14
of Southern District for some purposes in both censuses: this also causes some problems for analyses of that district, since New Kowloon had developed very fast between 1911 and 1921.
As in 1911, the 1921 Census date formed part of a census of the whole British Empire, and, as in 1911, this led to the census in 1921 having to be conducted at an inappropriate date for Hong Kong, and particularly for the New Territories. The Ching Ming Festival fell during the enumeration period of the New Territories. As a result, numbers of people usually resident outside the New Territories were caught by the enumerators when they came to worship at their ancestral graves. Thus led to slightly more young adult males being enumerated than would have been the case at other periods. This is especially noticeable in the Northern District, where the marked increase in males recorded in 1921 as being born in San On District as compared with 1911 is very probably due in part to this factor, given that many clans resident in San On District have ancestral graves within the New Territories.
43
As well as coinciding with the Ching Ming Festival, the census period coincided with the peak agricultural period of the planting out of the main rice crop. The census officer complained that this "hindered" the work, and states that it caused "considerable difficulty" in obtaining accurate information. The effects of this problem can be detected in the returns.
44
Unfortunately, the 1921 Census includes no village-by-village figures, either for the New Territories, or for the Hong Kong Island villages.
Demographic Features: Age Profiles, Birth Rates and Death Rates, Immigration
Northern District: A Settled Agricultural Society
The 1911 and 1921 Census figures for Northern District show a settled agricultural society, with few and small towns, but many villages. The demographic features disclosed are typical of undeveloped agricultural societies. The evidence of the 1911 and 1921 Censuses shows, for instance, very high rates of juvenile mortality, leading to half of all persons dying before their early 20s, a feature typical of
14
of Southern District for some purposes in both censuses: this also causes some problems for analyses of that district, since New Kowloon had developed very fast between 1911 and 1921.
As in 1911, the 1921 Census date formed part of a census of the whole British Empire, and, as in 1911, this led to the census in 1921 having to be conducted at an inappropriate date for Hong Kong, and particularly for the New Territories. The Ching Ming Festival fell during the enumeration period of the New Territories. As a result, numbers of people usually resident outside the New Territories were caught by the enumerators when they came to worship at their ancestral graves. Thus led to slightly more young adult males being enumerated than would have been the case at other periods. This is especially noticeable in the Northern District, where the marked increase in males recorded in 1921 as being born in San On District as compared with 1911 is very probably due in part to this factor, given that many clans resident in San On District have ancestral graves within the New Territories.
43
As well as coinciding with the Ching Ming Festival, the census period coincided with the peak agricultural period of the planting out of the main rice crop. The census officer complained that this "hindered" the work, and states that it caused "considerable difficulty" in obtaining accurate information. The effects of this problem can be detected in the returns.
44
Unfortunately, the 1921 Census includes no village-by-village figures, either for the New Territories, or for the Hong Kong Island villages.
Demographic Features: Age Profiles, Birth Rates and Death Rates, Immigration
Northern District: A Settled Agricultural Society
The 1911 and 1921 Census figures for Northern District show a settled agricultural society, with few and small towns, but many villages. The demographic features disclosed are typical of undeveloped agricultural societies. The evidence of the 1911 and 1921 Censuses shows, for instance, very high rates of juvenile mortality, leading to half of all persons dying before their early 20s, a feature typical of
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