728924-1847-21-Apr-1847 — Page 4

mait on the dura that Go

ncalar complaint in his Where the Amer

Arand Merino, as su

foruficaloa bult, and the edio for its defence, Unhap tter from Captain Fremont de.

or Infarious to the Mexican authorities.

THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND LONGKONG GAZETTE.

of the Pacific Ocean, and brought in by Dom.

This was the last letter received from Captain) anxieties, to disprove the accusations of Governor Fremont until the one of Joly 26th, from Malaray, Cestro, and to justify the operations of Capt. Fro mont. I make this communication to you, sie, on the responsibilities of an American Ses on addressing the President of the United States, and with the sole rieg of vindicating the American government, and its officer, from the foul imputa. tion of exciting insurrection in the provinces of a neighboring power, with whom we were that

peace.

THE COMING WAR IN EUROPE

for aven

A strong impression prevails in London, ther Russia is about to pounce upon Austria. Austria, the great embodiment of Absolutie, has gotte Stoat-The suble which brought him ask you

which is to destroy it, Possibly. Austria is sit the will more monstrous Emringo of Abplem have learned from that commodore, bat the causes

on every side; her walls have a practicable broch which led to these events are necessary to be known

t every point of the compass, When Bustin sei. for the justification of Captain Fremont; for, al

zes the Christian provinces of Turkey, the aggres s of these days, but the want of such though actually justified by the existence of the

sion will be upon Vienna rather than apua the war when these events took place; and, though

Porte. Hungary is a dependent that keeps Austr a lemn 1 well sengoted by the official communica

Asterias Camelat Monterey to our knowing of it when he wrote, yet he would not

I could add much more to prove that Capt.

in terror. Panaclavonianism, again, threatens Farmary of Frades, and by Captain Fremont's brief al himself of his subsequent knowledge to justify Fremonts private views and fealings were in uni-

Austein's ill-gotten Polish provinces. All Guruny Bon with his ostensible mission-that the passion pose to the Wanah (written in venni,) while exprovings acts, and therefore chose to roat every thing

is indignant with the once supreme Austria for the jasnag the truck af Clovernor Castro, and which upon the state of facts, as ho saw them, when he of his soul was the purauit of science--and that he

Mrranted and acted. These causes, and the events 16oked with dread and aversion upon every possible Cracow blunder. Switzerland, weak and small, is han besta lugejate published in our papera

to which they fel, are rapidly etetched by him in collision, either with Indians, Mexicans, or British,tempting Austria into suicidul projects of interven Den har an, as soon as they were re- cubre), vilka denies of the despatches, which are this. his last latter and while the whole letter is that could turn him aside from that cherished par- tion, if not of partition. Switzerland is a principle, and roughing that Austria will have mold to con herewith submitted to you, yet, for your don auit. A moro formal occasion for the exhibition derew; land baleed you, and from which it will ba

of these further and other proofs may soon pecur;ted with than the Surias: but what does An wee bat listerias Castro's accusations against ventence, I collect its substanes into the manifest

know about principles? In Italy Austrin is threat compass and Jay it before you. The substance is but the exigency of the circumstances seamed to me lazım Koyoshi is entirely unfounded-that so

ened with multiplied dangers. So much without. to require that no time should be lost in communi- bar dan hartag excited the Amories to revolt, he this: Althe middle of May, Capt. Fremont, in par

sance of his design to rauch Oregon, and returning the truth to the public mind, both at home and At the centre sits a cretin on the throne, and, . my faband te mogire these whe offered to

by the Columbia and Missouri through the Nor abroad, in a case so seriously affecting the national ing in the name of that cretin, the old decaying kun las Limb tree, that when after leaving this

thern Pase in the Rocky Mountains, had arrived at character, and in which uncorrected

minister of an old decaying empire--the old hus error: pueblos, and grandior discharges ta fire or six of his

band of a young wife. the great Tlamath Lake, in the edges of the Oregon a short time, would do great mischief. mea, be raduse § to fill their places from the mon in

toreitory, when be found his further progress com

Very respectfully, sir, your friend and follow. the anontry to determined was he to avoid as well

citizen, is appevaner, as in fact, the soullest not offensive pletely barred by the doable obstacle of hostile Indi The samo which Castro had oxcited against him, ned the

Thomas H. BeXTON Washington, November 9, 1846. correspondance shows the entire falsehood of all the forty mountains covered with deep and falling superlative gaacocade which Governor Castro putos, which made the middle of May in that into his official report about the spoils of the camp elevated region the same as the middle of winter. -the dispersion of Fremont and bis men-their These were the difficulties and dangers in front, fight into the balrushes, and through the desert-Behind, and on the north bank of the San Fran bis inffocation in the cradle of a dangerous conspi- cisco bay at the military post of Sonoma, was racy, re, with all which imaginary exploits his of Cuneral Castro, assembling troops with the avowed. ficial despatch was filled, while Fremont, with six-intention of attacking both Fremont's party, and tytwo man and two hundred horses, were slowly all the American settlers, against whom the Indians retiring in a body, almost in his view, and utterly had already been excited Thus, his

passoge bar. atraining from any act of offinge to the province red in front by impassable snow and mountains or its authorities. It was no doubt this false report hemmed in by savage Indians, who were thinuing to his government, and the ridicule he incurred by the ranks of his little party-menaced by a general in California, that led to his subsequent operations the head of ten-fold forces of all arme-the Ame la May to exterminate Fremont's party, and all the rican settlers in California marked out for destruc tion on a fales atousution of meditating a revolt under his instigation-his men and horse suffering from fatigue, coll and himine-and after the most anxious deliberation upon all the dangers of his po sition, and upon all the responsibilities of his con- act, Opptain Fromont determined to turn upon his pursuers, and fight them instantly, without re gard to numbers, and soek safety for his party and the American selera. by overturning the Mexican governinent California. It was on the 6th day of June that he came to this determination: and, the resolution being once taken, all half way mea sure were discarded, and a rapid execution of the plan was commenced. On the 11th of June. a sup Ply of two hundred horses for Castro's troops, on the way to his camp, conducted by as officer and fourteen men, were surprised at daylight, and the whole captured-the men and officers being releas. ed, and the hoses retained for American use,

American settlers on the Sacramento.

On his return from the evacuated camp on the Blerra, the governor also put forth a proclamation, in the rain of his report, and even worse, styling Fremont and his men a band of highway robbers, plundering the people, doc, which accusation of plondering the coural took the trouble to investigate, and found to be a very trivial offence of manners, (inct of law or morals) which the injured party va- fued at five dollars, and for which Captain Fremont For the rest, the consul, after all this, gave ten declares the inhabitants of the calintry to be well pleamed with Captain Fremont, and that he might walk the streets of Monterey the next day alone, if be chose. The only truth in Governor Castro's despatch is, that Captain Fremont tuck a military position, entrenched it, and rased the American flag, bat these events were the consequence, and not the cause of Governor Castro's movement against him; and this is fully shown in that brief heroic note, writes in pencil, in answer to the consui'e warning, In which Captain Fremont after refusing the aid of the American settlers, declared for himself and his sixty-two men that they had done nothing wrong to the authorities or the people of the country-thai if attacked they would defend themselves, and die to the last man under the ag of their country, and leave it to their country to avenge their deaths. All they did was in self-defence. The flag was raised, not as a standard of insurrection, or as a sign of contempt to the Mexican government, but na the Amerian symbol of honor and patriotiem, which was antled to respect from others to defence from thers and which they had displayed in that hour of danger en a warning to the approaching assaults band of union and devation among themselves da in appeal and invocation (if they should betoned to the avenging spirit of their far dis pal menuny —To my mind, this entrenching on a mocntala, dud riising the national Reg, was entire igmeldable under the circumstances of the case; and 14 2he resolution which they took [refusing The aid of their countrymen, to die fl attacked under the Bag of their country, four thousand mites dis tact from their homes was an act of the highest heroism, worthy to be recorded by Xenophon, and reflecting equall bocor upon the brave young officer who commanded, and the heroic sixTY Two by whom he ora upported.

Prussia (rembles Overreached by Russia, the hesitating trimming, martinet pedagogue, who takes himself for the workman when he is only tho tool, and not a drst-rate tool, is placed between two fires. The screen afforded by Poland razed, ho is beought into dangerous contact with the rude and The year opens with general presentiments of unscrupulous power of the North-a fencing-mas ter with fail and compliments exposed to the carcer was in Europe; apd, for all our predilections in fa-

of the wild Cosapek. At home, he wages with vour of peace, we cannot deny that the balance of

proomstination. The turnup of a straw may for probabilities is against its continuining much fon growing opinion a dangerops, fantalizing contest of ger. Some of our readers may have heard, and some may smile to be told, that England's patient Prussia into a military attitude, in which she would have to purchase an army at the cost of popular concession; or sell provoked troubles at home may obstinacy in maintaining peace has been colorat- cd, by men deeply versed in the science and prac

numbers, t last only till the force her to buy Russian forbearance on Russian tical application of you 18471 Certainly the actual posture and tendencies of affairs are not pacific. It is no part landlords, Liberalism never raised it head so high, of a wise policy, to shut your eyes to manifest signs The question of peace or war of coming events, does not rest with the peaceably-disposed. The compativeness of ruder nations seeks an outlet. It has been observed that one generation scarcely feels the horrors of war sustained by the preceding generation, and therefore does not fully value the blessing which it has in pesce, Monarchs still take pride in wearing the costume of the soldier's profession; and it is not to be supposed that those vast armies which have been prepared in the North and last have fought their last battles.

The question remains, at what point will war break out, when it does come? This question, of vitel importance for Europe and the progress of civilization, involves not only the difference be twean that which is inevitable and that which is not inevitable, but also the difference between what would be a gratuitous and unmitigated calamity and what might be a rough rond to better things. In England and France, power has learned so ac cept public opinish as arbiter on disputed points: the proper function of war, therefore, is superseded in that region, so long as public opinivo retains its due supremacy; and a return to the ruder process would be most criminal folly. Nothing could be gained by it; it would be a merely retrograde act. And in the same region, by a due use of legitimate influences-namely, those of mutual understanding and public opining-statesmen have the power to prevent war. In other regions the case is very different in both respects; that is to say, war ja either to be prevented nor perhaps wholly to be deprecated.

terms,

tenan

The peace of July is a a tenant at will, with many

nor behaved with so wise a discretion, The acces sion of Pins the lath began a new volume of hee un written history. The native princes are said to contemplate a league against align domination-a federal consolidation of Italy in order to her inde pendence. Austria will then pour in armies. Again,

wisely, by native princes; it will open a highway great main railroad into Italy as sanctioned, most to wealth for them and to immense popular adan ages for their objects: Austria is jealous, commer cially and politically, and not without reason: Aus- inia will probably resist, but English capital is not apt to be baulked of its legitimately sanctioned in veatment, or to be vanquished. There is growing up in the region a clear identity of native sovereign rights, of popular sights, of Franch and of English interests, But on the threshold stands inevitable

We have rapidly glanced over the volcanic re- On the 15th at daybreak, the military port of So,

gions on the map of Europe. In all of them war is nome (the point of rendezvane, nad intended head.

Imminent. We perceive a number of condicting quarters) was surprized and takep, with nine pieces

influences, growing too big for a coordinate occu of brass cannon, two hundred and fifty stand of

pation of a common territory, but possessing no muskets other arms and ammunition, with several

common intelligence or test by which to supersede superior officers, Genaral Vallejo, (Yol-ha-po,) his

the trial of strength, and therefore the tread of brother Captain Vallejo, Colonel Greux lon, and

strength must come, Absalutiam alone would ex- others; all of whom were mined and nonfined as

cile war, because it has yet some lessons in leurs prisoners. Captain Fremont then repaired to the

in that shape which it is incapable of receiving in American settlement on the Rio de los Americanos

any other shape, But, we aay, Europe has a lively to obtain assistance; and receiving an express from

interest us to the particular site where war pay his little garrison of fourteer in Sonoma Chat Gen.

happen first to break out. It touches those coun eval Castro was preparing to cross the bay of San

tries which most Hüprove perçe, that the cratur Francisco and attack thom with a large force, he

should be broken in as remoto a region as possible. set out in the afternoon of the 23d of June with

But that is a small consideration as compared with ninety mounted riflemen, and travelled day and Russia, the empire which subsists on the most

some others. Contest may be more or less produce night, arrived at 2 o'clock in the morning of the 25th rude and naked basis of main force, is the grand live in good fruits according to its mode and place at Sonoma-eighty miles distance. The vanguard depository of warlike menaces; and the advance of eruption. The case of Prassia, for instance, of Castro's force had crossed the baya squadron of her encroachment has now seached such a point might be ruled by the result of a struggle in. Italy of seventy dragoons, commanded by de la Torrs that the next step seems certain to involve Europe a war in Italy, therefore, might supersede certula which was attacked and defeated by twenty Ameri- in a war of resistance. The same unchecked pro- imminent troubles in Germany and it would be cans, with the Iman of two killed and some wounded

gress which has brought Russia to that point must

more likely to do so if it were not a fight betwe on the part of the Mexicans, and no injury to them. have taught her commanders a fatally delusive people and princes, (which would provoke symps- selves-de la Torre barely escaping with the loss lesson of impunity. Every stap has been success theuc movements) but one between native and of his transport boats, end and spiking six pieces ful Province attor province has fad the Russian alien princes, willa a contingent recognition of po of artillery. In the meantime, two of Captainmark placed upon it, and has been seized, with an pular olsims. Again, should the Italian contest be Fremont's men, going as an express, were captured advance as

o as, undisputed as that of the backwoods anticipated by the next step of Russian energach- by de la Torre's men, and, being bound to trees, man with his axe into the forest. The Russian meat, that oop act might supersede all special.com ware cut to pieces blive with knives! in return for boundary has been pushed not only to Persin but esse, in part if not altogether. Russia can grush which three of de la Torre's men being taken, were within Persia and Persia herself is ondergoing Austria Austria is not worth saving as she is, and The last letter that we received from: Capt Fre instantly shot. The north side of the bay of San

the double process of being enclosed by Russia

no one would laks the trouble, But Russia con moat after his withdrawal from the Stara, and Prancisco was now cleared of the enemy, and on the And of being Russianized internally. Russia has

be suffered to absorb into her rude moraas 3 001-. from the valley of the San Juan, is dated the ficat fourth day of July, Captain Fremont called the get her "Fansclavonian" merk on the Christian stituent and recognized part of Europe do swallow day of April, in latitude 40, on the Sacrament river;

Americans together at Sonoma, addressed them provinces of Turkey. The Times has been puup 4 living state: the advance of Russia on Europe, and though written merely to inform Mrs Fremont upon the dangers of their situation, and recom- blishing a remarkable corespondence, of the year therefore, would provoke a war of Europe on Itos- of his personal concerns, becomes important in a mended a declaration of independence, and war 1815, in which Lord Castlereagh remonstrated sia. Such a war is not to be avoided at the will public point of view on account of subsequent events upon Castro and his troops, as the only means of vigorously, but unsuccessfully, with the Emperor and pleasure of Entopean states: War depends, use- in Jane and Joly, by showing that on the first of safety. The independence was immediately declar Alexander against bis aggression on Poland; and alig on the ruder and therefore most quarrelsome April he was on his way to Oregon that he had ed, and the war proclaimed. A few days afterwards, among the rest, is quoted in extraordinary avowal, state, it depends hore upon Russia Russia, howP abandoned all Intention of returning throngh any an officer from Commodore Sloat, brought intelli- from a memorandum addressed by Count Pozzo ever, is not likely to see the consequences. Such part of California-would cross the Rocky Mo gence that the American flag was hoisted at Mandi Borgo to Alexendor. The Count is arguing a war would probably involve the unsettlement of untains through the Northern Pass on the line belery-on example which was immediately followed

the whole Russian and European system, and, word tween the Upper or Kettle Falls of the Columbia, wherever the news flew. pursuit and defea and the Great Falls of the Mizanuri-and be in the of Castro was then the only remaining enterprise.

the opportunity duly improved, would are Europe. aa better state it would be the healthful storm, Poved Butes in September -This shows that he He had fed south towards the numerous Mexican ad, at that time, an idea of the events in which he towns and settlements beyond Monterey, wuh his

which while it destroys purifies and so vivifios. was subsequently involved, and that he had aban. four or five hundred men, and Captain Fremont,

be regarded less as visitations, theas as opportunities, For such reasons, these portents of choler may doned the cherished field of his intended scientific leaving some fifty men in garrison, set out with one

How far they might be made to bear the best fruits. researches for the express purpose of avoiding all hundred and wisty mounted siftemen in the pursuit

would mainly depend on the aqulaners and deares exican authorities. Of the events when he received instructions from Commodore

tion of the most active promoters of opision in the a and the camp on the Bloat to, marah apon Monterey. He did en, and

several countries concerned All might be lost by Grds, without detail, but

found Commodore Bockton in command approving

aiming at too, mamah. For instance, were. Prussia casracteristic of bis

the pursuit of Castro, and aiding it by all the means luis country, and

forced into a position for making concessions to pas In his power. Tise sloop of wer Cyane was put at angeage. He

his service Capt Fremont, with one fiondred and

puler claims, the effort to snatch & republic would dd and

OLLORCA

ight

re a

|

sixty American iflemen and seventy name, em barked on that vessel, and miled down the conat on The 20th of July to San Digo, our bundred miles south of Monterey, and one hundred south of Pue bio de los gees where Castro was understood to 02 with an increasing force of ise hundred men.

pracent of the coast as

with the view to get ahead of

filter to intercepts E

against concession of Polish nationality in deference to the claims of Europe

The destruction of Poland as a nation forme almost the whole modern history territorial; and, I venture to say, se. condary to that which has been warned on upon the Western frontier. Mhe conquest of Poland has been affected princi

pally in order to multiply the relations of the Rossien nation with the rest of Europe, and to open a wider seld end a more eet and conspicians stage for the exercise of a strength and its talents, and for the satisfactions ofite pride, to pee. sons, and its interests. This great scheme, which has been crow.sed with compless success, admits of po division in the unity of the empire**

without advancing into Europe. She has her Ger

bo

This "great sebeme bas bear fully cossummat ed in 1848, by the annihilation of Cracow and the Absorption of Warsaw, Russia has extended her hry vein, and the resistance it would proreke froutier to its almost so far as merely multiplying quite possible, because the people are quite prepare prevent the attainment of what would be her relations with Europe," and can go ao furthered for a constitutional monarchy. In Italy again, if the native princas were engaged in a cone test with alien rulers, it would ben matter of choice for the peoples to support them priness or tega for pacate objects but the most surely profitohis step woght be, to make a compact alliance between peoples and Lice princes Rightly understood, of the people award increases with the

late, nut, mCH VARSE.

man frootage, and cannot push it on except by taking a bit of Germany. But why should she WAS stop, since perfect impunity and success myo bi- be in therto attended her advancer. A movin bog after ethio ; swallowing the field, might as well.

ples on coming to the village -

*KI stop, whenever taken, m

What the

Hom

the

Ia short, the

to be gained from opportunity da

leading actors aim

rather than at remote:

hed by JOHN. CARB2 and Hongkong COUGH STREET,

Kuzong, 1847.