[
    {
        "id": 207762,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1976",
        "page_number": 150,
        "title": "RAS-1976",
        "content_text": "OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF A ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN WEST CHINA 1942 - 46\n\nW. A. REYNOLDS*\n\nIntroduction\n\nThe purpose of this paper is to give an account of the transport work of the Friends Ambulance Unit, China Convoy in West China during the four years 1942-45. This transport operation was only part of the work undertaken from 1941 to 1951 in medical, transport and rehabilitation work in China. The data on which the paper is based has been culled from records at Friends House, London and personal records. There are other (and possibly fuller) records in the archives of the American Friends Service Committee in Philadelphia, but it has not so far been practical to consult these. It is possible that when this is done a more detailed study can be undertaken.\n\nThe record here presented is not only of historical interest. It is intended to show what resources are required and what can be achieved in operating road transport in arduous conditions with little services or spares available from outside the organization and a minimum of imported fuel. This may be of value in planning and comparing transport systems in underdeveloped countries.\n\nBackground\n\nThe Friends Ambulance Unit had its origins in World War 1 when it was set up to provide alternative service to Quakers and others who, for reasons of conscience, refused to bear arms. It was re-established in 1939 for the same purpose and its members served as unpaid volunteers in various capacities in Finland and Norway, Egypt, Greece, with the Free French in Syria, in Ethiopia, India, France, as well as in China. After the war the work in Europe merged into relief and reconstruction and was largely taken over by the Friends Relief Service. A full account of the work is given in Davies. (Ref 1)\n\nThe FAU China Convoy was thus part of a larger organization but had distinguishing characteristics. Much of the financial support...\n\nMr. Reynolds is head of Department, Department of Industrial Engineering at the University of Hong Kong,\n\nPage 150\n\nPage 151",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1976.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/hq382988q",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 207782,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1976",
        "page_number": 170,
        "title": "RAS-1976",
        "content_text": "A ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN WEST CHINA 1942-46 155\n\n5 The instinct of many drivers of liquid fuel trucks, when faced with poor performance or failure to start, was to pull the carburettor to pieces. This formed the refrain to a Ballade of multiple authorship:\n\n++\n\nPrince, the dammed truck has stopped again,\n\nThe crew resume the old vendetta\n\nCrouching low upon the wing,\n\nWith pliers on the carburettor\n\nREFERENCES\n\n1. Davies T. The Friends Ambulance Unit. Allen and Unwin, London 1947 for the Council of the Friends Ambulance Unit.\n\n2. Clarke, G. S. \"The Use of Gas as a Fuel for Motor Vehicles\". Institution of Automobile Engineers, November, 1939.\n\n3. Goldman and Clarke Jones. \"The Modern Gas Producer\". Institute of Fuel, December 1938.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1976.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/hq382988q",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 207787,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1976",
        "page_number": 175,
        "title": "RAS-1976",
        "content_text": "160\n\nW. A. REYNOLDS\n\nTABLE X\n\nSpares For 3 Truck Convoy (Dodge) on Petrol On 3,400 Km.\n\nFriends Ambulance Unit: Chungking Garage:\n\nYenan Convoy. 15:1:46 Round Trip. 1946\n\nSpares for trucks 62,119,122 and trailer\n\n  \n    1 set big end bearing shells\n    .002\" u.s.\n  \n  \n    1 stub axle left\n    1 steering arm left\n  \n  \n    1 water pump assembly.\n    1 steering arm right\n  \n  \n    2 fan belts\n    1 drag link\n  \n  \n    2 pistons 3 \" plus .060\" 0.8.\n    3 ball studs\n  \n  \n    1 connecting rod (used)\n    3 engine mounting bolts\n  \n  \n    1 set compression rings standard TI1OL.\n    2 front spring assemblies\n  \n  \n    1 rear spring assembly (no helper)\n    1 engine gasket sets\n  \n  \n    2 cylinder head gasket\n    2 timing chains\n  \n  \n    2 fuel pump diaphragms\n    spare main leaf rear\n  \n  \n    1 second leaf rear\n    1 fourth leaf rear\n  \n  \n    2 front spring centre bolts\n    1 fuel pump repair kit\n  \n  \n    2 rear spring centre bolts\n    1 carburettor repair kit\n  \n  \n    9 spare tires with tubes\n    1 length 3/16 pipe and male\n  \n  \n    5 spare tubes\n    unions\n  \n  \n    1 pos. battery lead\n    1 neg. battery lead\n  \n  \n    6 14mm spark plugs\n    1 radiator\n  \n  \n    4 pieces assorted radiator hose\n    4 hose clips\n  \n  \n    2 clutch oil bearings\n    1 universal joint assembly\n  \n  \n    1 clutch disc\n    4 brake shoes rear\n  \n  \n    3 front flex, brake lines\n    2 rear flex. brake lines\n  \n  \n    2 front wheel brake cups\n    2 rear wheel brake cups\n  \n  \n    6 ft HT wire\n    1 distributor cap\n  \n  \n    1 distributor rotor arm\n    3 sets contact points\n  \n  \n    3 condensers\n    1 coil\n  \n  \n    10 ft LT wire\n    1 generator\n  \n  \n    1 voltage regulator\n    1 brake master cylinder assembly\n  \n  \n    2 wheel nut assemblies left and right rear\n    1 sealed beam\n  \n  \n    2 headlight bulbs\n    2 headlight lenses\n  \n  \n    1 half shaft\n    \n  \n\nYenan Convoy Equipment\n\n  \n    1 battery\n    3 sets double wheel chains\n  \n  \n    10 fathoms \" rope\n    1 tow chain wire\n  \n  \n    6 5 gallon cans\n    1 tow rope\n  \n  \n    2 mechanical jacks",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1976.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/hq382988q",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 208021,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1977",
        "page_number": 60,
        "title": "RAS-1977",
        "content_text": "44\n\nW. A. REYNOLDS\n\nfacing the Japanese. Consequently it was part of American policy, especially from 1944 onwards, to re-create a united front against Japan and promote agreement on a form of Constitutional Government for China which would include the Communist Party. To this end Chairman Mao Tse Tung was escorted to Chungking in August 1945 by the US Ambassador Patrick J. Hurley. No real agreement was reached in some 41 days of talks and Chairman Mao returned to Yenan in October. Hurley resigned and in November the United States appointed General George Marshall as special negotiator, a truce was signed on January 10, 1946 and all-party Peoples Consultative Conference began*.\n\nHaving set the scene we may consider what this meant on the ground; specifically in terms of medical supplies to the Liberated Areas. These contained between 80-100 million people and perhaps 350,000 men under arms. Apart from supplies purchased and smuggled in from the Japanese occupied areas or captured, no UNRRA, International Red Cross, or other supplies had been allowed through from Chungking since the beginning of 1941, and the medical services were dependent on traditional medicines and drugs derived from available herbs. The situation was therefore very serious.\n\nThe UNRRA charter required that supplies be distributed to those in need regardless of race, religion, and party and UNRRA therefore applied pressure to the Chinese Government, via CNRRA, to allow supplies to go to the Liberated Areas. This pressure finally succeeded in January 1946 at the time of signing the truce and a permit for a total quantity of about eight tons of medical supplies was granted.\n\nDuring the period from the end of 1941 to 1946, the Friends Ambulance Unit, China Convoy, had been responsible for the transport of most of the civilian medical and relief supplies in the\n\n* For those desiring more detail of this period the following give different approaches:\n\nKenneth S. Chern, \"Politics of American China Policy, 1945: Roots of the Cold War in Asia\". Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 91, No. 4 Winter 1976-7.\n\nJohn S. Service, Lost Chance in China. Random House, 1974. Tang Tsou, America's Failure in China, 1941-50. 2 vols, Chicago, 1964.\n\nPage 60\n\nPage 61",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1977.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/np198x23n",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 208027,
        "series_id": 26,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine",
        "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "RAS-1977",
        "page_number": 66,
        "title": "RAS-1977",
        "content_text": "50\n\nW. A. REYNOLDS\n\nLiu-Chi. The group we met were lively and interesting, many having been expelled from universities under Kuomintang control. Another evening we were invited to see a film at the American Army Observer Section which was established there under Colonel David Barrett in July 1944. There was also an invitation to mid-day meal with Marshal Chu Te. My memory is that there was not much conversation as Yu Chin-lung found him taciturn, my Chinese was inadequate, and the others were tongue-tied in the presence of the famous soldier. On leaving Yenan we were each presented with a warm woollen blanket of local manufacture (I still have mine) and I was given a painting, which I had uncautiously admired, by the Bureau chief of the Medical Service. I was also presented with a made-to-measure Army uniform complete with cap and badge.\n\nMedical Work in the Border Region\n\nThe day after unloading we were taken to see the hospital named after Doctor Norman Bethune. Plate no. 17 shows the operating theatre. One of the famous 'three constantly read articles' of Chairman Mao Tse-tung is a eulogy of Bethune, delivered on December 21st 1939 soon after his death.\n\nAt the Bethune Memorial Hospital we were shown how supply difficulties had been overcome, including steel dental picks forged from railway line. We asked about medical supplies from the USSR since 1941 and were told that there had been some, perhaps five, plane loads (say 15 to 20 tons). The supplies we had brought included a portable X-ray with a petrol-driven generator.\n\nThe problems of civilian and military medical work in the Border Region are fully described by Margaret Stanley in a current series of articles in Eastern Horizon*. She was a member of the Friends Service Unit (the successor organization in China to the Friends Ambulance Unit) Medical Team 19 which went to work in the area in 1947. She revisited Yenan in 1972 and writes not only of her memories of the medical work but also the contrast between then and now.\n\n* Vol. XVI No. 3, March 1977 & No. 4 April 1977 onwards. There is also a good picture of what life in the Shensi countryside was like to be gained from the accounts given in Gunnar Myrdal's book Report from a Chinese Village. Penguin.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1977.txt",
        "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/np198x23n",
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]