728884-1846-02-Dec-1846 — Page 4

heir poseto plot fails them-only half fed

ields an ordinary drop,

THE FRIEND OF CHINA, AND HONGKONG GAZETTE.

landlord without paying his profit re An English barister, named llone, got an estate left to him there

He was threatened by and went to reside on it.

if he did not ask himself off, it being concluded that though agus landlord, he might be levere One 30 some."

the former case, the owner only exercises an ungues- timeble social and legal right inherent in our ship; und bien does it generously and mercifully, and in the later, the idnast himself is the person who chelated me contrderya the Andlord is looked upon asu

Island (ha hadledd of his sums - Mr Minile, steward having pointed out, by his cruel oppressor, and the tomat as an innocent vic master's desire, two of the fabours who were invariably shot at and the incoming tocant threa ticularly lazy, and who, in casequence werella

what is still mota remarkable, wam England, when missed, was way laid, beaten, and had his scull frac.toned, cruelly beaten, and probably murdered and tured, and shortly afterwards received formal no ice that unless the two men who had been distniss we rend the accounts of these atrocities, too gen-

f

No sooner had be god coptracts, and was beginning toene cred, than his men combined against him, and began to it tate farms to him, and thực, phies, as which he simrini am duct bis rusineas, Determined not to subunit to this be

Almost ineil pincured Eaglish and Scotch print re.

taly, his printing establishmeự, wats set fire to mort dand down and the artind jury thuud that it had been dor n liciosity. in undertaking wabinzonséquence tuimad

We will now tucu tauntlet part etd

ble consequences of this fatal system in those two fearful social pheno- mena, which have recently excited so much" nrten- such revere reprobation in England- ass outrages and ericabar, or wholesale eject First, to agrarian outrages These are as

of passion and folly.

The great coul-hold of Tipperary induced eng sants. Insquently murders, committed often in open

try, and shall see the same misetable puetur a

talists to invest capital in the working of m day, systematically, ma by order, on individuals who have laken land from which the previous ed were again, employed, he batt better order his erally echo the popular foeling in Ireland, by blamy and the Mining Company of Ireland invende trannt has been dismissed, or wh

or who has caused the

siderable caputi at a place called Suevardah, The our oven country, as leases fall out mall farms are undertaking promised well, was paying the care displacement of another men, and thes, as it is called cofin! Such is society and login Tippee the victims and pitying the murderers! Yet, t

The ovidende taken before Lord Dagon's Land constantly thrown together to form larger bes and lists & per cent, and giving employment to d ***un kegi dhe bread out of his month." They are mian frequently directed aguiast an ejecting, landlord, Commission last year abounds in details of similar one-dreams of finding fault with the proprietor 300 men last winter as wages of de to de ativ

Here, then, you would expect at once all the be the or his steward, who execules his orders, and endea outrages. Sometimes it is a steward who is mor- | but, on the contrary, be in generally looked upon

as an active and improving laudlard, who knows fits to low from the introduction of rapid d was to enfores the payment of his rents. In these dered, because, "though he did much good, he was

And in our country, when a cases the murderer is always shielded and conceal too hard in ninising the people stick close their what he is about. ed, I not wanted, by the adjacent pessants and work," (App: iii. 265), Sometimes it is the agent tenant ceases to pay his rent, he leaves his later as plement which usually accompany the

sject a matter of course, and the landlord who did notingbourer, formerly getting a precsam former. We will quote a few instances to show of an ejecting landlord, Lord Hawarden had:

10 a day, was now regularly getting from 2.1. The life of eject him wonki be looked upon as a prodigy of a day, in het as much as in oben earned ma that the sympa laetse fealing which sanctions anded several tenants for various reasons. side these outrages, makes no distinction between his agent, Mr Stuart, has been repeatedly attempt, woakness and lolly; and if the superseded tenant

weck belure the undertaking of ibus company. Ba in either case were to avonge lus fancied wrong just and unjust, between harsh and humane and ed in consequence; and, according to the evidenco

no the spirit of outrage was rite, and that work nevitable ejectments--between ejectments for the of Mr Doheny (ibid, 298) he has, as a means of upon his landlord or his successor, he would ba pimekure nf the landlord, and ejectments for abati-protection, been in the habit of taking two boys, hanged without benefit of elergy, and his net would people shut the overloker, because, in the faced schorga of his duty, he insisted on the colives opo Before and ono behind him, on his horse, when be considered na an unprovoked and execrablo-mar-

working according to a plan which gave the be was riding through the country, so that he could der. Nay, further, in England the bare ides of in-

test return to his employers, but which prevented not be killed without one of thoan boys being shot." terfering with a man's right to let his land how he

the captains of the working gangs reaping alm- We will conclude with quoting Lord Devon's will, and to whom he will, and in whatever sized

ordinate prḥfit between the labourers and he ma words (Report, p. 42):-

farms he will, never enters into our thoughts; yet players. A fresh overlier was uppouted and In Tipperary, for a long time past, and in some many of our newspapers, and many of our Senators the same policy was pursued; when threaten other countries more recently, there has prevailed also, are actually calling out for a law-o be op

notices the invariable forerunners of outrage. system of lawless violence, which has led, in mumerous plied to Ireland, only for restraining a loudford

were served on the new overlooker and on uil who instances, to the perpetration of cold-blooded murders, from superseding a tenant whose lease has expired,

carried out his directions, and in December last the These are generally acts of revenge for sume supposed

or who has ceased to pay that convorädled rent

tion to cease working the mines, as they states in land-a law, in other words, for doing that legally

a posting bill, because they wcramedling és er- which is already done in fact, by the Irish peasan-

pose the lives of their faithful officers" try, by outrage and intimidation

VAČA I CILJ Jant of rent-which show, in fact, a dalarına matimo, art the part of the peasantry to re- gard the land they have once held as belonging to them, thus they pay rent or not, and to retain furile possession of it accordingly.

The following.atement recently made in the House of Commons by M. Poulett Berope shows bicablythe, peasantry we have to deal with. It rests on the authority of one of the commissioners afpoor laer inquiry of 1886 —

** Two of the copamissioners had a conversation, near Cubel, with a nigh: who had begg turned out of his fart for getting bato arrear, owing to an exorbitant TeaWe said, "The famm was still unlet." He said, *Of course, no one dare take it until they get iny good will of it. The commissioners then asked him, Whal freling be would eptertain aguinat any man who should take it?' His reply was, To be sure I should have a bad feeling to hire. And why should 3 not? The devil a much of bread he would eat after it, any way, as ! world die to have his life, or that of any one like him, that would step in to take the bread out of my wife's and children'a inouths. They then asked him. With what feelings would the peasantry look on the family of a man who was hanged for murder under such cir ehmstances?! His reply was. Why, his wife and fa. aily would be regarded; and why not? I would take the bit out of my own mouth, and my wife's and chil- dren's, before I would see his poor things want, be- engre didn't be die in the cause, and lose his life for the good of the people? And I tell you what's mere. gentlemen, that though the people may fault and abuse the White-feet, and boys that go round at sight with the black faces, that only for them the whole country bwould be in a rising the poor would have no proter. to at all. The landlords would bunt them out like ats from a comms:zek, without any mercy, only they know the ground would be left on their hands. as any men that would take it knows his fate. And sure, if In doing that any boy should sufer (1. a. be honged). why should we no: succour the poor things left behind hip? Sure, was it not to protect the like of us from being turned adrift on the wide world that that came to pass ?*

胤

We give the following case in Mr Foster's own words:-

"This gen deman, (Mc Caden, of Beraane, in Tip- perary,) in the Exiliug in of an old lease, found his land In such a wretched condition, and the tenants upon it so miserable, that he determined to buy them out, and rake the land to his own hands. They agreed to take 1301. and to leave the land. Though this gentleman wu giving much employment in residing, and in build- ing a family mansion, this step created a strong feeling against him. His steward payed the out-going tenants the money they had agreed to take, and a fortnight afterwards, in Jane last year, though an old man much respected, he wad two shots fired at him, and was wounded in the arm. In the following October ano- ther lease of mountain land fell in, covered with cottier repants in the most wretched condition, Mr Carden wu anxious wobtain this land, because it was in the centre of pntations. He offered to buy their interest, to provide the tenants with houses, and to give them canltant -emplaguent; on another part of his state. He employed us woodranger to negotiate with them, and this poor fellow was most treacherously and in- humanly lurred. A notice was then suck up on a part of the estate that if any persons reaped this gen- deman's crops, or dng his potatoes, liey would be murdered. He offered of a day to get his potatoes dug, but such was the feeling of terror inspired amongst the rest of his kenantry, that no one would attempt it. Being a young man of bigh spirit and determination, he wear to Shimone, to a Protestant coloury, 10 procure labourers, and a dumber volunteered to reap his crops. These mea wariowly escaped being murdered by the people, and tad to be protected by the police. During the whole of last winter there was a perfect system of terror established. This gentleman, on riding up the arenus of his domain and afght, was fired at by four different people, who fortunately missed him. On ano ther gecasion, shortly afterwards, on driving through his entrance gate, two shots were fired at him, and horse was shots tenant former living within ten yards of the spot. In the three months at the end of last year no less than eight murders, were committed in the police district of Borisoleigh adjoining, generally shooting from behind hedges, because of dispossessions of land by the tenants against one another. S The following also are from Mr Foster

"He gives an account of a tenant of fen acres of Und, named Sheedy, from which some years ago, former resant had been ejected, being threatened with death for holding the land and in consequence, be ploughs and digs his belda.

of IWOʻRIBIEĽ policem

men gave 204 for the good will

farmer about to En

brother of the

the

injury inflicted on the party who commits, or insti- which is his only claim to the occupation of the company were cuspoiled to autoimice their tea

|

Now, in England, even did als cottier system prevail as in Ireland, ejectment would not involve starvation. The cultivation of the coil is not the only mode of obtaining sa subsistance in England; the ejected cottier would, with us, have still two resources; we have the poor rules for those t canno.`work (or who cannot find worle,) and manu factures for those who can. In Ireland, to speak broadly, they have neither

gaira the commission of the outrage. But the notions entertained of injury in such cases are regulated by a standard fixed by the will of the most lawless and in principled members of the community. If a tenant is removed, even after repented warning, from land which Now what ly the cause of this extraordinary dif he has neglected or misused, he is looked on as an inference in the feeling with winch we regard téženti: jured man, and the decree too often goes out for yenically the same proceedings in Englend and Ireland geance on the landlord or the agent, and upon the man

Why do we feel disposed to blaine the ejecting and who succeeds to the farm, and, at times, a large nu ond and to sympathise with and excuse the mur sericii proportion of the neighbourhood look with in- Hfference on the most atrocious acts of violence, and dering tenant in Ireland and not in England? $im bs screening the criminal, abet ahil encourage the ply because the cultivation of land being the pea crime. Murders are perpetrated at noon-day, on a santry's only means of livelihood in Ireland, eject public highway, and whilst the assassin coodly retires, ment from his holding is, or is supposed to be, stur the people look on, and eviace il horror at the bipedystion; and we cannot but feel and confess that a deed."

man has great excuse for resorting to any Cutrage Again, as to evictions, or wholesale ejectments, in order to protect himself and his family from cer This has been brought about by tip causea Invair death." ~"Phat this, also, is the made of reason- many cases, as we have already stated, land was ing among the Irish peasantry, the extract we have formerly let on such long lenses as to plaeo it entires already given from Mr Poulett Scrope's opecob suff ly out of the control of the proprietor Air a genera- ficiently showa tion or more. When by the fulling out of those ienses, the proprietor-perhaps the son or grandson of the original lessor-regains possession of his estate, he finds it swarming with a wretched popu- ladon living in pigstyes; the land exhausted and iil-used; all farm-buildings either ruinous or ex- tict, and the whole property an opprobrium aswell as an almost worthives possession. If he has tha natural and laudable feeling of anxiety to make his newly recovered properly both profitable and creditable to him, he soon discovers that the only plan to effect thie is to ive notice to the present bccupiers, throw the ente into a few farms of moderate extent, and retain only as many of the actual residents as can be employed in the proper cultivation of the soil. If he is a hard man, he contents himself with giving the cottiers legal no- thee to quit, and ejecting them with the assistance of the sheriff, if they refuse. If he is a humane ran, anxious to effect a process which he feels to be essential, with as little suffering as possible 10 the victims of former neglect and folly, he par- chnees their imaginary tenant right from them, as pists, or offers to assist, them to emigrate at his ex- -nse, and in short softens the blow to them by erery means in his power Very many of the landlords have given money to the tenauté es tom pensation on quitting their holdings-have-in fact bought their own land back again from their tenants. The Land Commission remark upon this (p. 21. Report)

HO USE

On the borders of Lough Allen, and some susen- teen miles from Sligo; is a mountainous district called Arignu, which abounds with iron ore nood is also found there, and some copper ore its been discovered. There is water carriage from Longh Alfer to the Shannon, and thence to the dues Chist by the Royal Canal, or to the West Coast down the Shannon; and ten miles of land carriage, or a cual of that length, will join Lough Allen to Loogh Gill, and from which there is water carriage to the port of Sligo. The position of this mining district is unexeptionable. There is vast water power ca the spot, capable of working any machinery requir joining it, and what is vastly more valuable, if there sed for iron works, abundance of iron ore, coals all.

were either enterprise of skill, or knowledge how

be converted into charcool, and to make that iron do use it, the vast hog of Allen close by, wanting to of treble value. These iran mines were of such evident promise that they were worked some tea Yeaia ago by a public company. Mr Foster, how- over, in his book, pago 360, in a letter from Sirge, has briefly described the history of the speculation of this company, and we will transcribe it here:-- "Some ten years ago, the iron wines at Arigna, on the borders of Lough Allen were extensively intendence of an English manager. Great num- worked by an English company, under the super-

bora of people found employment at diam. Every mantho chose to labour could find work, and those who had horses and carts, found plenty of employ- me to them. This manager was reputed to be a night was surrounded by a gang of ruffians, whose kind-hearted, good man. His house, however, one object, it is said, was to plunder it of the moonry in tended to pay the Tabourers, and he was shot dend on pinting his head out of the window, Sinco there te no cnjployment to he got Does it not really try all patience, to read of Irish misery and want, with undoubted facts like these prevailing throughout the Bountry?,

Then the iron works have been ¤t u stand still, and

The writer of ch admirable article in the Topic. on the subject of Ireland, thus sums up the effect of Irish character in deterring and ruining manufac-

Why have they no manufactures in Ireland ? * We have already in former numbers, fully and strongly stated the injustice done, in

in times long gone by, to the Irish manufactures by the men je louvy of Englishmen. But it is useless and would be wrong, either to bink the truth, or to mice our statement of it for the absence of manufactures as for most of her other evils, Ireland has to shant herself and her sons, and no man kaoss this better or bas stated it more plainly, hon Mr O'Conuell There is no country physically better adapted for manufactures than, Ireland, none where all the material elements of manufacturing success are to be and in such rich abundance. There is iron-- there is copper there is cool-there is its cheaper substitute, tur-there is quple water power and water carriage-an overflowing population-wages high at 10d a dry and a soil capable of producing as good flax as any in the world. If Irishmen were Englishing, Ireland would long store have been, and might at once, become, the cheapest manufac. turing country in the world 86t the main elegent it wantingan fodustrie, reasonable, and eder ge population "The reckless chicracter and foulish violent conduct of the Irish have not only prevented the establishment of those manufactures which would speedily the rescued them from any enterprise in Ireland sooner or later finds out of this fact every speculator and every director misery, but have driven a why these they once pos sessed, Formerly the sawing and shipbuilding

16 his cost. He finds, notwithstanding the tempting "Iconsider that the systein of leasing generally in use trades flourished in Dublin, and gave employment soon as ever thero is a demand for labor or food, appearance of low wages and cheap living, that as about fifty or one hundred years ago, the letting long to lapo numbers at the habit of the workmen wushe has to pay the very highest price for the very head landlord, and removed the occupiers of the wil out of discovered that their mastera Had undertaken as forent to pay it by combinations; and his concern leases that placed the property out of the controul of the to strike for an advance of wares as soon as they mallest return-and this not of his own option. Ite his influence to be one of the great causes why the pre-contract, and to enforce their strike by the most sent discontent existi, That system enabled the peasantry of Ireland to subsist without any legal provision & Eng laad. They were enabled to take from the undle man id at a very high rent, but at the game tone at a tent by which they could live, and which found them employment and labour to a certain extent. That system has been by century. More than half Ireland was underlet, and in the aslow but certain process, andenining for the last bar ecengation of mulle mens since that period perhaps

It is difficult to say what compensation, apart from land, will be adequate in a country where and alone af fords a permanent security for food," Their money la soon spent in the temporary maintenance of a family

The following evidence was given by James Napper, Esq., before a committee of the Houserof Commons:-

third of it has again fallen Into the hands of the head fandlords, and they have parsed different system, ling the land directly to resident tenants, the secu

is, that the lower orders and all hal lanik, s it were, from under the fent; thus with a great increme of prela tion, there is a great decrease of land, Wai bun the jait 30 years a vast number of farms have been cleated also Land Commissioners' Evidence i o. 11 MF1 evidence.

ction

Jack

The

OLẾT CAUSE which leads to

caat ult

of the

the

deliberate and barbarous outtage and murder.They continued this system till both trades were drieta picture of combined folly and villany dan nowhere. from the county, and a mere dicrously tragical

liamentary committee regarding these fish som be found than in the evidence taken before a par- binations, and their mischievous success: Mr O' Connell, to Bis Credit, then pointed out to his conn.

Excessive indonee and excessive for lures of or have naturally accounted for it never ending money together, with a gregarious timidity, and compliations to enforce the very bighest price for the minimum amount of labour and of service. The truth

consequently of,en ruined. The Inbouter, who never in his life earned a shilling a day or inderd knew how, or was able to do it, will, on the flist opportunity, show his natural gregariousness and his greediness, and his native indolence at the same time; e will combine to compel the payment of 58 of doing more than x shiil- a day and never dream Ing's worth of work. We know that this is not ibe certain consequ begs of these fullestering; neither does it dip deeply into the loved dud all he could to restra themes His conduct nevertheless up existing fact which operates mystification of past centuries of oppression," but

recent accrepns hus, we retet

a

prepntable by Berprises and deters the investiffetit of capital

most injuriously to the country, chins many fair en

15

are from Mr Porter that predsel the future articles we will show how much of the rolled property of Taland is to be attributed is inferior cul-

tivation of the soil and other causes, and we will on- cavolit to point out what would be the true means Applying a permanent remedy to the evils of that upfortunate and distracted country,- Economist, Sept.

an extend Is this poprincipled folly carried, moment, when a largo portion of the be, and, we believe, actually are, b patriots are calling upon the Eug- large sums for their relief, and on the to afford them employment by expond. in public works, it is with the greatest

pis can be found in Ireland for the

way works already commenced

when a contractor harl Estarved wretoties af

there being. 7),

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