728897-1847-16-Jan-1847 — Page 4

41-gon friggle, (1,200 tons,) con ship, (700 fans,) to be ard for the same purpose, unilerstood, have been made to

THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZETTE.

milled up to this time (half-past four) when an ingenious and sensibled friend to the public peace as well as the people, Mr James Byrne, of William

treat, suggested to the labourers the propriety of sion, the Royal William Vicing upon Me Howley's advice to put their gri-Highlande of Scotland. He dates his first letter nt at Plymouth, for the pur evances ou paper and hand it to him, which they Indian corn and manufacturing did, and a document was presented to the agit

trates) by a select number deputed by the entire of the various prezantinent sons money as the buty present, setting forward their distress, and On this being ithout stint-nearly 200,000 bas asking for work, at 5d. por day,

at the first six sessions in the cona prosented to Mr Howley, who read it, Mr Robi, In Clare, the total presentments ex- Longan, Mr Boate, and Sir N. Humble, J. P., A me baronial sessions in the being prezent, he said that nothing could be fairer; 40,000 was presented without that he would transmit it to the Government at

asdas Castlebar na rauch as 80,001%. Later wanted the the barony of Murrisk in Thosekny has agreed to an asaces, ment of 65,206, Chacraurice, 36,5741; and Ightconnor, 21911. A Cahiroiveen, the ma- the district are stated to have increased nagdat previously granted to 20,0001. A som was presented at Knockeroghory in can Al Chlua, cue of the wildest parts the extrems Want of Ireland, a meeting was at which the concourse of people is likened la lan master mesting of 1813. There was at Brat was madein hoong the peeple, but order | way uliwately restored, usd a sura of 40,0004, was | presented. These are a few of the most notable przetetzenia w many other districts analler sims, kenning in some cases to ten and twelve thou

and prunds, are keen voted.

;

enco, and he and every gentleman present would back it and represent things as they said there, and that he would be candid with them and show them the answer the Government would send him. Each of the other magistrates concurred in that which Mr Howley stated. They then insisted the he should liberate the prisoners taken in the earlier To this Mr Hawley replied, that part of the day. on this head he could make no terms with them, on hearing which the majority of the labourers went home; there werofa great number of ill-disposed persons, amongst whom the greatest excitement began to bo maüifosted in consequento of Mr How ley's refuzaal. Menutime, the Roy. Mr O'Gorman came up, and took upon himself to promise the people that if they quietly dispersed, the persona would be liberated on the following morning. This did not apparently satisfy them. Ono misguided The ducosition to disorder has re-appeared in a man in the crowd was seen by a policeman to stoop more aggravated form. At Clashmore, near You- for a stone, Sub luspector Rooney arrested him, ghal, a meat violent outbreak occurred. The occa- and in the handcuffing, a shower of stones were on as the adicarnud meeting of the extraordinary thrown at the policemen, when the dragoons charg presentment session, at which Lord Stuart de Deries ed the crowds through the square, making them fly presided Thousands are said to have congregated in all directions. It was now getting dark, and just cntride the Sesavasthouse; the crowd being com- before the moon rose, when the authorities resulv. peed mainly of Lord Stuart's poor tenants on Sliced on clearing the town of the crowds which were ve Graire Mountains. Many were clamorous for romaining about the square and streets without any food. The business of the sessions wna despatched apparent object. They got the crowds up William- with a good deal of confusion; nearly every work street, and quitly drove them before them. When asked for was grassed, to the amount of thousands coming near Carroll's public house, in the vicinity of posada. As the proceedings were drawing ton of the Christian Schools, a fearful shower of stones close, was apparent a bad spirit was abroad were thrown at the dragoons. Mr Howloy, who among the people. Several expressions of a vio- rode up to the crowd, to advise them, received a lent mature were made respecting Lord Stanri's blow of a stone in the back and another in the anal abscription of 51 only to the reliefund: shoulder. the stone-throwing was answered by much umbrage was taken also at his having stated a discharge of carbines from the dragoons, another from the chair that 10 a day was ample wages, shower of stones, and a more fearful repetition of zad that the work could not be commenced in less the carbines, in nil about 24 shots. There ware, a than tee days. The Magistrates endeavoured to great many received flesh wouls. Two received quiet the people, but without effect, When Lord what the medical gentleman pronounced to be mor Start appeared among the crowd, opprobrious tal wounds. One of them had his thigh, just above epithets wore sucwered on him, which were suc- the knee joint, shattered in pieces; the other re- coded by attempt at violence. With some diffi- ceived a bullet through the upper part of the thigh, calty he got into his carriage, and his lordship fed which passed through the scrotim, lacerating it to Dromana at full pect. The mob then gathered fearfully and coming out at the other thigh. Both in the churchyard, which is much higher than the the unfortunate mon were immediately taken to the Ipad, fred with stone; and with most violent poorhouse: on entering which they were treated yells and execrations against the military, mieli- in the kindest manner by Mr Walsh, the master. ately commenced an attack. A ringleader, named Immediately Surgeon Christian, the doctor to the Power, was very severely aabred, but was carried establishment, was in attendance, and did all that off by the populace; when their assaulte wore re- medical skill could do for the two men. Thus doubled Screral of the Busants were severely ended this day-a sad one to many. burt; and the force being amall, they had to retreat for their lives to Lord Huntingdon's farm-yard, which was inmediately barricaded. The crowd committed to violence on the inhabitants of Clash more, and left the place by degrees as night ap prosched.

Next day a mob of thousands marched down to Fisher's mill, opposite Youghal, vowing vengeanco If Indian meal were not sold at ts. per stone; but they contented themselves with threats of ven- geance against the fortymen and boatmen should they carry curn or provisions over to the Youghal merchant. An express having been sent to the Admiral at Cove, the Myrmidon was immediately

having a fair wind, it arrived off) the barbour, when the comuéter got out all bis beats, fled with Artillery and Matines, and pulled into the harbour; the launch, carrying a nine pounder in her bow, coming in last: the stemmer coming to an anchor about half,past four o'clok. This seasonable arrival seemed to deter the country boys, and they again returned to their homes, where they bare remained overawed, but things continue ja a very unsettled state.

There have been food riots at Kilworth, Fermoy, Neagh, in the county feath, and elsewhere, and there can be no doubt that the people are reduced to the most frightful condition,

In the county of Waterford, the populace and mileary, have been in collision, as appears from the following -

"..

The town throughout the day wore the most excited appearapes. Mr Howley's task was a most trying onc, and well did he discharge it,

I au bound to speak from observation, and my duty compels me to state that if he were aided by a fow influential men from Daugarve and the surround ing localities, the and catastrophe with which the day was terminated would no have taken place. One of the men wounded subsecently died.

Proclamations have since been posted in and about Dungarvan, intimating that no locality will be allowed the bonefit of public works were inti- midation is pursued on the part of the peasantry, London Mail, October 7,

SCOTLAND.

It is reported that Lord Murray will be specify clevant to the peeruge, and his place on the bench cenferred upon the present Solicitor-General. Mr. Moncreiff, it is understood, will succeed to the latter office.

The University of Oxford, United States, on the 4th ult., unanimously conferred the degree of D. D. on the Rev. Poter Macindoe, A. M, of the Reform- od Presbyterian Church, Kilmarnock.

:

Mr Gillon and Mr Smith have offered themselves as candidates for the Stirling burghs at the next. election, Lord Dalmeny has expressed his inten. tion to retire; but Mr Alison, of the Forth Iron works, has issued an address, putting forward his pretensions. There are three candidates therefore

still in the field.

to make a report to Government on the probable supply of food for the people; but that direct pe- cuniary advances cannot be promised.

The Times Commissioner has been sent to the from Andgay, Ross-shire, on the 22nd of Septem. ber; the result of his investigation thas far is, that there has been a general failure in the potato crop, and that there is consequent scarcity and privation; | but that good employment is abundant in the Eastern Highlands, and that with activity and self dependence the pressure may be met. He extends his investigation to the general causes of poverty in the Highlands, and discoveres that they are ethnographical-the idleness and helplessness of the Colie rose. In Ireland, the descendants of the ancient Scoth submit to filth, poverty, and hopeless luck of improvement, because they will not be throubled" with any exertion; the same race in the Scottish Highlands will nao be fashed" with any necessary effort at improvement.

The donth of a Beottisli rhymester is recorded at some length in the Glasgow papers. His name was Alexander Radgor, and it appears that one of his songa- Behave persul' before folk "--had the honor of quotation in the Noctes of Blackwood : whilst another Sawacy, now the King's come -----(a satire of much olovérnosa and great pungency, welten on the visit paid by George IV, to Scotland in 1822) appourad first in the London Examiner, and reached Edinburgh almost simultaneously with the publication of Sir Walter Scott's Welcome, en- titled, "Carlo, now the King's come." The coin- cidence (says the Glasgow Herald), and the simila- rity of the measure were remarkable, and specula lion was rife as to who the nun could be who dared to write so boldly and bitterly at a time of national enlhosiasm. Certain it is, it caused much annoy ance it the kind-hearted Minstrel of the North, with whom loyalty amounted almost to a a feeling

of devotion.

**

FREE CHURCH.-The Presbytery of Hamilton has inducted the Roy. Mr Me Towan, late of Bervie, to the pastoral charge of Broomknoll Church, Airdrie. The Presbytery of Linlithgow has in ducted the Rev. James Boyd to the Church at Pol more. The Presbytery of Orkney has ordained Mr A. Smellie to the Church of Darness. The Presbytery of Zetland has inducted the Rev. D.. Fraser to the Church at Lerwick. The Presby. tory of Ayr hus ordained the Rev. J. Z. Huio, Mi- nistor to Australia.

Some days since a draadful accident from explo- sion of fire-damp, whereby six lives have been lost, occured at a più connected with the Clyde Fron West, the property of Messro, Dunlop, a few miles up the Clyde from Glasgow. The pit is called Bogle's Hole, and is situated within a stone throw of the river sido. It is a working which has been daily open of late, and no premonition of dinger had taken place in connexion with it About four o'clock in the morning, five mon and a boy went down in the course of their ordinary occupa tions, and immediately on the lights which they enrried coming in conflict with the foul nig, the ex- plosion took place, by which the whole have been deprived of life. The majority of the men were married, and have loft widows and families,

A

A melancholy accident happened on the same day at the railvay works, at a little distance fout Aberdeen, immediately opposite the Cevanha brew- ery. Several arches of the inclined plane had been completed, and the necessary woodon erections to support it white building were taken away, liule before eight o'clock in the morning three of the arched gave way, burying amongst the stones, bricks, and rubbish, a number of the workmen. Measures were inmediately taken to relieve the un- fortunato individuals; but we lament to state that, after a tedious and arduous task of upwards of an hour, seven were taken out dead, having evidently been killed instantaneously; four others were got out much bruised, of whom two were taken to the in- firmary, and two to their own houses. Two of the individuals who were injured have since died.

SPECIAL JURY Cash,—Mazon GENERAL Jonu MUNRO v. Mas. Catherine Munno and Hoen Rose Ross Esay OF CROMARTY →In this case the pursuer sought the jury to find, 1st, that he was entitled to the property called Coillavore, El- landarroch, and Tormore, on the east side of the river Alness, at Dalmore; and 2nd, that the de- fender had withdrawn water from the river for his mills at Dalmore, contrary to his servitude, and to the damage of the pursuer. A special jury was empannelled, consisting of Glenmoriston; Dalvey Flowerburn; Raddory; Mr Fraser, Abersky; Mr Cameron, Corrychoillie; Messrs. Doubar, yrs of Northfield; Gillespie, Ardochy; Greig, Tulloch

ahen Mr Grant of Glenmoriston, as their Chan-

the translation of the Very Rev. Principal Lee, from the parish of Lady Yester's in Edinburgh to that of the Old Church, Dr. Bennjo-in 1836 we appointed as his successor.-Ibid.

BALT AND SUGAR.

An old writer, in contrasting the condition of the people of France and England, observes that "The King of France does not permit any one to uso mak but what is bought of himself, at his own arbitrary price, and, if any poor person would rather cat his meat without salt, than to buy it at such an exorbi- tant dear rate, he is nevertheless compellable to

was one of the greatest grievances in Old France, provide himself with it as aforesaid." The gabello and is thought to have helped to precipitate the revo lution, in which so much of good and happiness for the country so miserably perished.

The valuo of salt, as an article both for domestic use and in manufactures, can scarcely be overrated, Underrated it will scarcely be by those who remain- bor what ensued in this country on the removal of the duty that had so long enhanced its price. Thes stimulus given to the fisheries was immediate, and i the exportation of our anlted fish forms now au im- portant item in British commerce.

Our readers will not have failed to have noticed in a recent dùmber of our paper a letter, in respect of the salt monopoly in India, addressed to the manu facturers of Manchester and its neighbourhood, by Mr D. C. Aylwyn, partner in an eminent Calcutta house.

The position and means of information enjoyed by the writer give to his statements a titlo to the most serious consideration. The effort it to

prove how seriously the home manufacturer is pre- judiced in the Indian market by the monopoly of salt possessed by the East India Company, and that a removal of that monopoly would afford a speedy and immediate outlet for the productions of the loom and the spinning jenny.

The great mistake which has possessed peoplo in England is, that the habits and tustes of the Hindoo disqualify him from becoming one of our customers. It was broadly averred "that the inhabitants of India not only required and were litle or no clothing, but that many of them preferred, as a matter of choice, to exist in that state." But this is a delusion, in which none of those shared who were convorsunt with the Hindoo character the character, especially, of the inferior classes.

When the differential duties on East India, in favour of West India, sugar were equalised, and the lindoa found a market for his produce and the means of becoming himsolf a purchaser, the sale in Indin of British manufactured goods increased to an amazing extent, and this especially strongst the poorer people. In 1838-30, before the equalisation, the consumption of the less expensive cottons, such as long cloths, jaconets, and mindapolkams was 427, 462 pieces; in 1812-43 it was 1,779,987, and in 181844, 2.470,542.

We see from this the value to the British manufac turer of the Indian market, and we see how largely the censumption of British manufactures was influ- enced by the equalisation of the surgar duties, and the opportunity consequently afforded the findco in competing with other of our transmarine subjects in furnishing us, with so necessary an article. That the exportations of sugar from India should be large, is therefore distinctly the interest of the home produ cer; and he, with those acquainted with the fact, will naturally inquire how it is that that exportation is so scanty-nay, how it is that it should have gra. dually diminished, and be less by 250,000 maund than it was in 1840-41.

Exportation of Sugar from Calcutta, in Bazaar Maunds.

Years. 1637 38 1838 39 1839-40 1840-41

1841-42 1842.43

1843-44

Maunds.

814,771

869,107

843,880

1,784,791

1,522,092

1,605,530

1,542,581 1844-45

1,539,117 The fact loses none of its strangeness when wo learn that the estimated annual production of sugar in India is not less than 1,250,000 tons, which is more than 15,000 per cent above the quantity at present exported. The cultivation is carried on so cheaply that the profits on the production are from 1001. to 150l. per cent. Every petty ryot grows sugar property for his own consumption, as sugar is, with the exception of salt, the only antiseptic known in the tropical regions of Hindostan. Why, then, is not more grown, so that there should bo more exported, and so that the ryot might be enable to become a most valuable customer to the British

The answer is furnished by the averment that the price of salt to the ryot is so enormous, through the tax levied upon the ryot is compelled to surrendor for its purchase it by the East India Company, that often one-fourth of his annual labour. He must bave salt, and when he has paid for it-the low wages in India considered-ho finds he has nothing more of time to spare than will enable him to pro- vido himself and his family awith a baro subsistenco and the scanfest of clothing. If, then, we could relieve him from the oppression of the Salt-tax, ho would be enabled to raise more sugar for exportation. and so to becorae, as he has evinced the strongest disposition to be, a large purchaser of our cotton. goods.

Dungarvan, Monday nigth, Sept. 28, 1846- About twelve o'clock the aquare and streets began The Scotch papere continue to multiply accounts partially to all with people, and at half-past one a of distress in the Bigblands and Islands, approach. J. Lawson, Elgin Andrews, Housebill; and Simp-manufacturer? body of labourers from Old Parish, Ardmore, anding in intensity the destitution in Ireland. The son, Nairu; and after a long investigation, the Tuhmo to the namber of something near seven Edinburgh Witness has this report on the subject-jury retired, and returned at half-pust six o'clock, The potato fallure may be described in two words

total, universal, in Scotland. The visitation has cellor, stated the unanimous verdict to be for the fallen most severely upon the Highland and Island pursuer upon the first and second issue, and of the population of Ecotland; and in many districts of that defenders upon the third and fourth (or alternative) extensive territory scenes are already begun which issues. This dicision gives the land to Teaninio, are more than sufficient, were they but known, to

And the water to Mr Ross of Cromarty. Under awaken the sympathies of every feeling heart. The the direction of the Court, the jury were paid by proportion of the people in the parts of our country the parties equally. The proceedings altogether already named whose sole provision thronghont the occupied three days. The lountry and friends of year consisted of potatoes, is not known to our Low-General Munro, considering the verdict on a tel land countrymen It is very large. That one-half of the population used them as theis staple diet, even thrice a day, is certain. But of that hall, there are beyond question many thousands of families where oatmeal or harley meal and where animal food, was scarcely ever seen. is impossible to exaggerate the misery of those fa milies. Their case je stated when it at said that they are in total absolute want. It be ag gravated in its immediate pressure by the year when it has fallen upon ther provision of the former

ed, estered the square, and marched in pro- cess down the quay and towards Mr Flood's store, when they cautioned him against shipping any corn, From thence they proceeded towards the modars, but on their way to the Main-street they were invited by a taker, named Morgan, to par take of what bread he had in his shop. This they refused, and said they only wanted employment and a proper rate of wages. They then scattered Through the streets and pure, which were almost ao crowded were they, In the mean. mounted police were passing to and fro At three o'clock P.. How magistrate, arrived from Kil. was attending the extraar: session, with about forty dra- Roye they proceeded to part of the quay, where the la. Eowley ad-

hey

was a marky in current. years

of

unph, commemorated the event by erecting bon fres on different parts of the property. Many of the houses in the village of Altless were also illa. minated.

The duty on salt in India is 81. 2s. 6d, per ton- its value, "free on board ship" at Liverpool, is 158; per ton, and the average consumption is certainly not less than twelve pounds per head, or about sixty pounds per family. Considering, then, that in many places the ryot's earnings do not rise above 11. 16s. a year, a reason seems to be supplied why the cultivation of angur for a foreign market is prac tically prohibited.

The death of the Rev. Dr. Bennie is announced, For some time past he had been in an indifferent state of health, and with a view to its restoration, bad repaired to Dunoon, with his family, where his useful life was suddenly brought to a terminn Lion on the 2rst inst. Dr. Bennie gave indications of his future eminence at an early age, At the University of Glasgow, he was perhaps the first

Out of his day and when he left the dolls, A people rendered so miserably poor by the op- deu with labours to enter upon the proudpressive weight of an import upon an absolute neces he had devoted himself in the sary of life, cannot, in the nature of things, be a stone, in the neighbourhood of people capable of agricultural production beyond the eparded as one of the most ris

Fawn immediate necessities, and o rettmalarcea eti Lor climate can coun-

state of thines

Morning Post.

men on hoHS, DÖSSERE ON

bich be

pred elpron years On

liked by Joux CAEN, China and Hongkong

GOUGH STREET

TOTOMIA, HONOKong, 1847,