[ { "id": 214559, "series_id": 26, "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine", "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "RAS-1998", "page_number": 417, "title": "RAS-1998", "content_text": "386\n\nshould have taken Zhoushan Island rather than, to quote Palmerston's scathing words, 'the barren rock' of Hong Kong which would have undoubtedly altered the course of history and British relations with China in the 20th century.\n\nThe Westmoreland Regiment,\" part of a larger British expeditionary force, therefore returned to Zhoushan Island after the Treaty had been signed and remained on until 1844. A monument was raised in Dinghai dedicated to the few from the ranks who had been killed in action and the many who during the occupation had died of diseases so prevalent there. An annex to a report written probably in the 1880s provides us with the wording on the monument as well as a second annex describes the wording on a separate monument dedicated to Captain Colin Campbell of the Westmoreland Regiment who died at Zhoushan on the 29th May 1842 of a wound received in action at Zhapu [Chapu].vii\n\nThe wording on the main monument read:\n\nSacred\n\nto The Memory of\n\n11 Sergeants, 13 Corporals, 4 Drummers,\n\nand 403 Privates\n\nof H.M. 55th Regt\n\nwho were killed in action\n\nor died from disease\n\nwhile serving in China\n\nfrom the 14th July 1841\n\nto the 22nd February 1844", "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1998.txt", "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/1g05n0794", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 214560, "series_id": 26, "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine", "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "RAS-1998", "page_number": 418, "title": "RAS-1998", "content_text": "This Monument is erected\n\nby the non-commissioned officers\n\nof the above Regt\n\nAs a token of respect\n\nMay They rest in peace.\n\n387\n\nThe undated and unsigned manuscript report held in the archives of the Regimental Museum of the King's Own Royal Border Regiment in Carlisle reads as follows:\n\n\"As no opportunity presented itself of obtaining a passage in one of HM's Ships to Chusan I deemed it advisable after waiting over three months, to delay no longer and accordingly chartered a native boat in which I left for Chusan on the 20th inst.\n\nI found that the reports as to the dilapidated condition of the monument in question were by no means exaggerated. The structure, which is an oblong brick cube about 6 feet high and 4 feet wide and deep, with stuccoed edges and a granite tablet on which the inscription is cut inserted on the eastern side, is in a wretched state of decay. Many of the corner bricks have crumbled away and in a very few years the whole block will fall to pieces unless some repairs are speedily undertaken. At the back, or South side of the monument, a mud cottage forming one of a row of four is built, the roof of which almost touches the summit of it and adds materially to the progress of the decay by the drippings from it which sink into the ground at its base. These cottages are tenanted by four families of squatters and in front of them - the back being towards the monument - are two other monuments, oblong in shape and about three feet high, which appear to be used as tables or beds, as the case may be, by the squatters. One of them, erected to Captain Colin Campbell of the 55th Regt, who died of a wound received in action at Chapoo, has lost a large portion of the base upon which the stone bearing the inscription lies and must soon fall to pieces unless the progress of the decay be arrested.", "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1998.txt", "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/1g05n0794", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 214561, "series_id": 26, "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine", "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "RAS-1998", "page_number": 419, "title": "RAS-1998", "content_text": "388\n\nThe occupants of these huts could show no title deed or other document empowering them to make use of the land, and at once freely admitted that they had no right to remain other than that acquired by several years of undisputed occupation but besought me if I insisted on their removal to bestow some slight compensation upon them to enable them to find quarter elsewhere. It would have been possible perhaps to have obtained their eviction without compensation by applying to the local authority but it appeared to me that this would have been an injustice to these unfortunate people who had built their huts in apparent ignorance of the want of a right to do so. Indeed it would have been difficult to establish any claim on our own part to the land as no title deeds are to be found in this Consulate or anywhere in support of our right.\n\nHaving no authority from the Foreign Office to do more than report upon the condition of the monument, I was somewhat at a loss to know what answer to make to these people. Had I contented myself with a simple notice to them to quit they would certainly have disregarded it, and had I applied to the local authority he might have questioned our title to the land and even in the event of his consenting to evict them they would have been the victims of extortion on the part of his underlings and my object would have been secured at the expense of an injustice. On the other hand the question of their right of occupation having once been raised their eviction at a future date, if it became necessary would be rendered much more difficult had the matter been left in abeyance. I at length came to the conclusion therefore in view of the strong personal interest displayed in the matter by Lieut Gen Daubeny and the Officers of the 55th Regt to take upon myself to expend a small sum and after some discussion induced the occupants of the cottages to pull them down and remove the débris for the sum of ten dollars, or roughly two pounds sterling, it being understood that the money should be paid only on condition that the demolition was completed within a fortnight's time. A native resident of the place who is known to me having at the same time undertaken to repair both the monument to the non-commissioned officers and men of the 55th Regt and that of Capt Colin Campbell for 10 dollars more. I also agreed to pay that sum on completion of the repairs. The hire of the boat cost me 10 dollars which will be accounted for separately.\n\nIt will be for Lieut General Daubeny of course to decide whether he is prepared to reimburse the whole or a portion of this amount as I fully recognise that in expending the money on the repairs to the monument and eviction of the squatters I have acted without authority.", "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1998.txt", "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/1g05n0794", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 214562, "series_id": 26, "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine", "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "RAS-1998", "page_number": 420, "title": "RAS-1998", "content_text": "389\n\nI append a copy of the inscriptions on the two monuments in question with a list of the other headstones in the same locality which may possibly prove useful for future reference.\n\nAppended to the report was a copy of a list of gravestones within the British cemetery in Dinghai also recorded during the visit of the individual who wrote the report. It came as somewhat of a surprise to us to note the number of graves of wives and children of British soldiers as we had assumed that during the two short assaults on Zhoushan in 1842 and 1857, and the several years of occupation British soldiers were without their dependants, because of the remoteness of China from the more permanent British bases.\n\nList of Monuments in British Graveyard\n\nat Chusan\n\n1. Monument to 55th Regt.\n\n2. Captain Colin Campbell\n\n3. Commander Harmer, H.M.S. Driver\n\n4. Eliza Woods and infant son wife of Sergeant Woods.\n\n5. Captain Hopton Steward of\n\nix Regt. Madras Native Infantry.\n\n6. Wife of Quarter Master Perl Royal Irish Regiment.\n\n7. Corporal M. Gleeson 98th Regt.\n\n8. Sergt. Blake, 98th Regt.\n\n9. Infant daughter of Sergt. Cobden\n\n10. Mrs. Gregory, wife of Lieut Colonel Gregory 98th Regt.\n\nPage 420\nPage 421", "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1998.txt", "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/1g05n0794", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 214799, "series_id": 26, "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine", "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "RAS-1999", "page_number": 214, "title": "RAS-1999", "content_text": "179\n\nor blanket answers to questions posed in such a general way, but although the post-moderns have denied their validity ('Is the simulator sick or not, given that he produces the 'real' symptoms?' asked Baudrillard, 1994), yet it is important I think to consider them. For these questions go to the heart of the relationships between culture and the polity, between modernism and modernity, between culture and society, between even the ethos's of the romantic and the puritan, the romantic and the rationalist - that is, to the analysis of modern culture and its relation with the social polity, addressed in such different ways by Daniel Bell (1976), Colin Campbell (1987) and Daniel Miller (1987).\n\nBut what I should like to do in Conclusion is to trace a little further some of these questions about the nature of communities, and nations, which the foregoing reflections and materials must inevitably provoke.\n\nFor in a sense it is with notions of the community that anthropology starts.\n\nAnd here our models of what the Imagination is and how it works prove crucial.\n\nThe primal community, you will remember, was seen by Morgan, Maine and others as a body of people related to each other by bonds of blood who lived in one place and met daily, on a face-to-face basis. There was no occupational specialisation or division of labour (of the kind later emphasised by Durkheim) in this kind of community because everyone produced, no rationalisation of common goals. This kind of, familiar, community was contrasted by Tonnies (1887) to a society, or association (Gesellschaft); in the latter you might not know personally other members of your group; occupational specialisation had occurred and people came together on the basis of common interests;\n\nyou related to a man as a baker or candlestick-maker rather than as your MB, and one baker or candlestick-maker could be substituted for by another. On that simple binary transition from 'status' to 'contract', to use Maine's (1861) terms, which also contrasted ties based on blood to those of territory, a whole edifice of social science was constructed. The isolation of anthropology from both history and psychology during the middle years of the last century perhaps accounted for why rethinkings of this paradigm did not occur much earlier. Indeed, while", "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1999.txt", "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/s178b887x", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 214801, "series_id": 26, "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine", "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "RAS-1999", "page_number": 216, "title": "RAS-1999", "content_text": "181\n\nREFERENCES\n\nAbbas, M Akbar 1997 Hong Kong: Culture and the Politics of Disappearance. Minneapolis. University of Minnesota Press.\n\nAgamben, Giorgio 1998 Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Stanford. Stanford University Press.\n\nAnderson, Benedict 1994 'Exodus' Critical Inquiry 20.2. 314-27 Winter\n\n1983 (1991) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London. Verso Editions.\n\nBahloul, J 1996 The Architecture of Memory: A Jewish-Muslim Household in Colonial Algeria, 1937-1962. Cambridge and New York. Cambridge University Press.\n\nBaker, Hugh 1984 'Life in the Cities: the Emergence of Hong Kong Man'. The China Quarterly (467-79).\n\nBaudelaire, Charles 1863 (1981) Selected Writings on Art and Artists. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.\n\nBaudrillard, Jean 1994 Simulacra and Simulation. Ann Arbor. University of Michigan.\n\nBell, Daniel 1976 The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. New York. Basic Books.\n\nCampbell, Colin 1987 The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Consumerism. Oxford and Cambridge (Mass). Basil Blackwell.\n\nChambers, Iain 1994 Migrancy, Culture, Identity. London, Routledge.\n\nChan Hoi-man 1994 'Culture and Identity' in The Other Hong Kong, ed. P. Choi and L.S. Ho. Hong Kong. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.", "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1999.txt", "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/s178b887x", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 214835, "series_id": 26, "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine", "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "RAS-1999", "page_number": 250, "title": "RAS-1999", "content_text": "217\n\n \nwar, did his best to maintain control of his forces and to restrain the troops. Indeed, the more I read about Gough and his conduct, the more I admire the way in which he sought to conduct his operations. A few indications of his undoubted humanity may be given here:\n\n \nAt Amoy, Sir Hugh had published an Order of the Day, that \"private property was to be held inviolable, and that which in England obtains the name of robbery deserves no better name in China.” Camp followers who did try their hand at looting in Amoy were condemned to death on the spot.\" Such condign punishment is confirmed by an account from the Chinese side. The poet Chu Shih-yun of Chinkiang area mentions that the British executed two sepoys and put up a placard warning against rape and looting.22 Sir Hugh was equally solicitous in smaller matters. After the capture of Chenhai, he had stopped sailors who were hacking off Chinese prisoners' pigtails with their jack knives.23 In a more serious intervention, and with the Admiral in full support, he sharply opposed Sir Henry Pottinger's wish to plunder Ningpo “as a reprisal for the maltreatment there of British prisoners.”24\n\n \nSir Hugh's behaviour at Ningpo must indeed be regarded as exemplary. Anxious to save the place from the looting from which Amoy had suffered (from the Chinese rabble as much if not more than from his own force) as soon as the city was occupied he had called together some of the principal inhabitants and enlisted their cooperation in organizing a corps of Chinese police to protect private property. He was especially insistent that the troops should take good care of the buildings in which they were given sleeping quarters. \"When the Royal Irish and a company of the Westmorelands were stationed in a temple, he gave orders that they must not use the painted and gilded central hall, where examinations were held, for fear it might be spoilt.\"\n\n \n925\n\n \nUnfortunately, Gough's hopes for the city were dashed. Following the unsuccessful Chinese counter-attack on Ningpo, Chinese looters had taken advantage of the confused situation to loot the city with disastrous results. Sir Hugh wrote home, \"When I look at this place, I am sick of war.”26\n\n \nBrigadier Colin Campbell\n\n \nOther senior British officers also had scruples and set high standards", "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1999.txt", "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/s178b887x", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 214836, "series_id": 26, "series_slug": "histsyn-rashkb-journal-engine", "series_title": "RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "RAS-1999", "page_number": 251, "title": "RAS-1999", "content_text": "218\n\nof personal behaviour. One such was Brigadier Colin Campbell of the 98th Regiment, afterwards Field-Marshal Lord Clyde. He had been present at the capture of Chin-Kiang-Foo in 1842, but as he explained in a letter sent to a female enquirer had not taken any loot - the Indian word for plunder - \"so that I have nothing of that kind, to which so many in the expedition helped themselves so bountifully at Chin-Kiang-Foo and near Nanking.”27\n\n27 Admitting to an equally strong desire, he said he had foreseen what he called \"the certainty of having to punish others for it if the War had continued,\" and this had dissuaded him from helping himself to private property. However, he added, he would have had no such scruples were he been able to loot an imperial palace.\n\n28\n\nCampbell had military and civil charge of Chusan during the final years of its occupation after the Peace, and the Chinese Commissioners who came to take it back from the British in 1846 lauded his administration of the island. Their words, in Gutzlaff's translation, are worthy of repetition here, as showing the calibre of the man and his lofty spirit:\n\nWhilst observing and maintaining the treaty, you behaved with the utmost kindness and the greatest liberality towards our own people, and restrained by laws and regulations the military of your honourable country. The sepoys, to the number of several hundreds, who were quartered in the city and mixed with the Chinese, lived with them on the best understanding, and no instance of insult or aggression ever received. The European soldiers stayed with you, the Honourable Brigadier, outside the walls; and you, the Honourable Brigadier, kept them under such strict control, that they never ill-treated or annoyed the inhabitants.29\n\nCampbell's biographer writes: \"His principle was to leave the inhabitants as much as possible to themselves. He never interfered with their concerns or customs, unless called upon to arbitrate in matters which the headmen of the district were unable to settle.\" Campbell was equally zealous in keeping away the Chinese mandarins from the mainland who sometimes sought to exercise their authority there and were arrested when they crossed over.\n\n30", "txt_file_path": "txt/dfo323lmgvd/RAS-1999.txt", "external_url": "https://digitalrepository.lib.hku.hk/catalog/s178b887x", "rank": 0 } ]