RAS-1998 — Page 117

RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 All AI Reviewed
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80

a Stupa and/or spear

The King Protector of the North E and controller of Autumn

element metal

sometimes identified as Li T'ien-wang

P'i-sha-men T'ien-wang E

In a number of older temples the Diamond Kings are portrayed as demonic with black skins and with a total of eight in the group rather than the usual four. In the Kai-yüan Ssu in Changchou in Fukien province, the Eight are positioned on all sides of the main altar. They are bare to the waist and have bare feet, and are without weapons or attributes.

In northern Chinese temples the two guardians outside the main doors, often painted on the front walls flanking the entrance, are blue or green skinned demons known as Wu-shih, simply meaning 'warriors'. or Li-shih J

Doré claims that the Four were introduced in the 8th century during the reign of T'ang T'ai Tsung who believed that the Four helped him establish his empire. The Taoist group said to have assisted the T'ang emperor is often identified with four Taoist mythological deities. These are:

Li Yüan-shuai [Marshal Li or Li T'ien-wang], Li Ching, the Heavenly King who holds a pagoda10

Ma Yuan-shuai [Marshal Ma] or Ma the Heavenly King who holds two swords

Chao Yuan-shuai [Marshal Chao] or Chao T'ien-wang, holding a single sword

Wen Yuan-shuai [Marshal Wen] or Wen T'ien-wang holding a spiked club

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2026-05-13 09:18:22 · NVIDIA / meta/llama-4-maverick-17b-128e-instruct
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80 a Stupa and/or spear The King Protector of the North E and controller of Autumn element metal sometimes identified as Li T'ien-wang P'i-sha-men T'ien-wang E In a number of older temples the Diamond Kings are portrayed as demonic with black skins and with a total of eight in the group rather than the usual four. In the Kai-yüan Ssu in Changchou in Fukien province, the Eight are positioned on all sides of the main altar. They are bare to the waist and have bare feet, and are without weapons or attributes. In northern Chinese temples the two guardians outside the main doors, often painted on the front walls flanking the entrance, are blue or green skinned demons known as Wu-shih, simply meaning 'warriors'. or Li-shih J Doré claims that the Four were introduced in the 8th century during the reign of T'ang T'ai Tsung who believed that the Four helped him establish his empire. The Taoist group said to have assisted the T'ang emperor is often identified with four Taoist mythological deities. These are: Li Yüan-shuai [Marshal Li or Li T'ien-wang], Li Ching, the Heavenly King who holds a pagoda10 Ma Yuan-shuai [Marshal Ma] or Ma the Heavenly King who holds two swords Chao Yuan-shuai [Marshal Chao] or Chao T'ien-wang, holding a single sword Wen Yuan-shuai [Marshal Wen] or Wen T'ien-wang holding a spiked club
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80 a Stupa and/or spear The King Protector of the North E and controller of Autumn element metal sometimes identified as Li T'ien-wang P'i-sha-men T'ien-wang E In a number of older temples the Diamond Kings are portrayed as demonic with black skins and with a total of eight in the group rather than the usual four. In the Kai-yüan Ssu in Changchou in Fukien province, the Eight are positioned on all sides of the main altar. They are bare to the waist and have bare feet, and are without weapons or attributes. In northern Chinese temples the two guardians outside the main doors, often painted on the front walls flanking the entrance, are blue or green skinned demons known as Wu-shih , simply meaning 'warriors'. or Li-shih J Doré claims that the Four were introduced in the 8th century during the reign of T'ang T'ai Tsung who believed that the Four helped him establish his empire. The Taoist group said to have assisted the T'ang emperor is often identified with four Taoist mythological deities. These are: Li Yüan-shuai [Marshal Li or Li T'ien-wang], Li Ching, the Heavenly King who holds a pagoda1o Ma Yuan-shuai [Marshal Ma] or Ma the Heavenly King who holds two swords Chao Yuan-shuai [Marshal Chao] or Chao T'ien-wang, holding a single sword Wen Yuan-shuai [Marshal Wen] or Wen T'ien-wang holding a spiked club
2026-05-13 09:18:22 · Baseline
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80

a Stupa and/or spear

The King Protector of the North E and controller of Autumn

element metal

sometimes identified as Li T'ien-wang

P'i-sha-men T'ien-wang E

In a number of older temples the Diamond Kings are portrayed as demonic with black skins and with a total of eight in the group rather than the usual four. In the Kai-yüan Ssu in Changchou in Fukien province, the Eight are positioned on all sides of the main altar. They are bare to the waist and have bare feet, and are without weapons or attributes. In northern Chinese temples the two guardians outside the main doors, often painted on the front walls flanking the entrance, are blue or green skinned demons known as Wu-shih

, simply meaning 'warriors'.

or Li-shih J

Doré claims that the Four were introduced in the 8th century during the reign of T'ang T'ai Tsung who believed that the Four helped him establish his empire. The Taoist group said to have assisted the T'ang emperor is often identified with four Taoist mythological deities. These

are:

Li Yüan-shuai

[Marshal Li or Li T'ien-wang], Li Ching, the

Heavenly King who holds a pagoda1o

Ma Yuan-shuai

[Marshal Ma] or Ma the Heavenly King who

holds two swords

Chao Yuan-shuai [Marshal Chao] or Chao T'ien-wang, holding a single sword

Wen Yuan-shuai [Marshal Wen] or Wen T'ien-wang holding a spiked club

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