AD. 1901.]
PUBLIC HEALTH.
[No. 10.
921
or near its extremities, openings giving a free escape to the air within it, and, between these openings, there should be no trap or other obstruction to the free passage of air.
O. These ventilating openings should be so placed that any sewage-tainted air which may escape from them shall be as little offensive as possible. With this object, the inner ventilating opening should be placed above the roof of the dwelling. This is usually done by carrying up a pipe, having a free opening at the top, above the roof and at a distance from any window. The second opening is usually made on the house side of the trap which severs the direct communication between the drain and the public sewer. If, however, there is no trap between the house-drain and the sewer, then there is no necessity for a second opening, the sewer itself serving the purpose.
With a well-constructed system of self-cleansing street-sewers this arrangement may be adopted with safety, even with advantage. Then every house-drain ventilator serves as a sewer ventilator also; and, when this is done universally, no accumulation of sewer-tainted air can take place in any part of the system.
P. Care must be taken in selecting the position of the lower ventilating opening, because the elevated ventilating pipe by no means secures a permanent upward current of air. According to the relative temperature of the air within and without the drain, to the direction and force of the wind, so an upward or downward current will obtain.
Q. Complete ventilation is especially important where any part of the house-drain system is in communication with the interior of the dwelling, or where the system is extensive and has numerous inlets. It is essential where water-closets are used, or where the drains receive excrementitious matter. In the case of a short length of drain, leading from a single inlet, placed in an open space, such as a backyard, though desirable, it is less necessary and may be omitted without serious danger.
R. Any direct communication between the interior of the house and the house-drain should be avoided. Pipes carrying water from baths or sinks within the dwelling should therefore deliver their effluent above trapped gullies in the open air. The effluent from baths or sinks on upper stories should, whenever practicable, be received by open-topped pipes, delivering freely above trapped gullies at or a little below the ground-level. If, as in the case of water-closets, a direct communication has to be made between a fitting inside the house and the drain, then there must be complete ventilation by means of a pipe carried up outside and to the top of the building.
By-Laws.
Care to be taken in selecting position of lower ventilating opening.
Importance of complete ventilation in certain cases.
Avoidance of direct communication between interior of house and house-drain.
Giving by occupier or owner or notice.
1. Any owner or occupier of private premises who intends to construct, reconstruct, alter, or amend any drain shall give at least seven days' previous written notice of such intention to the Board, and such notice shall be notice of
AD. 1901.]
PUBLIC HEALTH.
[No. 10.
921
or near its extremities, openings giving a free escape to the air within it, and, between these openings, there should be no trap or other obstruction to the free passage of air.
O. These ventilating openings should be so placed that any sewage-tainted Position of which may escape from them shall be as little offensive as possible. With ventilating
openings. this object, the inner ventilating opening should be placed above the roof of the dwelling. This is usually done by carrying up a pipe, having a free opening at the top, above the roof and at a distance from any window. The second opening is usually made on the house side of the trap which severs the direct communication between the drain and the public sewer. If, however, there is no trap between the house-drain and the sewer, then there is no With necessity for a second opening, the sewer itself serving the purpose.
well constructed system of self-cleansing street-sewers this arrangement may be adopted with safety, even with advantage. Then every house-drain ventilator serves as a sewer ventilator also; and,/when this is done univer- sally, no accumulation of sewer-tainted air can take place in any part of the gystem.
P. Care must be taken in selecting the position of the lower ventilating opening, because the elevated ventilating pipe by no means secures a per- manent upward current of air. According to the relative temperature of the air within and without the drain, to the direction and force of the wind, so an upward or downward current will obtain.
Q. Complete ventilation is especially important where any part of the house. drain system is in communication with the interior of the dwelling, or where the system is extensive and has numerous inlets. It is essential where water- closets are used, or where the drains receive excrementitious matter: In the case of a short length of drain, leading from a single inlet, placed in an open space, such as a backyard, though desirable, it is less necessary and may be omitted without serious danger.
R. Any direct communication between the interior of the house and the house-drain should be avoided. Pipes carrying water from baths or sinks within the dwelling should therefore deliver their effluent above trapped gullies the open air. The effluent from baths or sinks on upper stories should, henever practicable, be received by open-topped pipes, delivering freely above trapped gullies at or a little below the ground-level. If, as in the case of water-closets, a'direct communication has to be made between a fitting inside the house and the drain, then there must be complete ventilation by means of
pipe carried up outside and to the top of the building.
By-Laws.
Care to be
taken in selecting position of
lower ventila- ting opening.
Importance of complete certain cases.
ventilation in
Avoidance of direct com- between interior of house-drain.
munication
house and
Giving by occupier of
owner or
1/Any owner or occupier of private premises who intends to construct, reconstruct, alter, or amend any drain shall give at least seven days' previous written notice of such intention to the Board, and such notice shall be notice of
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