RAS-1996 — Page 223

RASHKB Journal 皇家亞洲學會香港分會學刊 All AI Reviewed

197

3) Politics, like other business investments, is risky but potentially profitable. It is very much the case in financing a government while trying to satisfy vested interests.

Market for Political Investments

This raises the question of under what circumstances financing a regional government is possible? A convenient starting point is to look into the mentality of the time. In a despatch to the Colonial Office, C. Clementi, the Governor of Hong Kong and a famous sinologist who graduated from Oxford, diagnosed a decade of unsuccessful British policy toward China by saying:

A China united under a central Government is not applicable to the facts... China is a civilization, not a state

His contemporary also commented that

If Italy was but a geographical expression, China until very recent times has been but a social expression. China has been a society, not a state; and a Chinese, a familial not a political animal.

In a polity as large as China, regional distinctions are enormous, but these contemporaries believed that the split was between Canton and Beijing. In the book, “Oriental Trade Methods” one finds the following passage:

I observed that the Cantonese have been called the Irish of China. They are traditionally and by temperament against the government, against the constituted authority of Peking [Beijing]...

The Beijing government was first under Yuan Shikai and his followers who were recruited from his Beiyang Military Academy. After Yuan's death, his followers divided into several camps such as Anhui and Zhili. They were named the "Beiyang militarists". The Canton government, nominally, was under Sun Yat-sen. Without an army of its own, until 1924 when the Huangpu Military Academy was established with Soviet aid, Sun and his Canton government had to rely on the "guest armies" from neighboring provinces - the Yunnan and the Guangxi troops, all of whom proved to be ungovernable.

Edit History

2026-05-13 08:47:39 · NVIDIA / meta/llama-4-maverick-17b-128e-instruct
Live
View comparison
AI Proofread
197 3) Politics, like other business investments, is risky but potentially profitable. It is very much the case in financing a government while trying to satisfy vested interests. Market for Political Investments This raises the question of under what circumstances financing a regional government is possible? A convenient starting point is to look into the mentality of the time. In a despatch to the Colonial Office, C. Clementi, the Governor of Hong Kong and a famous sinologist who graduated from Oxford, diagnosed a decade of unsuccessful British policy toward China by saying: A China united under a central Government is not applicable to the facts... China is a civilization, not a state His contemporary also commented that If Italy was but a geographical expression, China until very recent times has been but a social expression. China has been a society, not a state; and a Chinese, a familial not a political animal. In a polity as large as China, regional distinctions are enormous, but these contemporaries believed that the split was between Canton and Beijing. In the book, “Oriental Trade Methods” one finds the following passage: I observed that the Cantonese have been called the Irish of China. They are traditionally and by temperament against the government, against the constituted authority of Peking [Beijing]... The Beijing government was first under Yuan Shikai and his followers who were recruited from his Beiyang Military Academy. After Yuan's death, his followers divided into several camps such as Anhui and Zhili. They were named the "Beiyang militarists". The Canton government, nominally, was under Sun Yat-sen. Without an army of its own, until 1924 when the Huangpu Military Academy was established with Soviet aid, Sun and his Canton government had to rely on the "guest armies" from neighboring provinces - the Yunnan and the Guangxi troops, all of whom proved to be ungovernable.
Baseline (Original)
197 3) Politics, like other business investments, is risky but potentially profitable. It is very much the case in financing a government while trying to satisfy vested interests. Market for Political Investments This raises the question of under what circumstances financing a regional government is possible? A convenient starting point is to look into the mentality of the time. In a despatch to the Colonial Office, C. Clementi, the Governor of Hong Kong and a famous sinologist who graduated from Oxford, diagnosed a decade of unsuccessful British policy toward China by saying: A China united under a central Government is not applicable to the facts... China is a civilization, not a state His contemporary also commented that If Italy was but a geographical expression, China until very recent times has been but a social expression. China has been a society, not a state; and a Chinese, a familial not a political animal. In a polity as large as China, regional distinctions are enormous, but these contemporartes believed that the split was between Canton and Beijing. In the book, “Oriental Trade Methods" one finds the following passage: I observed that the Cantonese have been called the Irish of China They are traditionally and by temperament against the government. against the constituted authority of Peking [Beijing]... The Beijing government was first under Yuan Shikai and his followers who were recruited from his Beiyang Military Academy. After Yuan's death his followers divided into several camps such as Anhui and Zhili. They were named the "Beiyang militarists". The Canton government, nominally, was under Sun Yat-sen. Without an army of its own, until 1924 when the Huangpu Military Academy was established with Soviet aid, Sun and his Canton government had to rely on the "guest armies" from neighboring provinces - the Yunnan and the Guangxi troops, all of whom proved to be ungovernable. They
2026-05-13 08:47:39 · Baseline
View content

197

3) Politics, like other business investments, is risky but potentially profitable. It is very much the case in financing a government while trying to satisfy vested interests.

Market for Political Investments

This raises the question of under what circumstances financing a regional government is possible? A convenient starting point is to look into the mentality of the time. In a despatch to the Colonial Office, C. Clementi, the Governor of Hong Kong and a famous sinologist who graduated from Oxford, diagnosed a decade of unsuccessful British policy toward China by saying:

A China united under a central Government is not applicable to the facts... China is a civilization, not a state

His contemporary also commented that

If Italy was but a geographical expression, China until very recent times has been but a social expression. China has been a society, not a state; and a Chinese, a familial not a political animal.

In a polity as large as China, regional distinctions are enormous, but these contemporartes believed that the split was between Canton and Beijing. In the book, “Oriental Trade Methods" one finds the following passage:

I observed that the Cantonese have been called the Irish of China They are traditionally and by temperament against the government. against the constituted authority of Peking [Beijing]...

The Beijing government was first under Yuan Shikai and his followers who were recruited from his Beiyang Military Academy. After Yuan's death his followers divided into several camps such as Anhui and Zhili. They were named the "Beiyang militarists". The Canton government, nominally, was under Sun Yat-sen. Without an army of its own, until 1924 when the Huangpu Military Academy was established with Soviet aid, Sun and his Canton government had to rely on the "guest armies" from neighboring provinces - the Yunnan and the Guangxi troops, all of whom proved to be ungovernable. They

Comments

Approved members can add comments, bookmarks, and private notes.

No comments yet.

Private Research Note

Private notes are available after approval.