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| JULIAN F. PAS be followed. In other words, for the average Chinese, religion is a socially important value system to make for a smooth functioning of human relationships as much as it is a method to obtain divine favours to increase the effectiveness of human efforts toward the realization of a happy life. END-NOTES 1 This paper was first presented at the joint panel of the CASA and the CSSR on Chinese Religion at the Conference of the Learned Societies in Saskatoon, May 1979. 2 Compare the five-volume work written by J. J M de Groot: The Religions System of the China; although it is mainly based on his held work done in Amoy, it is considered to be a standard work on Chinese religion in general. See P. C. Baity, Religion in a Chinese Town (Asian Folklore and Social Life Monographs, no. 64), Taipei: The Orient Cultural Service, 1975. (See my review article pp. of this issue). 4 See various ceremonial and memorial booklets issued by the Municipal Government of Taipei, Tainan and Taichung, e.g., Tach'eng chih-sheng hsien-shih K'ung-tzu shih-tsun chien-shuo, IKAFLTE* My (or) M) » Taipei, 1974, Ta-ch'eng chih-sheng hsien-shih K'ung-tzu shih- 1sun chien-chich 大成至聖先師孔子釋荪蛸(or)簡說 (Memorial Service for Confucius on his Birthday), Taichung, 1977, 5 See Y. Raguin, S.J., "Buddhism in Taiwan", pp. 179-185 in H. Dumoulin, ed. Buddhism in the Modern World, London, New York: Collier Macmillan Publishers, 1976. • Questions and Answers about the Republic of China (Taipei: Chung- hua Information Service, 1978), p. 17. W. L. Grichting, The Value System in Taiwan 1970: A Preliminary Report. Taipei, 1971. (Quoted by Y. Raguin). * See for example Taiwan Tzu-miao chúlan-chi, &*+** Ed. by Wang I-han, Taichung Luan-yu Journal Society, 1977. Lists of local temples issued by municipal governments follow the same pattern. How- ever, the more scholarly but antiquated list published in the Taiwan Gazetteer and adopted by Lin Heng-tao divides the temples into three main groups: Taoist, Buddhist, folk-religion (t'ung-su), i See Lin Heng-tao, Talwan Szu-miao Ta-ch'üan, 4★★★4 Taipei: Ch'ing-wen Publishing Company, 1974. * See M. Saso "The Taoist Tradition in Taiwan”, China Quarterly No. 41 (1970), 83-102. M. Saso, "Red-Head and Black-Head: the Classification of the Taoists of Taiwan according to the Documents of the 61st Heavenly Master,” Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica (Taipei), 30 (1970). * See H. Welch, "The Chang T'ien-shih and Taoism in China”, Journal of the Oriental Society 4 (1957-58), 188-212.

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| 190 JULIAN F. PAS be followed. In other words, for the average Chinese, religion is a socially important value system to make for a smooth functioning of human relationships as much as it is a method to obtain divine favours to increase the effectiveness of human efforts toward the realization of a happy life. END-NOTES 1 This paper was first presented at the joint panel of the CASA and the CSSR on Chinese Religion at the Conference of the Learned Societies in Saskatoon, May 1979. 2 Compare the five-volume work written by J. J M de Groot: The Religions System of the China; although it is mainly based on his held work done in Amoy, it is considered to be a standard work on Chinese religion in general. See P. C. Baity, Religion in a Chinese Town (Asian Folklore and Social Life Monographs, no. 64), Taipei: The Orient Cultural Service, 1975. (See my review article pp. of this issue). 4 See various ceremonial and memorial booklets issued by the Municipal Government of Taipei, Tainan and Taichung, e.g., Tach'eng chih-sheng hsien-shih K'ung-tzu shih-tsun chien-shuo, IKAFLTE* My (or) M) » Taipei, 1974, Ta-ch'eng chih-sheng hsien-shih K'ung-tzu shih- 1sun chien-chich 大成至聖先師孔子釋荪蛸(or)簡說 (Memorial Service for Confucius on his Birthday), Taichung, 1977, 5 See Y. Raguin, S.J., "Buddhism in Taiwan", pp. 179-185 in H. Dumoulin, ed. Buddhism in the Modern World, London, New York: Collier Macmillan Publishers, 1976. • Questions and Answers about the Republic of China (Taipei: Chung- hua Information Service, 1978), p. 17. W. L. Grichting, The Value System in Taiwan 1970: A Preliminary Report. Taipei, 1971. (Quoted by Y. Raguin). * See for example Taiwan Tzu-miao chúlan-chi, &*+** Ed. by Wang I-han, Taichung Luan-yu Journal Society, 1977. Lists of local temples issued by municipal governments follow the same pattern. How- ever, the more scholarly but antiquated list published in the Taiwan Gazetteer and adopted by Lin Heng-tao divides the temples into three main groups: Taoist, Buddhist, folk-religion (t'ung-su), i See Lin Heng-tao, Talwan Szu-miao Ta-ch'üan, 4★★★4 Taipei: Ch'ing-wen Publishing Company, 1974. * See M. Saso "The Taoist Tradition in Taiwan”, China Quarterly No. 41 (1970), 83-102. M. Saso, "Red-Head and Black-Head: the Classification of the Taoists of Taiwan according to the Documents of the 61st Heavenly Master,” Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica (Taipei), 30 (1970). * See H. Welch, "The Chang T'ien-shih and Taoism in China”, Journal of the Oriental Society 4 (1957-58), 188-212.

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190 JULIAN F. PAS be followed. In other words, for the average Chinese, religion is a socially important value system to make for a smooth functioning of human relationships as much as it is a method to obtain divine favours to increase the effectiveness of human efforts toward the realization of a happy life. END-NOTES 1 This paper was first presented at the joint panel of the CASA and the CSSR on Chinese Religion at the Conference of the Learned Societies in Saskatoon, May 1979. 2 Compare the five-volume work written by J. J. M. de Groot: The Religious System of China; although it is mainly based on his field work done in Amoy, it is considered to be a standard work on Chinese religion in general. 3 See P. C. Baity, Religion in a Chinese Town (Asian Folklore and Social Life Monographs, no. 64), Taipei: The Orient Cultural Service, 1975. (See my review article pp. of this issue). 4 See various ceremonial and memorial booklets issued by the Municipal Government of Taipei, Tainan and Taichung, e.g., Ta-ch'eng chih-sheng hsien-shih K'ung-tzu shih-tsun chien-shuo, Taipei, 1974, Ta-ch'eng chih-sheng hsien-shih K'ung-tzu shih-tsun chien-chieh (Memorial Service for Confucius on his Birthday), Taichung, 1977. 5 See Y. Raguin, S.J., "Buddhism in Taiwan", pp. 179-185 in H. Dumoulin, ed. Buddhism in the Modern World, London, New York: Collier Macmillan Publishers, 1976. 6 Questions and Answers about the Republic of China (Taipei: Chung-hua Information Service, 1978), p. 17. 7 W. L. Grichting, The Value System in Taiwan 1970: A Preliminary Report. Taipei, 1971. (Quoted by Y. Raguin). 8 See for example Taiwan Tzu-miao ch'uan-chi, Ed. by Wang I-han, Taichung Luan-yu Journal Society, 1977. Lists of local temples issued by municipal governments follow the same pattern. However, the more scholarly but antiquated list published in the Taiwan Gazetteer and adopted by Lin Heng-tao divides the temples into three main groups: Taoist, Buddhist, folk-religion (t'ung-su). 9 See Lin Heng-tao, Taiwan Szu-miao Ta-ch'uan, Taipei: Ch'ing-wen Publishing Company, 1974. 10 See M. Saso "The Taoist Tradition in Taiwan", China Quarterly No. 41 (1970), 83-102. 11 M. Saso, "Red-Head and Black-Head: the Classification of the Taoists of Taiwan according to the Documents of the 61st Heavenly Master," Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica (Taipei), 30 (1970). 12 See H. Welch, "The Chang T'ien-shih and Taoism in China", Journal of the Oriental Society 4 (1957-58), 188-212.

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| 190 JULIAN F. PAS be followed. In other words, for the average Chinese, religion is a socially important value system to make for a smooth functioning of human relationships as much as it is a method to obtain divine favours to increase the effectiveness of human efforts toward the realization of a happy life. END-NOTES 1 This paper was first presented at the joint panel of the CASA and the CSSR on Chinese Religion at the Conference of the Learned Societies in Saskatoon, May 1979. 2 Compare the five-volume work written by J. J M de Groot: The Religions System of the China; although it is mainly based on his held work done in Amoy, it is considered to be a standard work on Chinese religion in general. See P. C. Baity, Religion in a Chinese Town (Asian Folklore and Social Life Monographs, no. 64), Taipei: The Orient Cultural Service, 1975. (See my review article pp. of this issue). 4 See various ceremonial and memorial booklets issued by the Municipal Government of Taipei, Tainan and Taichung, e.g., Tach'eng chih-sheng hsien-shih K'ung-tzu shih-tsun chien-shuo, IKAFLTE* My (or) M) » Taipei, 1974, Ta-ch'eng chih-sheng hsien-shih K'ung-tzu shih- 1sun chien-chich 大成至聖先師孔子釋荪蛸(or)簡說 (Memorial Service for Confucius on his Birthday), Taichung, 1977, 5 See Y. Raguin, S.J., "Buddhism in Taiwan", pp. 179-185 in H. Dumoulin, ed. Buddhism in the Modern World, London, New York: Collier Macmillan Publishers, 1976. • Questions and Answers about the Republic of China (Taipei: Chung- hua Information Service, 1978), p. 17. W. L. Grichting, The Value System in Taiwan 1970: A Preliminary Report. Taipei, 1971. (Quoted by Y. Raguin). * See for example Taiwan Tzu-miao chúlan-chi, &*+** Ed. by Wang I-han, Taichung Luan-yu Journal Society, 1977. Lists of local temples issued by municipal governments follow the same pattern. How- ever, the more scholarly but antiquated list published in the Taiwan Gazetteer and adopted by Lin Heng-tao divides the temples into three main groups: Taoist, Buddhist, folk-religion (t'ung-su), i See Lin Heng-tao, Talwan Szu-miao Ta-ch'üan, 4★★★4 Taipei: Ch'ing-wen Publishing Company, 1974. * See M. Saso "The Taoist Tradition in Taiwan”, China Quarterly No. 41 (1970), 83-102. M. Saso, "Red-Head and Black-Head: the Classification of the Taoists of Taiwan according to the Documents of the 61st Heavenly Master,” Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica (Taipei), 30 (1970). * See H. Welch, "The Chang T'ien-shih and Taoism in China”, Journal of the Oriental Society 4 (1957-58), 188-212.

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190

JULIAN F. PAS

be followed. In other words, for the average Chinese, religion is a socially important value system to make for a smooth functioning of human relationships as much as it is a method to obtain divine favours to increase the effectiveness of human efforts toward the realization of a happy life.

END-NOTES

1 This paper was first presented at the joint panel of the CASA and the CSSR on Chinese Religion at the Conference of the Learned Societies in Saskatoon, May 1979.

2 Compare the five-volume work written by J. J M de Groot: The Religions System of the China; although it is mainly based on his held work done in Amoy, it is considered to be a standard work on Chinese religion in general.

See P. C. Baity, Religion in a Chinese Town (Asian Folklore and Social Life Monographs, no. 64), Taipei: The Orient Cultural Service, 1975. (See my review article pp. of this issue).

4 See various ceremonial and memorial booklets issued by the Municipal Government of Taipei, Tainan and Taichung, e.g., Tach'eng chih-sheng hsien-shih K'ung-tzu shih-tsun chien-shuo, IKAFLTE* My (or) M) » Taipei, 1974, Ta-ch'eng chih-sheng hsien-shih K'ung-tzu shih- 1sun chien-chich 大成至聖先師孔子釋荪蛸(or)簡說 (Memorial Service for Confucius on his Birthday), Taichung, 1977,

5 See Y. Raguin, S.J., "Buddhism in Taiwan", pp. 179-185 in H. Dumoulin, ed. Buddhism in the Modern World, London, New York: Collier Macmillan Publishers, 1976.

• Questions and Answers about the Republic of China (Taipei: Chung- hua Information Service, 1978), p. 17.

W. L. Grichting, The Value System in Taiwan 1970: A Preliminary Report. Taipei, 1971. (Quoted by Y. Raguin).

* See for example Taiwan Tzu-miao chúlan-chi, &*+** Ed. by Wang I-han, Taichung Luan-yu Journal Society, 1977. Lists of local temples issued by municipal governments follow the same pattern. How- ever, the more scholarly but antiquated list published in the Taiwan Gazetteer and adopted by Lin Heng-tao divides the temples into three main groups: Taoist, Buddhist, folk-religion (t'ung-su), i See Lin Heng-tao, Talwan Szu-miao Ta-ch'üan, 4★★★4 Taipei: Ch'ing-wen Publishing Company, 1974.

* See M. Saso "The Taoist Tradition in Taiwan”, China Quarterly No. 41 (1970), 83-102.

M. Saso, "Red-Head and Black-Head: the Classification of the Taoists of Taiwan according to the Documents of the 61st Heavenly Master,” Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica (Taipei), 30 (1970).

* See H. Welch, "The Chang T'ien-shih and Taoism in China”, Journal of the Oriental Society 4 (1957-58), 188-212.

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