification of the conflict over scarce resources. During the 1950's and 1960's large numbers of Han settlers moved into the Dai areas to cultivate rubber and this, combined with population increase among the Dai, has led to serious competition and rivalries.\n\nThe economic responsibility system, introduced into minority areas after 1980, has wrought great changes in minority regions as",
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    {
        "id": 210772,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
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        "document_key": "RAS-1986",
        "page_number": 123,
        "title": "RAS-1986",
        "content_text": "106\n\nNICHOLAS TAPP\n\npersonal ability and support. This has resulted in a general emphasis upon their ethnic affiliation among the intelligentsia of the minority populations, and at the same time led to increased antagonism between representatives of different officially designated minorities, and the type of ‘localism’ official policy seeks to discourage.\n\nAgainst this, however, it must be pointed out that in many areas local prejudices and inherited cultural traditions are still powerful enough to prevent the proper implementation of favourable policies towards the ethnic minorities. Thus, while their economic conditions remain backward in respect to the rest of rural China, the vast majority of peasant cultivators remain unaffected by the political lobbying which may be undertaken on their behalf by their official and party representatives, and at the same time subject to local petty prejudice and suspicion. While relations between the Dai (Tai) and the Hani (Akha) of the Xishuangbanna (Sipsong Panna) are, for example, no longer those of the rulers and ruled, and Dai rice is exchanged for Hani forest products in the market places, contacts between the two groups remain limited and relations cool.2 Similarly, it is still uncommon for the Han to visit the houses of ethnic minority people, even though they may live in close proximity to each other and in interspersed villages. As one intellectual told me, ‘the customs and traditions of the minority nationalities are so different from our own, we are afraid of making a mistake when we visit them’.\n\nNevertheless, there can be no doubt that there has been a great strengthening of the political importance of ethnicity among the national minorities. In many areas, minority members occupy high-ranking and prestigious political positions, although they may not be the ones in whose power actual decision-making lies. The Governor of Yunnan is a Naxi (Norsu), for example, and his Deputy a Dai, and this is common in most of the autonomous areas. Yet, although it is true that central subsidies are allocated for designated minority areas, these allotments are subject to the same trickle-down problems which afflict development aid elsewhere in the world. In my own opinion, however, the Sinicisation process of the minorities is a long-term, inevitable, and continuous process (Wiens 1967; Fitzgerald 1972; Moseley 1973). While in",
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    {
        "id": 210774,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
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        "document_key": "RAS-1986",
        "page_number": 125,
        "title": "RAS-1986",
        "content_text": "108\n\nNICHOLAS TAPP\n\nthemselves as members of a single group; dispersed sections of single minority groups who were either subsumed under the same term but exhibited great cultural differences, or had been endowed with different appellations under which they registered; assimilated sections of national minorities who continued to be recognised by their original names; and originally Han groups who had become recognised, or recognised themselves, as distinctive ethnic groups (Fei 1980).\n\nOut of some 400 names of these groups submitted for recognition by 1953 (nearly three quarters of which came from Yunnan), so far only 55 have been officially designated as ‘national minorities'. This leaves some curious anomalies. Under the Yi, for example, are linguistically classed the distinct nationalities of the Hani, Samei, Sani, Lahu, Lisu and others, resulting in the formation of an overarching ‘Yi' identity over and above individual ethnic affiliations. The officially designated ‘Miao' of Hainan Island (and who also identify themselves as 'Miao') speak a language which is clearly Yao in affiliation (although the Miao and Yao languages are distantly related). A number of Hmong speakers have identified themselves to me as 'Bai Miao' (White Miao), although clearly speaking a dialect of Hmong Njua (Green Miao), which ought therefore to be classified as ‘Qing Miao' (Green Miao). Officially designated ‘Qing Miao' have moreover identified themselves to me as ‘Hmong She', a group which is becoming assimilated to the larger category of Qing Miao, and has no official recognition. Meanwhile the group whom the Chinese know as (ta or xiao) ‘Hua Miao' (Flowery Miao), are classed as Miao along with the Bai and Qing Miao, although they identify themselves as 'A Hmo' rather than \"Hmong' which is the term of self-identification for both Bai and Qing Miao.3\n\nHere, although the Miao languages are certainly related, the official designation of ‘Miao' is in contradiction to local ethnic identifications, with many Bai and Qing Miao denying that the 'Hua Miao' are 'Miao' at all. This is doubly paradoxical, since 'Miao' is a Chinese term originally and still resented by both Hmong and A Hmo, although such resentment may be mitigated in individual circumstances by occasional perceived political advantages: there are cases of Han fathers claiming minority status",
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    {
        "id": 210776,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
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        "document_key": "RAS-1986",
        "page_number": 127,
        "title": "RAS-1986",
        "content_text": "110 \n\nNICHOLAS TAPP \n\nof the Xishuang Banna area of Southern Yunnan (the Dai account for 59 of Yunnan's 130 counties), almost all Buddhist temples were destroyed in 1965 and 1966, or converted into store-houses, mainly by the people themselves acting under policy directives. In 1980 a similar revival of religiosity took place among the Dai as the new policies of liberalisation began to penetrate the minority areas. Almost every village built a new temple, traditionally the focus of religious and much secular sentiment and exchanges in the Dai communities, and moreover despatched novices of 7-8 years old to be ordained in them. Recently, however, this intensity of fervour has slackened somewhat: fewer novices are being ordained, there are less bun-(merit) making activities undertaken by the villagers, and in general less religious enthusiasm among the young. \n\nHowever, there is no doubt that under the impact of these and similar policies, religiosity has been greatly reinforced among the Buddhist Dai as among the Christian A Hmo, while in the Naxi areas of Northwest Yunnan, locally sponsored Lamaist temples have been re-opened and practising priests may be visited. It is appropriate to point out here the great importance attached to literacy (and hence to education) by many of the national minorities, and the close connection this often has with religious, and therefore ethnic, sentiments. The extraordinary pictographic writing of the Naxi, for example, of which we have good records from the last century, is still in use and very much revered as the repository of the sacred wisdom of these people, in which blessings and spells are still inscribed. The Christianity of the A Hmo, as I have described at length elsewhere (Tapp 1985), originated from the importance they attached to the missionary-invented script for their language, which was the first they had known. As with their Christian faith today, it is often denied that the script has not always been their possession, and it remains in many ways at the core of their faith today. Particular social conflicts have arisen owing to the use of the Pollard script, as the original script is known, and other forms of script introduced later for the language. These different scripts are used by different groups owing to their previous affiliations with different Christian denominations. Again, among the Dai there has recently been a return to the old, Mon script, in which temple records and historical chronicles are",
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    {
        "id": 210778,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
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        "document_key": "RAS-1986",
        "page_number": 129,
        "title": "RAS-1986",
        "content_text": "112\n\nNICHOLAS TAPP\n\nto become prosperous before others), and the replacement of much grain-cultivation by new cash-crops associated with the introduction of the household responsibility system, have by no means affected the minority areas to the same extent as other, more fertile, areas of the countryside, and indeed were not introduced into most minority areas until 1982 (after the Third Session*), there is no doubt that the limited family farming permitted, and in particular the increased power to control land, has led to marked improvements in the economic circumstances of most minority nationality people. Indeed, in some areas it has been only this which has averted the threat of ‘not having enough to eat'. As elsewhere in China, house-construction has dramatically increased, boosting the allied trades of carpentry (as has the revival of coffin-making), forestry and quarrying, while in minority areas located near major town settlements or market centres, for example in the Dai and the Bai areas, some minority entrepreneurs have emerged as middlemen, money-lenders, and even rice-hoarders, often former leaders of rural production brigades who have the necessary foresight, experience, and connections to forge new links and contacts. In certain areas the introduction, over the past twenty years, of hydro-electric dams, mining, food-processing plants, textile and other light industries has of course resulted in a measure of occupational specialization for minorities which antedates the recent changes. On a lesser scale, the growing policy of opening some of China's less developed areas to foreign-based industries such as tourism and even hunting, has led to the involvement of minorities in sales of quasi-traditional handicrafts and artefacts, performances of quasi-traditional cultural items of songs and dance, and some work in the hotels and allied industries. This can be seen, for example, in the much-visited ‘Sani’ area of Shilin in Yunnan, as also to an extent in the Yao countries of Northwest Guangdong, and although it is too early as yet to predict whether this will become a general phenomenon, certainly the carefully choreographed performances of provincial minority troupes and the locally superintended production of handicraft items, may have an impact in the future in which minority entrepreneurs will seriously challenge state control of these enterprises. Coupled with the emergence of minority entrepreneurs in rapidly developing areas, and the fact that some cash-cropping is already occurring in the autonomous regions, this adds up I think",
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        "page_number": 131,
        "title": "RAS-1986",
        "content_text": "114\n\nNICHOLAS TAPP\n\nHsieh, Jiann. ‘China's Nationalities Policy: Its Development and Problems': Anthropos 81, 1-20, 1986.\n\nLemoine, J. ‘Ethnologues en Chine': Diogene 133, 82-112, 1986.\n\nMao Tse-tung. The Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung, Peoples' Press, Beijing 1966).\n\nMoseley, E. The Consolidation of the South China Frontier, Univ. California Press, Berkeley 1973.\n\nTapp, N. \"The Relevance of Telephone Directories to a Lineage-based Society: A Consideration of Some Messianic Myths among the Hmong'. Journal of the Siam Society, 70, 1982,\n\nCategories of Change and Continuity among the White Hmong, Unpub. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. London 1985.\n\n'The Impact of Missionary Christianity upon Marginalised Ethnic Minorities: the case of the Hmong'; paper presented to the 32nd International Congress for Asian and North African Studies, Hamburg, August 25-30, 1986.\n\nWiens, H. Han Chinese Expansion in Southern China (Shoe-String Press, New York 1967),\n\nWinnington, A. The Slaves of the Cool Mountains: The ancient social conditions and changes now in progress on the remote South-Western borders of China (Lawrence and Wishart, London 1959).",
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        "document_key": "RAS-1987",
        "page_number": 131,
        "title": "RAS-1987",
        "content_text": "106\n\nBRYCE, Louise W 9.12.1912\n\nBUCHANAN, Charles 11.9.1873\n\nBURDETT, Frederick 24.1.1940\n\nBUCHANAN, Archibald 21.7.1909 BULLEN, Arthur Pearce 23.3.1905 BURDETT, Jane Cerile 31.5.1909 Deane\n\nBURNETT, Edward 8.5.1936\n\nBUTTNER, Albert 31.1.1907\n\nCADDEM, Patrick 14.9.1906\n\nCAGLI, Augusto 21.5.1888 Rattway\n\nCAMPION, Thomas 20.7.1864\n\nCARTER, Bessie Ann 16.12.1942\n\nCHALMERS, Frank 5.8.1958\n\nCHAMBERS, Elizabeth 27.2.1917 Morton\n\nCHAPMAN, Henry 14.3.1883\n\nCHEEL, James 18.3.1923 Grafton\n\nCLARKE, Edgar 18.10.1901 CLEAR, Charles Arnold 5.2.1945 Charles\n\nCLELAND, William 20.8.1937\n\nCOATES, John H 5.5.1902 Alexander\n\nCOLEMAN, John 30.5.1904\n\nCOLLER, 1st infant son 6.11.1872 of Richard Lovett\n\nCOLLER, 2nd infant 1.4.1874 son of Richard Lovett\n\nCOLLETT, Henry 18.8.1903 George Outram\n\nCONGDON, Jane E 19.2.1898\n\nCOOK, CJ 12.9.1946\n\nCOOKE, Doris Ann 17.10.1942\n\nCOTEZ, Frank 5.8.1918\n\nCRICHTON, Lloyd 18.7.1945\n\nCROCKETT, LS Not known James\n\nCUNNEEN, Miss E F 12.5.1950\n\nCURRY, Charles 7.9.1903\n\nDAKIN, George J 2.7.1883\n\nDALE, CE 30.5.1904\n\nDAMASKOS, Nikolas 17.12.1962\n\nDAVIS, Thomas 28.10.1883\n\nDEBLOIS, John Emory 3.8.1874\n\nDEBRUNNER, Alphons 11.2.1952\n\nDECKER, Ernest\n\nDENNISON, William 5.10.1882\n\nDE HASS, Theodorus 17.8.1909 Marie 25.7.1904\n\nDEWHURST, Fred 25.12.1915\n\nDICKINSON, John 3.5.1949\n\nDONISCH, Arthur 24.2.1883 Herbert\n\nDORRINGTON, Nellie 16.9.1902\n\nDOS REMEDIOS, Mary 10.8.1961 Paz\n\nDOS REMEDIOS, Jose 22.8.1962 Florencio\n\nDOS REMEDIOS, Pacita Godinez 3.1968\n\nDREYFUS, Ernest 2.9.1906\n\nDUDLEY, Infant 14.2.1880 Gustav\n\nDUFF, William Aitken 20.3.1902\n\nDUKE, John 14.4.1939\n\nDUMARES, John 22.7.1922\n\nDUNCAN, William 27.7.1899 Saumarez Cunning\n\nDUNN, JC J 10.4.1949\n\nDYKES, Oswald S 19.1.1930\n\nEATON, Red Campbell 21.4.1877\n\nEDWARDS, John E 26.10.1924\n\nEHLERS, J G 1.11.1878\n\nELERTIS, Nicholas 21.6.1964\n\nELLAMS, John David 11.5.1946\n\nELZINGER, Auguste 26.4.1879\n\nENTICKNAP, G H 27.5.1915\n\nEWART, Henry 9.7.1894\n\nFABIAN, Adolf 29.4.1886\n\nFAIRCLOUGH, Ferdinand J 5.7.1897\n\nFALKNER, Samuel 27.4.1903\n\nFALLOT, Lymae 11.7.1919 William\n\nFARREN, John W 23.8.1864\n\nFARNES, Walter S 7.6.1942\n\nFEELDING, Susie 15.1.1939\n\nFERBER, Johann 8.1.1890 Bernard",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1987.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/rx919b522",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 211626,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1989",
        "page_number": 41,
        "title": "RAS-1989",
        "content_text": "16 \n\nthe Narrative of an Eventful Six Months in China (London, 1875).\n\n20 A. Cunynghame, The Opium War, being Recollections of Service in China (London, 1844).\n\n21 A. Murray, Doings in China: being the Personal Narrative of an Officer Engaged in the late Chinese Expedition (London, 1843).\n\n27 \n\nThe United Service Journal, 1841, part 2 (July 1841), p. 307.\n\n23 C. Smith, Chinese Christians: Elites, Middlemen, and the Church in Hong Kong (Hong Kong, 1985), p. ix.\n\n24 Chinese Repository, 10 February 1841, p. 119.\n\n25 Ibid., 11 November 1842, p. 579.\n\n26 \n\nThe Canton Press of Saturday, 30 January 1841.\n\n27 Ibid., 13 February 1841.\n\n28 \n\nThe Canton Register of 16 February 1841.\n\n* \n\nFor general information on the Sassoons, see C. Roth, The Sassoon Dynasty (London, 1941) and S. Jackson, The Sassoons (London, 1968).\n\n30 \n\nK. N. Vaid, The Overseas Indian Community in Hong Kong (Hong Kong, 1972), p. 15.\n\n31 For further information, see the centenary volume by [J. Steuart], Jardine Matheson and Co., 1832-1932 (Hong Kong, 1934) and M. Keswick ed., The Thistle and the Jade: a Celebration of 150 years of Jardine, Matheson and Co. (London, 1982).\n\n32 JMA, C5/6, 65.\n\n31 \n\nSee J. Y. Wong, 'The Cession of Hong Kong: a Chapter of Imperial History'. The Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia, 11 (1976), 52-3 and ibid., Anglo-Chinese Relations, 1839-1860 (Oxford, 1985), p. 51.\n\nH. B. Morse, The International Relations of the Chinese Empire 1 (London, 1910), p. 624.\n\n35 Wong, Anglo-Chinese relations, p. 52.\n\nJ6 JMA, C5/6, 51.\n\n37 \n\nSee the report by the missionaries in The Canton Press of 27 February 1841, reprinted from one in the Canton Register of 18 February.\n\n38 C. Smith, Chinese Christians, op. cit. p. 173.\n\n39 \n\n40 \n\nVaid, The Overseas Indian Community, op. cit. p. 22.\n\nFor further information on the Madras Native Infantry, see J. B. R. Nicholas, 'Madras Native Infantry, c. 1845', Tradition, 42 and 43.\n\n42 \n\nSee The Canton Press of 16 January 1841.\n\nSee B. Mollo, The Indian Army (Poole, 1981), pp. 64-5. For further information on the Bengal Native Infantry, see F. G. Cardew, A Sketch of the Services of the Bengal Native Infantry to the year 1895 (Calcutta, 1903) and A. Bharat, The Bengal Native Infantry, 1796-1852 (Calcutta, 1962).\n\n43 P. Fay, The Opium War, 1840-2 (Chapel Hill, 1975), p. 208.\n\n44 \n\nVaid, The Overseas Indian Community, op. cit. p. 22.\n\n45 Mollo, The Indian Army, op. cit. p. 50.\n\n46 \n\nIndia Office Library and Records, London, China Medal 1842 and Bengal Army Lists.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1989.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/8336pm92h",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 211892,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1989",
        "page_number": 307,
        "title": "RAS-1989",
        "content_text": "282\n\nand look at them, and made remarks on their condition. No wonder they go almost naked, the heat is enough to make anybody do so. They wear sun hats exactly like a large wash pan turned bottom upwards. A boy was steering who was the most good-looking of the lot.\n\nThe captain bought a monkey, which was quite young and has since afforded us plenty of amusement; also about four crates of yams and some bottles of curry powder. I waited for the next boat and invested half a crown in seven cocoanuts, a quarter hundred oranges and an immense bunch of bananas. The banana is a fruit in shape like a cucumber, only larger when they are well cultivated, and about a hundred grow on one bunch. My bunch was quite as much as I could lift, and being quite green I hung them over the ship's stern where in a day or two they ripened and were quite yellow. Their flavour is delicious, and is something like that of a ripe pear. When fried in butter they are delightful. The captain also bought 300 oranges for the use of the cabin, but madam ate them nearly all herself in less than a week. They were wild ones I believe, but the flavour was very good. Afterwards when other boats came off, we bought plantains, eggs and no end of things.\n\nTwo ships came in behind us, to one of which we afterwards spoke; she was the Wynand from London, and came out above 20 days after us, and turned off up to China, where she will in all probability reach in 100 days, as we should have done had we had a proper sort of man to act as captain. We ought to have gone off behind him, and never to have gone to Batavia, which has hindered us at least a fortnight, if not three weeks; so say all the ship captains at Batavia. We however turned off Point Nicholas and scarcely came under Babic Island when the wind ceased, and for four days we scarcely moved as many miles.\n\nI grew quite disgusted. To amuse myself I got a hook and line and went fishing. But in throwing it out on the next day the hook caught the top of my finger and tore it clean through, taking away the whole of the upper part of the nail. I got it doctored up a bit, and what with cold water and other appliances it was nearly well in a day or two. I caught no fish, through not having any proper bait, although the fish were leaping out of the water by thousands, and the natives in their canoes were pulling them up by hundreds. We saw them also pulling in their nets, and trying by shouting to frighten the fish into their nets.\n\nA boat at last came off at night out of Bantam, to ask for a job in",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1989.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/8336pm92h",
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    },
    {
        "id": 212679,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1991",
        "page_number": 233,
        "title": "RAS-1991",
        "content_text": "BULLETIN\n\nSCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES\n\nPostal and African Studies\n\nEDITORIAL BOARD\n\nJC Wright, Chairman, S K M Allan, D L Appleyard, TH Barrett, G R Hawting, K Hayward, MJ Hutt, S Kaviraj, DO Morgan, A H Morton, N G Phillips\n\nThe Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies has been published for nearly 60 years, and is unique in its breadth of coverage. The Bulletin spans the cultures and civilizations of the Near and Middle East, South and Central Asia, the Far East, South-East Asia, and the continent of Africa, from the pre-biblical era to the present day.\n\nSince its foundation in 1917, the Bulletin has contributed scholarly articles on the history, religions, languages and literatures, art, and archaeology of these regions. In addition, over a third of each issue is devoted to reviews and book notices. These provide a reliable guide to new publications, and are used by academic institutions and libraries worldwide for book selection and acquisition.\n\n1995 ORDER FORM\n\nPlease enter my subscription to BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES | Volume 58 (3 issues): £62/US$114 Please note: £ sterling rates apply in UK and Europe, US$ rates elsewhere. Customers in the EC and in Canada are subject to their local sales tax\n\nName......\n\nAddress....\n\nCity/County...\n\nPostcode.\n\nPlease debit my Mastercard/ American Express / Diners / Visa\n\nCard Number:\n\nExp. date:\n\nFor further subscriptions information please contact:\n\nRecent & Forthcoming articles include:\n\nADH Bivar The Portraits and career of Mohammed Ali, son of Kazzem-Beg: Scottish missionaries and Russian orientalism\n\nOXFORD Journals Marketing (X95)\n\nJOURNALS\n\nOxford University Press\n\nWalton Street\n\nOxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom Fax: +44 0 1865 267773\n\nPei Huang The confidential memorial system of the Ch'ing dynasty reconsidered\n\nMehrdad Shokoohy and Natalie H Shokoohy Tughlugabad, the earliest surviving town of the Delhi sultanate.\n\nPaul Thieme On M Mayrhofer's Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen\n\nME Yapp Two great historians of the modern Middle East\n\nNicholas Sims-Williams Christian Sogdian texts from the Nachlass of Olaf Hansen\n\nMichael Brett The way of the nomad\n\nClive Holes Community, dialect and urbanization in the Arabic-speaking Middle East\n\nVassili Kryukov Symbols of power and communication in pre-Confucian China\n\nPadmanabh S Jaini Jaina monks from Mathura: literary evidence for their identification of Kusana sculptures\n\nColin F Baker Judaeo-Arabic material in the Cambridge Genizah Collections",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1991.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/k356gt84j",
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    },
    {
        "id": 213232,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1994",
        "page_number": 54,
        "title": "RAS-1994",
        "content_text": "33\n\nof Adolf Andre in the firm ceased in 1889 (DP 16 Feb, 1890) He left Hong Kong about 1882 and settled in London. He also had interests in France, and at the time of his death in Paris in 1911, he was director of Paguin Ltd and Maison Virot Ltd, as well as the London-based firm André, Mendel and Co. At the time of his death, he was a baron. For some years, he had been the Austrian Consul in Hongkong (DP 25 July 1911). Wilhelm Rainers was admitted a partner in 1874 (DP 3 Jan. 1874). He was appointed a Consul for Russia in Hong Kong and was an Acting Consul for Austria. He took charge of the Shanghai office in 1881 and was elected to the French Concession's Municipal Council (CM 17 Jan 1881). He retired from the firm in 1883 and returned to Hamburg (DP 16 Jan. 1884). Carl Krebs, a former bookkeeper at the Hong Kong and Dock Yard, was admitted as the partner of Melchers in 1877 and sent to open a branch in Shanghai (DP 4 July 1876, 13 Apr. 1877).\n\nMax Carl Johann became a partner about 1884, but left the firm in 1887 (DP 3 Jan. 1888). He then joined the firm of Chater and Vernon. About the year 1897, he entered into a partnership with H.Z. Just and J.J.B. Heemskerk. The partnership was dissolved soon after. Heemskerk and Grote continued under the style of Heemskerk and Grote (DP 3 Jan 1888) In 1903, he retired from this firm (DP 1 January 1903). Laurenz Heinrich Carl Melchers Jantsen - usually known as Carl Jantsen - was an assistant in Melchers and Company in 1869. Sometime after 1880, he became a partner and was placed in charge of the Shanghai Office.\n\nStephen Cornelius Michaelson became an assistant in Melchers and Company in 1887. In 1888, he became a partner. As had been other partners in the Company, he was a Consul for Russia in Hong Kong. Upon the occasion of Tzar Nicholas' visit to Hong Kong, when he was still the Tsarevitch, Mr. Michaelson was awarded the order of St. Stanislaus and St. Anne. Mr. Michaelson's interest in Melchers ceased when he left China in 1898 (HKT, 30 Mar. 1898). Gustav Adolf Melchers, a nephew of Hermann Melchers, became a partner in 1894 (DP 1 Aug. 1894).\n\nAs opportunities for trade increased, the company opened new offices: Shanghai 1877, Hankow 1884, Canton 1893, Tientsin 1897, and Chinkiang 1900. In 1914, the partners were Hermann Melchers and A. Korpff of Bremen, C. Michelau, J.W. Bandow, and A. Widmann of Shanghai, G. Fiesland of Hong Kong, and K. Lindemann of Hankow. Mr. Fiesland, as the managing partner in Hong Kong, was a director of",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1994.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/zk522640g",
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    },
    {
        "id": 213318,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1994",
        "page_number": 140,
        "title": "RAS-1994",
        "content_text": "121\n\nWhen Gutzlaff had first landed at Chapu an armed force of Chinese was drawn up along the shore. The Chinese soldiers had matchlocks and burning matches ready for a charge, and a Tatar general had placed himself in a temple to superintend the operation; however, wrote Gutzlaff, \"being accustomed to the fire of Chinese batteries which seldom do hurt, and knowing their matchlocks cannot hit, we passed through their line of defence in peace\". The soldiers retreated and crowds of people in the rear being very dense the camp was overrun and tents fell to the ground. After this nothing disagreeable happened. On one excursion Gutzlaff went to a temple on a high hill overlooking the populous region, \"with its abomination of idolatry.\"\n\nToday little remains of old Chapu. The harbour, still used by fishing boats, is overlooked by a broken wall pierced for cannon, with three old cannon still mounted but on modern concrete bases, two being breech loaders and one a comparatively old muzzle loader. There is no sign now of the old city walls, nor of the old Tatar Quarter. It is a sleepy rural town on a former main road now left more or less isolated by the modern highway between Hangchou and Shanghai, by-passing Chapu by some fifteen miles.\n\nThe British Expeditionary Force began the 1842 campaigning season by evacuating Ningpo and Chinghai in early May to raise sufficient troops for the attack on Chapu. The force left Ningpo on 7 May for Chapu where some six thousand Chinese Green Standard troops and some seventeen hundred Manchu soldiers held the beaches and the adjacent heights and were waiting for the British to land and attack. It took the wooden-sided troop transports nine days under sail to cover the sixty miles from Chinhai to Chapu. Theoretically Chapu was strongly fortified but, as had happened before, the Chinese proved unprepared for anything but frontal attack.\n\nThe British Order of Battle consisted of the Force Headquarters under Lieutenant General Sir Hugh Gough, a fleet of seven ships of war, four steamers and troop transports, a naval brigade of some two hundred and fifty men, and four regiments.\n\nThe plan called for three columns, with the Left Column under Lieutenant Colonel Morris, consisting of the 18th Royal Irish under Lieutenant Colonel Nicholas R. Tomlinson (consisting of 492 all ranks),",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1994.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/zk522640g",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 213401,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1994",
        "page_number": 223,
        "title": "RAS-1994",
        "content_text": "Roc, A S, China As I Saw It, London Hutchinson, 1910\n\nRomer, Charles Frederick, Foreign Investments in China, New York Macmillan, 1933\n\nRoosevelt, Kermit, The Search of the Giant Panda, Journal of American Museum of Natural History XXX 33-16(1930)\n\nRoss, Edward Alsworth, The Changing Chinese, The Conflict of Oriental and Western Cultures in China (Taipei Reprint Ch'eng-wen Publishing)\n\nRowbottom, Arnold H, Mission and Mandarins, the Jesuits at the Court of China, Berkley, University of California Press, 1942\n\nRoy, Jules, Journey Through China, London Faber, 1967\n\nRoyal Asiatic Society, Journal of Hong Kong Branch\n\nRoyal Asiatic Society, Journal of North China Branch\n\nQuested, R. K.I., The Expansion of Russia in East Asia 1857-1860, Kuala Lumpur University of Malaya Press, 1968\n\nSaeki, P Y, The Nestorian Monument and Relics in China, Tokyo. Toho Bunkwa Gakuin, 1937\n\nScidmore, Eliza Ruhamah, Westward to the Far East, a Guide to the Principal Cities of China and Japan, Montreal Canadian Pacific Railroad, 1894\n\nScott, Roderick, Fukien Christian University. Historical Sketch, New York United Board for Christian Colleges in China, 1954\n\nSebes, Joseph S.J., The Jesuits and the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689), Rome Institutum Historicum S.I., 1961\n\nSewell, William Gowan, The People of Wheelbarrow Lane Chengtu 1931-41, London Alfred and Unwin, 1972\n\nShaw, Robert, Visits to High Tartary, Yarkand and Kashgar, London John Murray, 1871 (Hong Kong Reprint. Oxford University Press)\n\nShaw, Samuel (1754-1794), The Journals of Major Samuel Shaw, the First American Consul at Canton with Life of Author by Joseph Quincy, Boston W Crosby and H P Nichols, 1847\n\nSilverstein, Joseph and Lynn, David Marshall and Jewish Emigration from China, China Quarterly (London 1979)\n\nSino-Swedish Expedition 1927-1935, Reports from the Scientific Expedition to the North-Western Provinces of China Under the Leadership of Sven Hedin, with 54 folded maps,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1994.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/zk522640g",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 213582,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1995",
        "page_number": 178,
        "title": "RAS-1995",
        "content_text": "148\n\nalthough the woodcutters have left but few trees there and at Wong-nei-chung, yet formerly it grew abundant there. In the time of the Hon Dynasty, this wood, it is said, was highly valued, and formed an article of tribute\" (HKDP, 1873).\n\nThe incense industry received a severe blow from which it never recovered during the coastal evacuation ordered by the emperor K'ang-hsi from 1662-1669. The Kuang-tung hsin-yu notes that, \"there were very few people left after the evacuation, and less than one tenth of the incense growers were left. Most serious of all, old trees had been cut down, and those which were left were only ten to twenty years old”. Those who survived this evacuation experienced another disaster during the reign of Yung-Cheng (1723-1735) when a magistrate, obsessed with a love of high grade incense, killed a number of incense growers. The remaining growers then cut down the rest of their trees and fled (Chang, 1963). The trade in incense wood, however, continued with supplies of sandalwood from New South Wales imported during the nineteenth century and milled into powder by water-powered mills in the Tsuen Wan area. A detailed account of the history of this trade and the manufacture of incense is given in Chan (1989).\n\nThe statement that Aquilaria sinensis is not native but was introduced from North Vietnam is questioned by Iu (1983), as the species appears to be indigenous to Hong Kong and is commonly found in fung shui woods where it freely regenerates to form a component of the subcanopy layer. Dunn and Tutcher (1912) stated that in 1912, in a one-acre plot of fung shui woodland on lower ground in Hong Kong, 31 out of 125 trees examined were Aquilaria sinensis (then known as A. Grandiflora). A report by Nichols (1978) found that at Uk Tau on the Sai Kung peninsula, a third of the trees in the fung shun wood were incense trees, ten times as many as in neighbouring natural woodland, and that an old man in the village said that heung trees were cultivated there in living memory for the incense trade.\n\nBecause a tree was once grown in plantations, of course, has no bearing as to whether or not it is native. Whether or not the present-day incense trees are remnants of former plantations or whether incense trees were ever cultivated in fung shui woods may never be known, but none of the village representatives questioned during a study carried out by the author into fung shui woods between 1990 and 1995 ever",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1995.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/95941j25g",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 213586,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1995",
        "page_number": 182,
        "title": "RAS-1995",
        "content_text": "152\n\nCountry Parks, currently plant around 300,000 trees a year for amenity, erosion control and the repair of fire damage. Usually only introduced trees such as Acacia will grow under the harsh conditions of bare and eroded slopes, but under more favourable conditions native tree species are also being planted for the benefit of wildlife. DAF organizes forestry camps where each summer around 2000 young people learn to care for trees. Each spring in the Country Parks DAF also organises community tree planting days in which 20,000 trees are planted by the public each year.\n\nREFERENCES\n\nChan, Ka-yan (1989). Joss Stick Manufacturing A Study of a Traditional Industry in Hong Kong Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 29 94-120\n\nChang, YN (1963) Hong Kong Ts'un (Hong Kong Village) and the Cultivation and Exportation of Incense from Kowloon and the New Territory in Lo, H. L. (ed) Hong Kong and its External Communications Before 1842 Hong Kong Institute of Chinese Culture P114\n\nCoates, A Myself a Mandarin (1968) Oxford University Press\n\nDaley, PA (1975). Man's Influence on the Vegetation of Hong Kong In Thrower, B (ed) The Vegetation of Hong Kong Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 44-56\n\nDunn, S T (1907). Report on the Botanical and Forestry Department for 1907 Hong Kong Govt\n\nHase, P, Hayes, J W and Iu, K. C. Traditional Tea Growing in the New Territories (1984). Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 24 264-281\n\nHayes, J. (1977), Notes for the Royal Asiatic Society Visit to Tai Mo Shan, 3rd April 1976. Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 17 157-178\n\nHayes, J (1983) The Rural Communities of Hong Kong, Studies and Themes Oxford University Press\n\nHong Kong Daily Press 1873 February 5\n\nIu, Kwok-choy (1983) The Cultivation of the \"Incense Tree\" (Aquilaria sinensis), Hong Kong Quarterly Journal of Forestry July\n\nNichols, D (1978) Some Aspects of Vegetation in Hong Kong with Special Reference to Fung Shui Woods University of Leicester Dept of Geography Quoted in Thrower, S",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1995.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/95941j25g",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 214593,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1999",
        "page_number": 8,
        "title": "RAS-1999",
        "content_text": "CONTENTS\n\nPRESIDENT'S REPORT ............................................................... xi\n\nFRIENDS OF THE RASHKB (UK) REPORT ............................... xxii\n\nHON. AUDITOR'S REPORT ......................................................... xxv\n\nHON. LIBRARIAN'S REPORT ...................................................... xxxiv\n\nARTICLES\n\nP.H. Hase - Beside the Yamen: Nga Tsin Wai Village ................ 1\n\nD.D. Waters - Safeguarding One's Fortunes: The Importance of Tun Fu ............................................................... 83\n\nLawrence Lai Wai Chung - The Battle of Hong Kong: A Note on the Literature and the Effectiveness of the Defence ............................................................... 115\n\nP.J. Aston - Decoded Version of Squadron Leader Donald Hill's Wartime Diary Maintained Whilst in Captivity in Hong Kong: \n\n(a) Translation of \"Russels Mathematical Tables\" ................ 137\n\n(b) A Decoded Diary Reveals a War Time Story .................... 157\n\nNicholas Tapp - The Barbara Ward Memorial Lecture Post - Colonial Anthropology: Local Identities and Virtual Nationality in the Hong Kong-China Region ...... 165\n\nJames Hayes - The Characteristics of Chinese Religion: Mainly Taken from 19th Century Writings, but yet Relevant for Contemporary Hong Kong ............................... 195\n\nJames Hayes - \"That Singular and Hitherto Almost Unknown Country: Opinions on China, the Chinese, and the \"Opium War\" among British Naval and Military Officers who Served During Hostilities There ............................... 211\n\nvii",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1999.txt",
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    {
        "id": 214595,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
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        "document_key": "RAS-1999",
        "page_number": 10,
        "title": "RAS-1999",
        "content_text": "CONTRIBUTORS\n\nPhilip J. Aston, Ph.D., is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Surrey, UK. His research interests are in bifurcation theory and chaos. Code-breaking has been only an interesting sideline. (p.aston@mcs.surrey.ac.uk).\n\nPatrick H Hase, BA, Ph.D., is a long-standing Member of Council of RASHKB and currently the Hon. Editor (Books). He is a noted scholar and Hong Kong historian and has written prolifically on the subject (phhase@hkusua.hku.hk).\n\nJames Hayes, Ph.D., D.Litt. (Hon.), is a Past-president of RASHKB. He is a noted scholar and Hong Kong historian, and has written several books, the most recent being Friends and Teachers: Hong Kong and its People, 1953-87. He has contributed prolifically to the Journal (mouseh@one.net.au).\n\nLawrence Lai, is an Associate Professor with the Department of Real Estate and Construction, University of Hong Kong (wclai@hkusua.hku.hk).\n\nCrystal Tang, is an active member of RASHKB (crystal.tang@dfait-maeci.gc.ca).\n\nNicholas Tapp, has a Ph.D. in Anthropology from the School of Oriental and Asian Studies (1988). He lectured in Anthropology at the Chinese University of Hong Kong from 1989 to 1992 and then at Edinburgh University for five years. He is currently Senior Fellow, Acting Head, Department of Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra. His main publications are; Sovereignty and Rebellion: the White Hmong of Northern Thailand; (co-ed. with Chien Chiao) Ethnicity and Ethnic Groups in China; and (forthcoming) Context and the Imaginary: the Hmong of China. He has researched extensively on Hmong society in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and China (ntapp@coombs.anu.edu.au).\n\nDan Waters, M.Phil., Ph.D., is a retired Assistant Director of Education of the Hong Kong Government. He is a long-time council member of HKBRAS and has been President since 1997. He has written \n\nix",
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    {
        "id": 214785,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
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        "document_key": "RAS-1999",
        "page_number": 200,
        "title": "RAS-1999",
        "content_text": "165\n\nPOST-COLONIAL ANTHROPOLOGY:\n\nLOCAL IDENTITIES AND VIRTUAL NATIONALITY IN THE HONG KONG-CHINA REGION\n\nNICHOLAS TAPP\n\nI’d like to start with a bow in the direction of Barbara Ward, who I’ve always regretted just missing being supervised by.1 Barbara Ward pioneered local anthropological studies of Hong Kong, in the sense that she lived here, she worked here, and she undertook intensive field-work among the fishing and other communities of Hong Kong. Many here were her friends, and many will remember her. But what was the importance of her work, to Hong Kong, and to anthropologists today?\n\nAnthropology used to be thought of as the intensive study of small-scale ‘traditional’ communities. Since the days when Maine (1971) foregrounded the importance of territory by tracing the transition from blood to soil as the basis of social evolution and Morgan (1877) talked of the transition from kinship to territory, anthropologists have specialised in localities, local situations and local identities, and their relations to even more primary kinship groupings. And certainly Barbara Ward’s work contributed to this aspect of traditional anthropology. But at the same time, and really since the beginnings of modern anthropology with Malinowski’s (1945) work on colonialism, anthropologists have also sought to understand the encounters between different cultures; culture-contact, social change and the modernization process.2 So there has been a constant struggle to depict the local communities, whom anthropologists so intensively studied, in terms of wider social, cultural, political or economic frameworks. Here Barbara Ward’s work was critical in the Hong Kong context, for she showed us the fishing people, so often thought of as a community apart, feeling and representing themselves as members of a much wider, ‘Chinese’ society, of which they felt very much a part (Ward 1965).3 The idea of a merely local community, then, somewhere between the family and a society, had to be revised, restructured, to take account of this sense of belonging to a far wider, more dispersed, social category associated with a nation-state.4\n\nAnother great contributor to studies of Hong Kong has been Professor James Watson, and his own work can be seen as having taken",
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    {
        "id": 214807,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1999",
        "page_number": 222,
        "title": "RAS-1999",
        "content_text": "187\n\nThousand Oaks, New Delhi.\n\nbarren\n\nSinn, Elizabeth 1998 'A study of regional associations on a mountain? In the Chinese Diaspora: the Hong Kong Experience, The Chinese Diaspora: selected essays (Vol.1), ed. Wang Ling Chi and Wang Gungwu. Singapore. Times Academic Press.\n\n1995 Emigration from Hong Kong before 1941: General Trends Emigration from Hong Kong : tendencies and impacts, ed. Ronald Skeldon. Hong Kong. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.\n\nSiu, Helen 1999 Hong Kong : Cultural Kaleidoscope on a World Landscape' in Gary Hamilton (ed.) Cosmopolitan Capitalists: Hong Kong and the Chinese Diaspora at the end of the Twentieth Century, Seattle. University of Washington Press.\n\n1996 Remade in Hong Kong: Weaving into the Chinese Cultural Tapestry', Unity and Diversity: Local Cultures and Identities in China, ed. Tao Tao Liu and David Faure. Hong Kong; Hong Kong University Press.\n\nSkeldon, Ronald (ed.) 1995 Emigration from Hong Kong: tendencies and impacts. Hong Kong. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.\n\n(ed.) 1994 Reluctant Exiles? Migration from Hong Kong and the Overseas Chinese. New York. M.E.Sharpe.\n\nSouvannavong, Si-Ambhahaivan Sisombat 1999 'Elites in Exile: The emergence of a transnational Lao culture, Laos: Culture and Society, ed. Grant Evans. Chiang Mai; Silkworm Books.\n\nStewart, Susan 1984 (1993) On Longing; narratives of the Miniature, the Gigantic, the Souvenir, the Collection. Durham. Duke University Press.\n\nTapp, Nicholas (forthcoming) 'Exiles and Reunions : Nostalgia among overseas Hmong (Miao), The Anthropology of Separations, ed. Charles Stafford. London. The Athlone Press.\n\n1999 'The Consuming or the Consumed? Virtual Hmong in China'.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1999.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/s178b887x",
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    },
    {
        "id": 214907,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-2000",
        "page_number": 3,
        "title": "RAS-2000",
        "content_text": "ADDENDUM\n\nNicholas Tapp's 2000 Barbara Ward Lecture reproduced in Vol. 39 of the Journal was inadequately sourced. It was as follows: The Barbara Ward Memorial Lecture, given annually to the Hong Kong Anthropological Society on 17 October 2000, at the Museum of History, Kowloon.\n\nERRATA\n\nTHE BATTLE OF HONG KONG, Vol. 39\n\np. 115, second para.: 'just clause' in the second last sentence should read 'just cause.'\n\np. 117, last para.: the word 'the' before 'Grasett's contribution' should be omitted.\n\np. 118, second line of the quotation from Stokes: ‘again Germany' should read 'against Germany.'\n\nThere are a few endnote reference numbers which have been rendered in text rather than superscript: note 11 (Before Bell' on p. 121) note 21 on p. 127\n\nThe reference to 'Keniti' in the second last para. of p. 128 should read 'Takagi Keniti.'\n\nTHE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINESE RELIGION, Vol. 39\n\nIn Note 13, the book in question, Moral Tenets and Customs in China is by Dr. L. Wieger, with texts in Chinese translated and annotated by L. Davrout, S.J.\n\nIn note 14, the word 'Refs' should be omitted.\n\nIn note 19, Professor Soothill's book is entitled A Mission in China (Edinburgh and London, Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1907). In note 24, read 'Moule' for 'Moulem.'\n\nii",
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    {
        "id": 215671,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-2001",
        "page_number": 448,
        "title": "RAS-2001",
        "content_text": "400\n\nIn researching the original Note, I came to a profound admiration for Ian Morrison. His newspaper reporting was erudite and he demonstrated a perceptive understanding of the issues involved. His two books; Malayan Postscript (1942) and This War Against Japan (1943) were equally perceptive. By all accounts the picture that Han Suyin painted of him in A Many Splendoured Thing; as being a gentle, kind and understanding man, is borne out by the facts. Alastair describes him as ...a cultivated and gentle man and no swashbuckler but (he) had an insatiable curiosity about events in Asia.' Accordingly, I offer this tribute to his memory. R.I.P.\n\nREFERENCES\n\nMorrison, Alastair (1993), The Road to Peking, Canberra: The Highland Press (for private distribution).\n\nPearl, Cyril (1967). Morrison of Peking, Sydney: Angus & Robertson Ltd.\n\nNOTES\n\nhttp://www.fechk.org/archives/achives historyconduit.htm\n\n2 See JHKBRAS Vol. 40: The Battle of Hong Kong: A Note on the Literature and\n\n3\n\nthe Effectiveness of the Defence, Lawrence Lai Wai Chung, pp. 115-136.\n\nSource: Alastair Morrison, personal communication and The Road to Peking, p. 151\n\nAll images, unless otherwise stated, courtesy of The Times of London.\n\nIan and Maria met in Shanghai and were married, in Hong Kong, in 1941. Maria was Steffi's sister (Colin's subsequent wife) Their first home was at the Cathay Building, in Singapore. After the War, they returned to Singapore and lived in Gallop Road. According to Alastair, the marriage was not a happy one (The Road to Peking, p. 151). After her husband's death, Mrs. Morrison and the children (who were seven and five at the time of his death) appear to have stayed on in Singapore, at any rate for a while, and then moved to Australia. According to Alastair Morrison, Maria 'died long ago.' The son, Nicholas (?), lives in the U.K. and visited Alastair in Canberra on his eighty seventh birthday",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-2001.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/zg651950g",
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    {
        "id": 216228,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-2002",
        "page_number": 527,
        "title": "RAS-2002",
        "content_text": "In camp Mary mentioned that 'sound travels fast.'\n\nAt six the next morning we had peace at last!\n\nי\n\nDid Nicholas try to abandon his wife?\n\nDid he say to the driver 'Now drive for your life'?\n\nDid he know that his Lorene had been left behind?\n\nI'm sure that he didn't - he's not that unkind!\n\nAngus hails from Scotland,\n\nwhere real men go bare, forsooth.\n\nIf he takes his kaftan off,\n\nall you'll see is - hair? The truth\n\nis only known to Bebe, his clever lawyer wife.\n\n(She's the one whose expertise is matrimonial strife!)\n\nNational Workforce gangs sit breaking stones;\n\nat the end of the day they must have aching bones.\n\nAh yes, that reminds me - Sir David, our knight,\n\nwould like to see Bhutan tourism more bright,\n\n461",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-2002.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/mp4901278",
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