bert Peel, Baronet; 1835, Apeil, William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne; 1841, Sept., Sir Robert Peel, Baronet, 1946, July, John Russell, Esq. (Lord John Russelly
Moreover, during the whole of this period the Firat Lord of the Treasury, when a commoner, has also been Chancellor of the Exchequer, with the exception of the portion of it from September, 1841, when Bir Robert Peel took the one office without the other; an example which has been followed by his successor, Lord John Russell, the present First Lord of the Treasury and Prime Minister. Ofthe eighty-six years that have elapsed since the acces sion of George III, the office of First Lord of the Treasury has been held by peers for nearly forty, It has been disjoined, therefore, from that of Chan- ce lor of the Exchequer for about forty five years of the eighty-six.
THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZETTE.
the present various functions of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. In fact, he exercises all the powers vested in the Treasury Board, and has therefore the entire control and management of all matters relating to the receipt and expenditure of the pan. lie money, whether arising from taxes granted by parliament, or from other sources of revenue in the United Kingdom or the colonies, as well as of the private revenue of the sovereige, and also the cas
pany, nominated by the wardens of the Company. The coins are compared with the tris! plates, which are kept," says Mr Thomas, “in the Confessor, in the clusters of Westminster Abbey, ancient Treasury in the clapel of Edward the the keya of which, and of the box in which the trial plates are deposited, are now in the custody of the Comptroller of the Exchequer and the Lords countants, when andited by the Commissioners for of the Treasury. The accounts of public ac
the Chancellor of the Exchequer. auditing public accounts, are also declared before
ment.
Throughout the same period the First Lord of the Treasury has been Premier, with only the fol. lowing exceptions that till September, 1761, while the Duke of Newcastle was First Lord, the Premier -was Mr Pitt, Kolding the office of one of the Sa.
cretaries of State; that from Sept, 1761, to May,tody of all public property, or property belonging 1762. while the Duke of Newcastle was still First Lord, the Premier was the Earl of Bute, holding he has to frame regulations and establishments for to the sovereign. In the execution of those duties the office of Secretary of State; that from August, conducting the business of all the financial depart. 1760 to January, 1768, while the Duke of Grafton
It would occupy too much space to detail at was First Lord. the Premier was again Mr Pitt, now
ments in the country, and also to control the ex-length the story of the various changes which penditure and fix the salaries and expenses not mily have been made from time to time in the system Earl of Chatham, holding the office of Lord Privy of those departments, but of all other departments of the Exchequer, and in the mauer in which Sealy and that from February, 1808, to September in which there is an expenditure of public money.
the accounts of the public revenue have been kept of the same year, while Lord Grenville was First
He has also to decide, within the limits of the law, and payments made into and out of that establish, Lord, the Premier was Mr Fox, holding the office
on all questions between the Sovereign and the of Secretary of State.
Formerly, when money was paid in, the subject arising from the receipt and expenditure o public money, &ze, &c. Besides the high functions upon a slip of parchment called a Bill; and then entry, after being made in a book, was transcribed performed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer in from that n stick or rod of hazel or some other duty to keep the Seal of the Court, and to affix the it, indicating the sum in the Bill. This was called connection with the Treasury Board, it is also his wood was prepared with certain notches cut upon same to all instruments requiring to be sealed: the striking or terying a tally. The tally was then ministerial duty is performed, agreeably to anolent cloft from the hend to the shaft through the notches, usage, by an officer called the Sealer; and this of and one of the two parts retained by the Cham fice is in the gift of the Chancellor of the Exche. berlains of the Exchequer, while the other, called quer. The office of Sealer and Under-Secretary a Counter tally, or Foil, was given to the party to the Chancellor is held by the same officer: the paying in the money, and was his discharge in the office of Principal Secretary to the Chancellor was Exchequer of accompt. The tallies were unt passed under the Exchequer Court, to examine and ceipts, till 1783. At the same time the offices of abolished in 1880. When leases of Crown lands abolished, and indented cheques substituted as re- ascertain that the instrument brought to be sealed the Chamberlains were abolished, but not deter. corresponded with the dockets previously entered mined; and it was not till 1826 that the last of the n the Secretary's Office
.Al
Chamberlains resigned. conveyances
Finally, in 1834, the and leases of Crown lands are now made under the entire ancient constitution of the Receipt of the hands and seals of the Commissioners of Woods, Exchequer was put an end to; and instead of the Forests, and Land Revenue."
Auditor, four Tellers, Clerk of the Pells, and en. bordinate officers, the following new officers were appointed:-namely, a Comptroller General of the Receipt and Issue of his Majesty's Exchequer, an Assistant-Comptroller, a Chief Clerk, and such number of Clerks and Assistants as should be re- gulated and established from time to time by the Commissioners of the Treasury. Up to this time the accounts of the Exchequer had been kept in Latio and in Roman numerals: it was not till now that this cumbersome and barbarous method was dispensed with even in receipts and vouchers.
The minister to whom the actual superinten- dence of the revenue now principally belongs is the Chancellor of the Exchequer. In the modern sys. tem he is always, as well be the First Lord of the Treasury, a member of the Cabinet; but he is never A peer; and no Chancellor of the Exchequer, who is tot also First Lord of the Treasury, is ever Prime Minister.
The Exchequer was anciently divided into the Account Side, in which the King's revenue was gij- pervised and managed, and the Receipt Side, to which it was paid in. Out of the Account Side, or the Exchequer of Account, has grown the Court
own the finw called the Court of Exchequer, with the his- tory and present constitution of which, however, we have here nothing to do. The Receipt of the Exchequer used formerly to be often called Infe riu Scaccarium, or the Lower Exchequer. The Excender generally, too, or at least that part of it where the King a treasure was told, deposited, and sued. was frequently called the Thesaurus, or Treasury
This term, therefore was used in two senges both for the place actiently containing the King & treasure, and for the department of the go- verndent presided over by the Lord High Treas
surers
cheaper person
That officer, as has been already mentioned, was
inted by patent Treasurer of the Ex- d in ancient times he used to anend - Sometimes part that establishment there was devolved upon an officer The Treasurer's Lieutenant, who was in fact deputy, or the Vice Treasurer. Lord High Areasurer also used to attend and sit with the other Barons on the Account Sitle, or in what is now called the Court of Exchequer,
There are two seals used in the office, the one, the Great Seal of the Court of Exchequer, which is not used more than ten or twelve times in the year, and then jointly with the other seal, except on what are called Seal Days, when the great seal is separately used in passing the accounts in court; the other a small one called the Initial Seal, from its containing formerly the initials of the name of the Chancellor for the time being, but now the le- ters C. F. substituted five or six years ago, when Mr F. T. Buring was Chancellor, which is affixed to all writs issuing from the office of Pleas, and the office of the Queen's Remembrancer; and "is," saya Mr Thomas, in daily use, and seldom ide during official hours." The fees received at the Exohe quer Seal Office went to the Chancellor till 1831, when he was placed no a fixed salary, and the fees directed to be carried to the Treasury Fee Fund.
Another duty which the Chancellor of the Ex- chequer performs is to preside, in the absence of the Lord Chancellor, at the court for what is called the Trial of the Pix, which is held at the Receipt of the Exchequer. The Pix is the box in which the coins are contained that have been selected for trial or assay before the coinage of which they make part is allowed to be issued from the Mint. It is sealed with three seals. and secured with as many locks, the keys of which are kept by the master of the Mint, the Chancellor of the Exche- quer, and the Queen's Assayer; and the trial is conducted in presence of such members of the Privy Council as may be summoned, and a jury of twenty-one frcemen of the Goldsmiths' Com-
F
MANIFESTS
i
Constitutionally, it may be added, the Exchequer is regarded as subordinate to the Treasury. An Act passed in 1097 (Stat. 8 and Will, FL c. 2 entitled An Act for the better Observation of the Course anciently used in the Receipt of Exche quer, contains a clause providing that "this Act, or anything herein contained, shall not extend to lessen or diminish the lawful power, order, rute, or government, which the Commissioners of the Treasury, and the Treasurer for the time being, base and ought to have over the officers and mi bisters of the said Receipt, or any other lawful power which the said Commissioners of the Tres. sury or Treasurer for the time being have and ought to have in the execution of their places or trust respectively.
i
COM
(From the News Weekly General Price Clers.
KEMARKE ON THE MARKET.
IMPORTS
Collon Goods-The market so, that all the importers report los scarcely sold any thing coring is rather scarce, and three or lot shopkeepers are His only ones that! their own terms
much
We said in our last nomber, and repeat itaq, uz this week, but we hear of a few sales of goods to Importert do not super to have been to uz much
arrive per Cometa and TramECTRAL
The only inquiries for White Shirtings are al present confined to low qualities, which are telling at $3 per piece; and the stops appear to be grell
40 in, Grey Shirtings supplied with midding qualities. 92-70 for 10 yds, is the current rate for en ererage quality of
A small lor of American Grey Shirtings for which 43-50 a 83-6-0 for 40 yds, is said to have beza of fered alone, has been sold at 24-36 along with 2000 pieces of $0 in. Grey Dritingent a low figure, this article being a present ball of sale.
EXPORTS.
4-3-6 was offered for carrest quality and refused. Sugar. Before the arrival of the April mail Holders offer it now at this price, bat no bayers. In this sets the nominal price may be condered $4.3 a 84-3-6 The inquiry of the low qualiES of Zebu, de, has diminished for Sydeer. They prefer Pampanga sundried.
Hemp-Few arrivals, and sold at 1 c16 per pical unscrewed
Coffee-Lirde left in the market, and the last purchases at $91.
Rice-Falling in consequencend the last advices from Amoy, bat considerable parcels bought for the consumption of the neighbouring population of this capital
Segara. They were sold at very high prices at the auction of the 21st ultimo, riz —
50 ms a $8.5-A 250
+
42.
VÉS is $8-LA
756 506
T
200
945. "At 94.5. 250 9.3.6. 9.3.3.
1
1203
7-5 6. 7.3.0.
212 west-
Sopan Wood. --la demand. EXCHANUE ON England.-There have been no operations of any nosequence during the week. Drawers ask 43 410 5 me. Bille, but no parchas. ers at this rate in hopes of doing better before the next mail's departure. Ox CHINA, I per cent dis- connt, and few purcha-ers.
TONXA66.-The Kizneze was taken last week at.. £ 10s per ton of current Sugar, and the Lasile Eden this werk at £ per ton of Taal Sager and £5 per The only intelligence from the Frontier is then of 50 feet for light freight. These operations arrival of the Lieutenant-Governer at Graham's Town, on the 23d;-he was about proceeding to Kafirland, to meet the Governor-Cape Shipping: and Mercantile Gazette, April 30.
OF VESSELS CLEARED FOR CHINA.
MARY SPARKS,~Liverpool, for Hongkong, sailed 15th April, 1847 --
Quantities.
Shippers,
Most of the functions anciently appertaining to the Lord Treasurer in connexion with the Exche quer have now devolved upon the Chancellor of the Exchequer There is some doubt, however, whe- then that officer may not have been originally ap pointed to take the place and perform the duties at the Exchequer of the Lord Chancellor or King's Chancellor after the separation of the Exchequer from the Chancery, which is supposed to have taken place about the beginning of the reign of Jal The Chancellor of the Exchequer certainly existed in the reign of Henry III. In the thirty first year of Edward the Chancellor of the Er chequer was also the Treasurer's Lieutenant; bu st other times the two ofices, when both existedt were held by different persons. In one instance, in 1622 the Lord Treasurer was commisioned to act as Chancellor of the Exchequer cellor of the Exchequer is now always also Under Treasurer of the Exchequer, but the two offices are held by separate patents. The existence of the ffice of Under Treasurer can be clearly traced as far back as to the reign of Henry VI In one in- stance, in 1662, the Lord Treasurer was appointed to act also as Under Treasurer The patent an this occasion set forth that the payment and issuing money out of the Receipt of the Exchequer was, in aundry cases, usually made by the orders and under the hands of the Treasurer
suror and Uuder Treasurers and that sundry other acts were usually done by Fletcher, A. the Treasurer and Under Treasurer jointly; and, there being no Under Treasurer at that time, it dis rected the Treasurer to execute the duties of both offices during the vacancy
Fletcher, A. & Co. GD R. J. Farbridge & Co. Diamond R J. Willink
Heart RNW R. J. Farbridge & Co. AEG Fletcher. A. & Co. GDC The Chan-N. Crooke & Co.
Do.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer is always one.
A. Hood
Diamond & 20 bales 1000 pcs. shirtings COLOURED AND PRINTED COTTONS, R. J. Farbridge & Co. Diamond MF
Heart RCH Rawson & Co.
COTTON YARN
may be considered equal to 26 104 a 26-63 for cur- rert suger and this, in our opinion, is the highest freight that could be obtained at present, in conse- quence of the April maïï's advices from England.
telescopes
557 yds. woollens ? 120
15 doz. boriery
5 brk. I box 6. preend meats 45
1 case telescope
lamp cotton
1 crate 2 pipes
5. hardware
10
35
15
100
30 boxes 17) toas sath, copper 750
1 case 2104 lbs. printed books 20
5 bales SS10 yds, buen
2 casks 400 lbs Gini glass
2,350 STRATHEDEN,-428 tons, Burton, London, for Victoria, Macao, and
Do.
1
62
Do.
N & P
1
44
2 c. hardware
23
Do.
L
2 c. plated ware
25
Do.
4 iron grates
8
Do.
1 case toilet glasses
14
Do.
1438 yds linen suď
60
Marks.
Volin Sig
WV. Macis
1 box boots and shoes
18
PLAIN COTTONS.
73 bales
10
140,500 yds.
20,000
2.020 275
J. Bibby & Sons Glen & Anderson
Dismond LF HR
10
2 es sibing copper 250
1 case cullery
70
Do.
1 box printed books
61
*:
B. Joseph de Co.
M & P
6 iron plates 10 c
12
23.100
300
+9
De.
i case 2 c. hardware
as
13 cases
45 balls
18.720 90,000
"
413 1,200
A. D. Rutherford
BRIR
2
Do.
Diamond EA 10~
R Thin
Diamond R
do.
BB 20
D
I
D.
do,
BC 20
31
*pickles
200
Do.
do.
BD 50
380,000
5,000 B, Joseph & Co.
M & P
Dr.
Do.
do.
BE 50
Do.
Do.
do.
BE 50
Do.
10. iron gras
600
.
Do
M & P
8 cas
lá c. iron grates
13
Do.
2
FT
**
& Co. SPT
5 cases 6
AND TWIST. 150 bales
4,986 6,000
177
Do.
2 boxes time pieces
F1
158
J. Bibby & Sons
Diamond L
+
J.J. McDowall
:
P
Barnes Brothers
JMR
60,000 lbs.
2,700 Barnett & Co.
M & P
MO
50
20,000
930
SPT
193
53,900
H
ON
55
22,000
900
Canton, cleared 6th April, 18471
Diamond GC
do, do 13
20
340
COTTONS.
182
7,200
14
75 bales
80.000
140 G. Lewis 050.
Cross DGLC
ca. 334 pubs, shirtings $60
do.
10
30
18 000
425 Do.
1
do.
205
45
$4
1 truss
50 bales
18,000 20,000
JEGOLLENS
6 bales
200
400
1900
1,200 Hayter & Ca
EAS.
Triangle RCW Heart HWC 503 LRH Double Heart R Head PFM
165
875
Do. 680 Phillips Grares HW & Co. 1 case S, 100 yds, collen Lace
SFOOLL ENS ANILKOOLLEN STUFES
Carole SERE 50 bales 1.000 woollen stuffs
do PHHB 123 2460 do PS3D
100
1500
600
2,600
Dallas it. Co.
100
chales 120 ends Irno lens 1 bozonac cloth
do
700
MISCELLANEOUS
Diamond EE
M&P
Do.
Do. Do.
A. Hood
R. J. Farbridge & Co. Diamond MMWM 6 e
of the Lords of the Treasury, when the office of Lord Treasurer is put la commission, except only A. Hood when the Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bonch
Do.
Diamond Cd
do. 9.
RRMC do. OCC
R. J. Farbridge & Co Heart YTIC
R. J. Farbridge & Co. Fletcher A. & Co. Reiss Brothers
is appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer protem. Kennedy pre during & ministerial interregnum, or on some Do other particular emergency. The Chancellor of N. Crooke & Co. the Exchequer, also, was entitled to sit, as well as the Lord Pressure with the Barons of the Ex- chequer, when they sat, in what was called the Ex- chequer Chamber, as a Court of Equity "As late | Fletcher A & Co. Hean HWG as Michaelmas term, 1735,'' Mr Thomas states, "Sir Robert Walpole sat as Chancellor of the Ex. chequer, in the case of Nnish the East India Comp pany, in which the Barons were equally divided in opinion, and the Chance f the Exchequer de cided, after a hearing of t 110 w reported to live give The Equity Jaradiction of quer is now abolished, having the Court of Chantery in 1841.
on on which the Chiarellor now the
the Exchequer is on the annual at rids when with
the de017
Do Reid, frring & Co W. Mache
G. Lyon
J Everard
Bushby 22 Edwards –– Ri
י
2,000
5,200
10 cas
do
700 F Bath & Co. Head NPSE.
Do. PSIA
90 Harter Hotel Heart PSSD
Do
B
$2040 yds trains unk
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