RAS-1993 — Page 59

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Definitions of key terms follow:

Enhancing

• emphasis on positive results of Chinese athletes/ team's large proportion of positive contents/ favourable location of positive contents/ bold characters/ front page; use of enhancing words.

Entitling

• emphasis on responsibility of oneself against results; e.g. hard work by athletes/ team earn the results.

BIRG (we)

• emphasis on responsibility of oneself in producing positive results of a larger aggregate or of others; e.g. responsibility of China in making Asian Games

BIRG (flattery)

• emphasis on successful results produced by “friends” e.g. N. Korean performance being enhanced (when not rivalled against China).

Excuse

• lack of intention, e.g. accident;
• lack of volition, e.g. injured athlete;
• denial of agency, e.g. not being defeated.

Disclaimer

• prospective excuses, e.g. injured athlete, not full team, thus anticipating hard battles/ poor results; review of past performance/ status of Chinese athlete/ team, thus unfavourableness in coming events.

Blame

• putting unfavourable results in a long time frame when there have been many favourable results gained by the team, e.g. losses/ defeats placed amidst large proportion of positive results.

Apology

• admission of poor performances, failures, inappropriate manners, e.g. the press would report defeats, losses in the games, impoliteness to the judges, but would at the same time promise to correct or revert them with an implication that such would be the responsibility of the athletes.

Justification

• justifying negative results or unfavourable conditions, e.g.
• depicting the negative results as being over-represented; comparing with other teams, e.g, rival did well, rival foul play.