[
    {
        "id": 205509,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1968",
        "page_number": 51,
        "title": "RAS-1968",
        "content_text": "46\n\nT. J. LINDSAY\n\nThe first leg of the race from Hankow to the Red Buoy at Woosung caused a number of upsets as ships went aground. The trip down could take as little as about 36 to 38 hours, e.g. Glenartney, in 1879, while, by contrast, Loudon Castle was hard aground near Wuhu during the night and had to unload most of her cargo and be dug out of the bank,\n\nFrom Woosung the next stage was to Singapore. In 1877 the two first ships, Loudon Castle and Gleneagles, arrived in Singapore within one hour and 40 minutes of each other after passing Woosung together. Bunkering speed made all the difference in time spent in port as Gleneagles lost six hours on her rival, although bearing heating may also have held her up for repairs. The Loudon Castle left Singapore at 11 p.m. on 2nd June and docked in London at 6 a.m. on 3rd July, while Gleneagles, leaving Singapore at 5 a.m. on 3rd June, docked at 9 p.m. on 4th July.\n\nThe 1878 race, which should have been between the same two steamers as in the previous year, was robbed of its interest when Loudon Castle went aground temporarily below Kiukiang and so lost her chance of competing, arriving in London 5 days after Gleneagles, which only spent 6 hours bunkering in Singapore.\n\nIn 1879 Glencoe, a new steamer, had a clear start, spent 84 hours in Singapore loading 950 tons of coal, and arrived in London in 40 days from Hankow. In 1880 she took 39 hours from Hankow to Woosung, after loading 4,100 tons of tea and earned £26,520 in freight. She took 37 days, 22 hours from Woosung to Gravesend, but only did slightly better than the previous year. She was, however, well clear of the other vessels who did not complete loading until several days after she left Hankow. In 1881 she left Hankow at 2 p.m. on 22nd May and arrived in London in 38 days, 15 hours.\n\n1882 was the year of the Sterling Castle, which was built purely for speed. Her dimensions were 436 ft. length, 50 ft. beam and 33 ft. depth. She was about 4,500 tons gross registry and had engines of 6,000 H.P. (although another account gives 8,000 H.P.) with steam pressure of 100 lbs per square inch. The crew numbered over 100 and a double crew was shipped in Shanghai for the voyage home. She carried a doctor, but no stewardess or milking cow. On trials, Sterling Castle did 18 knots and was claimed as the fastest steamer in the world at that time, but she burned 150 tons of coal a day. Sterling Castle loaded some 4,000 tons of tea",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1968.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/66833948d",
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    },
    {
        "id": 205511,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1968",
        "page_number": 53,
        "title": "RAS-1968",
        "content_text": "48\n\nT. J. LINDSAY\n\nOne point that shows up in the accounts is the speed of coaling at Singapore. In 1880 Glencoe loaded 1,130 tons in 103 hours, in 1882 Sterling Castle 1,600 tons in 10 hours, in 1884 Glenogle 1,500 tons in 62 hours. Moyune 700 tons in 5 hours in 1887 as against Glenogle 1,200 tons in 5 hours in the same year. The “Glen\" figures of 220 tons an hour in 1884 and 240 tons in 1887 are remarkable.\n\nWhat of the conditions in these ships racing home? The stoke-hold must have been almost unbearable, so it is no wonder that difficulties with the stokers were reported. In 1882 there was trouble culminating in Singapore when a stoker of Glenogle struck the Chief Engineer. When a European shore policeman came on board the 31 stokers threatened but the policeman \"took his stand in the most daring manner and fairly cowed the men by his determined demeanour\". At Hankow, too, there was trouble in 1883 when some of Glenogle's crew were reported to have mutinied and the Navy had to be called in to deal with the situation.\n\nPassengers, too, had something to complain of. On one occasion in Singapore when two or three passengers had been granted conditional passages they found the saloon and every state-cabin crammed with tea.\n\nConditions in the China tea trade were about to change. In 1881 the North China Daily News wrote:\n\n“It is not so many years since China was the only tea producing country. It was sufficient then for the buyer to watch the deliveries at home and the export from China, to be guided, with little chance of error, in his operations. But the fatal energy of our race has reared up in British India a frightful rival to the Flowery Land, and India not only demoralises China by sending opium here, but demoralises our tea markets by sending tea in increasingly enormous quantities to London. There are no squeezing Mandarins in India, there is European supervision in packing and the firing of the leaf, and the plantations are connected with civilization by the railway and the telegraph. Everything is done to give India an unfair advantage over China. Java is competing too, and Ceylon is threatening. As yet Indian tea is hardly taken on the continent of Europe at all, but here too it will penetrate sooner or later, as it is doing into America and Australia, and then there will be no corner of the earth where the sway of China tea will be undisputed.”",
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    },
    {
        "id": 205512,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1968",
        "page_number": 54,
        "title": "RAS-1968",
        "content_text": "THE HANKOW STEAMER TEA RACES\n\n49\n\nIn short, the growth of Indian tea output with regular quantity and quality broke the Chinese market, in which both quantity and quality varied from year to year. The tea merchants could not afford to pay fancy freights to be first home with their tea just to have it thrown on to a well-stocked market. Moreover, steamer carriage by Suez saved so much time over clipper carriage that an extra day or two saved on swift steamer passages made little difference to the quality and to the price. Economics made itself felt and regular services at cheap rates became of more importance than a voyage a year at great speed and cost.\n\nIn the days before this had become clear, Mr. Macgregor of Macgregor, Gow & Holland, speaking at the launching of Glencoe in 1878, was reported to have said that he saw no reason why the new teas should not be brought to London as fast as the merchants cared to have them transmitted: i.e., we presume, the merchants could have as much speed as they chose to pay for.\n\nAt a luncheon after Sterling Castle's trials, her owner, Mr. Skinner, is reported as saying that it was a well-known fact that the tea which came in eight or ten days in advance of that brought by any other steamers commanded a price in the market which yielded a large profit for the exporter. For this reason, the China merchants had been in the habit of encouraging a type of vessel that had never been seen anywhere else in the world, either in sailing ship or steamer, and to the liberality of these gentlemen, who never stuck at £1 or £2 a ton of freight paid to shipowners of this country, was due the development of the beautiful vessel they were on board. He continued, \"The merchants of China have so far appreciated what we have done, and I have still faith in them to recoup us for the enormous capital invested. We have still faith in their liberality, and believe they will give us such freights as will reward us for the risk we have taken.\"\n\nWith the decline of the dominant position of China teas in the market, the need for economy became more important. The question was argued well in an article in the China Mail on 27th September, 1882, from which the following extracts are taken:\n\n\"Not so very long since we commented upon the manner in which the prognostication of Mr. Macgregor (of Messrs Macgregor, Gow & Co., London), that the speed of carrying steamers would be accelerated in the same proportion as freights increased,",
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    },
    {
        "id": 205515,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1968",
        "page_number": 57,
        "title": "RAS-1968",
        "content_text": "52\n\nT. J. LINDSAY\n\nTABLE I\n\nTIME TAKEN\n\nHANKOW TO LONDON\n\n  \n    Year\n    Vessel\n    Transit Time\n  \n  \n    1870\n    Erl King\n    ...\n  \n  \n    1871\n    Enterprise\n    61 days\n  \n  \n    1872\n    Deccan\n    56\n  \n  \n    1873\n    Venetia\n    50\n  \n  \n    1874\n    Glenartney\n    50\n  \n  \n    1875\n    Glenartney\n    49\n  \n  \n    1876\n    Glenartney\n    46\n  \n  \n    1877\n    Loudon Castle\n    46\n  \n  \n    1878\n    Gleneagles\n    41\n  \n  \n    1879\n    Glencoe\n    40\n  \n  \n    1880\n    Glencoe\n    40\n  \n  \n    1881\n    Glencoe\n    38\n  \n  \n    1882\n    Sterling Castle\n    39\n  \n  \n    1883\n    Sterling Castle\n    32\n  \n  \n    1884\n    Glenogle\n    31\n  \n  \n    1885\n    Glengarry\n    37\n  \n  \n    1886\n    Glenogle\n    45\n  \n  \n    1887\n    Moyunc\n    37\n  \n\nSources: 1870-1879 China Mail\n\n1880 3. 7. 1879 24. 8. 1880\n\n1881 19, 7. 1881\n\n1882 Hong Kong Telegraph 28. 6. 1882\n\n1883 3. 7. 1883\n\n1884 North China Daily News 21. 7. 1884\n\n1885 China Mail 8. 7. 1885\n\n1886 5. 7. 1886\n\n1887 4. 8. 1887",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1968.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 205517,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1968",
        "page_number": 59,
        "title": "RAS-1968",
        "content_text": "Freight\n\nYear\n\nVessel\n\nRate Per Cargo Carried\n\nVessel\n\nSpace Ton.\n\nFreight Rate Per Space Ton.\n\n1879\n\nAfghan\n\nFeronia\n\nFleurs Castle\n\nHankow\n\nLord of the Isles\n\nLoudon Castle\n\n£6/-/-\n\nGlenartney\n\n£5/-\n\nGlencoe\n\n6/-\n\nMalabar Orestes\n\nGlenearn\n\n4/-\n\n1880\n\nAchilles\n\nAfghan\n\n3/5 -\n\nGlenartney Glencoe\n\nBreconshire\n\nCargo Carried\n\n54\n\nT. J. LINDSAY\n\n51-1-\n\n6/10/-\n\n4100 (space) 1355 weight\n\nCairnsmuir\n\nGalley of Lorne\n\nGlamis Castle\n\n...\n\n3/-\n\n3/-\n\n3/-\n\n3/-\n\nGlenearn\n\n4/- 1-\n\nHankow\n\n3/-/-\n\nHesperia\n\nLoudon Castle\n\n3/5 1 5/10/-\n\n3675 (space)\n\n1225 weight\n\n1881\n\nAfghan\n\nHesperia\n\n3573 (space)\n\nFermia\n\nLoudon Castle\n\n51-1-\n\n1191 weight\n\nGlencoe\n\nGlenfruin\n\n6/- / 5/-/-\n\nSikh\n\n3/10/-\n\nTriumph\n\n3951 (space)\n\n3/10/-\n\n1317 weight\n\n1882\n\nAfghan\n\nHankow\n\n3/-/-\n\nBreconshire\n\nCarnarvonshire\n\n...\n\n3/-\n\nSikh\n\n37-\n\nSterling Castle\n\n6/10/-\n\nFleurs Castle\n\n31-\n\nGlencoe\n\n4/-\n\n4400 (space)\n\nGlenfruin\n\n4/-/-\n\n5206 (space)\n\nGlenogle\n\n4/-/-\n\n1719 weight\n\n1883\n\nBelgic\n\nAlbany\n\n2/10/-\n\nGlenogle\n\n£4/10/-\n\n4500 (space)\n\n3/-/-\n\nHesperia\n\nGaelic\n\n3/-/-\n\nLoudon Castle\n\n3/-/-\n\nGlencoe\n\n3/10/-\n\nSikh\n\n2/10/-\n\nGlenfruin\n\n3/-/-\n\nSterling Castle\n\n5/10/-\n\n5350 (space)\n\nTriumph\n\n...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1968.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 205518,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1968",
        "page_number": 60,
        "title": "RAS-1968",
        "content_text": "Freight\n\nYear\n\nVessel\n\nRate Per Space Ton.\n\nCargo Carried\n\nVessel\n\n1884\n\nAlbany\n\n£3/-/-\n\nGlengarry\n\nBen Alder\n\n3/-/-\n\nGlenlyon\n\nFreight Rate Per Space Ton.\n\n£3/-/-\n\n3/-/-\n\nBothwell Castle\n\n3/-/-\n\nGlenogle\n\nChasze\n\n3/-/-\n\nGlencoe\n\n3/-/-\n\nGlenelg\n\n3/10/-\n\nGlenfruin\n\n3/-/-\n\n1885\n\nAberdeen\n\nAfghan\n\n1/5/-\n\nOopack\n\nPatna\n\nPort Philip\n\nSikh\n\nGlenfalloch\n\nGlenfruin\n\n3/10/-\n\n3/-/-\n\n2\n\nBenlarig\n\n1/10/-\n\nGlengarry\n\n3/10/-\n\nBenvenue\n\n2/5/-\n\nGlenroy\n\n2/-/-\n\nBothwell Castle\n\nOopack\n\n3/-/-\n\nCyclops\n\n2/5/-\n\nPathan\n\n1/10/-\n\nPembrokeshire\n\n1886\n\nBenlarig\n\n3/10/-\n\nGlenearn\n\n3/10/-\n\nBothwell Castle\n\nGlenfinlas\n\nDenbighshire\n\nGlenogle\n\n3/10/-\n\n4/-/-\n\nGlamorganshire\n\nKaisow\n\n3/10/-\n\nNingchow\n\nTitan\n\n1887\n\nAberdeen\n\nGlamorganshire\n\n3/10/-\n\nAndrises\n\nBenlavers\n\n3/10/-\n\n3/10/-\n\nGlenfruin\n\nGlenorchy\n\nBenvenue\n\nGlenogle\n\n3/15/-\n\nBothwell Castle\n\nCarmarthenshire\n\nMoyune\n\nNingchow\n\nStentor\n\nCargo Carried\n\n5300 (space)\n\nTHE HANKOW STEAMER TEA RACES\n\n55\n\nPage 60\n\nPage 61",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1968.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/66833948d",
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    {
        "id": 205681,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1968",
        "page_number": 223,
        "title": "RAS-1968",
        "content_text": "Plate 1.\n\ns.s. \"Glencoe\"\n\nBy permission of National Maritime Museum.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1968.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/66833948d",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 206251,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1971",
        "page_number": 68,
        "title": "RAS-1971",
        "content_text": "CHINESE VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN CITIES AND THE KAIFONGS IN HONG KONG\n\nALINE K. WONG*\n\nVOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS IN OVERSEAS CHINESE COMMUNITIES\n\nThere are many kinds of voluntary organizations among the overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia, such as chambers of commerce, clan associations, district and dialect associations, trade unions, religious societies, secret societies, political clubs and recreational clubs. However, in terms of contribution to the public life of the Chinese communities, three types of organizations, viz., the chambers of commerce, the district and dialect associations are more important than the rest. District and dialect groups are always closely connected; it is difficult to speak of one apart from the other. And in some cases, the chambers of commerce are in fact federations of local district associations.\n\nWell-known literature on the Chinese voluntary associations in this part of the world includes such works by William Skinner1 and Richard Coughlin on Thailand, Maurice Freedman3 on Singapore, Victor Purcell on Malaya, Ju-k’ang T’ien5 on Sarawak, Donald Willmott on Semarang and Lea Williams on Indonesia. Examining this wealth of literature, one finds that the chambers of commerce, the district and dialect associations serve three main kinds of functions; namely, economic, social and political. While the chambers of commerce are manifestly merchants’\n\n* Mrs. Wong is head of the Department of Sociology at United College, Chinese University of Hong Kong. This paper was contributed to a conference on \"The City as a Centre of Change in Asia\" organised by the Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong in June, 1969.\n\n1 Leadership and Power in the Chinese Community of Thailand, Ithaca, 1958.\n\n2 Double Identity. The Chinese in Modern Thailand, Hong Kong, 1960.\n\n3 Chinese Family and Marriage in Singapore, London, 1957.\n\n4 The Chinese in Malaya, London, 1948; The Chinese in Southeast Asia, London, 1965.\n\n5 The Chinese of Sarawak, London, 1953.\n\n6 Chinese of Semarang, Ithaca, 1960.\n\n7 Overseas Chinese Nationalism, Glencoe, 1960; The Future of the Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia, 1966.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1971.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/z029vt43g",
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    },
    {
        "id": 208921,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1980",
        "page_number": 83,
        "title": "RAS-1980",
        "content_text": "PERSISTENCE & PRESERVATION OF HAKKA CULTURE\n\nB. ENGLISH\n\n51\n\nAijmer, G.\n\n1967 \"Expansion and Extension in Hakka Society.\" Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 7:42-79.\n\nAnderson, R. T.\n\n1971 \"Voluntary Association in History.\" American Anthropologist, 73(1): 209-222.\n\nBanton, M.\n\n++\n\n1968 \"Voluntary Associations: Anthropological Aspects.\" In D. L. Sills, (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 16, pp.358-379. New York: Macmillan.\n\nCh'en, T.\n\n1939 Emigrant Communities in South China. Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh.\n\nCoser, L. A.\n\n1956 The Functions of Social Conflict. Illinois: The Free Press of Glencoe.\n\nDavis, S. G.\n\n1962 \"The Rural-Urban Migration in Hong Kong and Its New Territories.\" Geographical Journal, 128(3): 328-333.\n\nFallers, L. A. (ed.)\n\n1967 Immigrant and Associations. The Hague: Mouton.\n\nFoster, G. M. et al (eds).\n\n1978 Long-Term Field Research in Social Anthropology, Studies in Social Anthropology. New York: Academic Press.\n\nFreedman, M.\n\n++\n\n1960 \"Immigrations and Associations: Chinese in Nineteenth Century Singapore.\" Comparative Studies in Society and History, 3(1):25-49.\n\n1961 \"Overseas Chinese Association: A Comment.\" Comparative Studies in Society and History, 3(3):478-480.\n\n1963 \"A Chinese Phase in Social Anthropology.\" The British Journal of Sociology, 14(1),\n\nGamble, S. D.\n\n1929 Peking: A Social Survey. New York: George H. Doran.\n\nHayes, J.\n\n1977 The Hong Kong Region 1850-1911. Institutions and Leadership in Town and Countryside. Hamden, Conn., Archon-Dawson.\n\nHeidhues, M. F. S.\n\n1974 Southeast Asia's Chinese Minorities. Hawthorn, Australia: Longman.\n\nHodder, H. W.\n\n1953 \"Racial Groupings in Singapore.\" Malayan Journal of Tropical Geography 1:25-36.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1980.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/kh04md207",
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    },
    {
        "id": 214806,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1999",
        "page_number": 221,
        "title": "RAS-1999",
        "content_text": "186\n\nNadia Lovell. London and New York; Routledge.\n\nRadcliffe-Brown, Alfred Reginald 1940 ‘On Social Structure', Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. LXX.\n\n1957 A Natural Science of Society. Glencoe. Chicago.\n\nSaid, Edward 1978 Orientalism. New York; Vintage Books.\n\nSalaff, Janet and Wong Siu-lun 1997 'Globalization of Hong Kong's People: International Migration and the Family', Hong Kong's Reunion with China: the Global Dimensions, ed. Gerard Postiglione and James Tang, New York. M.E.Sharpe.\n\nSassen, Saskia 1999 Guests and Aliens. New York; The New Press.\n\n1999 'Digital Networks and Power', Spaces of Culture: City - Nation World, ed. Mike Featherstone and Scott Lash. Sage Publications. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi.\n\n1997 'Immigration Policy in a Global Economy', SIAS Review, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington D.C. 17:2 (1-19),\n\nScott, James C 1998 Seeing like a State : how certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. New Haven. Yale University Press.\n\nSchein, Louisa 2000 Minority Rules: the Miao and the Feminine in China's Cultural Politics. Durham and London. Duke University Press.\n\n1998 'Importing Hmong Brethren to Hmong America : A Not-So-Stateless Transnationalism', Cosmopolitics : Thinking and Feeling beyond the Nation, ed. Pheng Cheah, Bruce Robbins. Minneapolis and London; University of Minnesota Press.\n\nSennett, Richard 1999 'Growth and Failure: the new political economy and its culture', Spaces of Culture: City - Nation - World, ed. Mike Featherstone and Scott Lash. Sage Publications. London,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1999.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/s178b887x",
        "rank": 0
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