728840-1846-04-Jul-1846 — Page 4

ain.

I must settle least possible delay, porlant Gragon. filled their task.

erection of Edragoons to construction of roads and

ment of a rail—and various hfall and rapid tide of

encourage our to Oregon, and with the file in our hand, in the other, the sove

Indeest valid title is in no pre-emption or atter with title to his

THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZET TE.

realm, and capecialty Lo

ket. They are also at variance with the doctrine laid down by Mfr. GOULBURN, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in the late debates in the House of Commons, that Canada has no right to complain as long as she is placed on the same fooling as the inhabitants of the mother country Accepting this doctrine as sound, this association shall deem it its duty to demand the removal of all imperial acts levying discriminating duties on articles af foreign manufacture; thus leaving us free to obtain our supplies wherever they can be procured cheap

AL

thods of government applicable to a medic are inapplicable to such an immense spete ready a large section of the Anglican rare erected themselves into an independsor and, t latentable extent, a hostile empire. If Engand is desirous of preserving the preponderance aut the communities of Englishmen cottoned orer the globe, which it is, for so many reasons de she should retalo, it can only be effected by pans her Government at the head of a greater and bette organised Union than the United States, Cor Gazette, April 18.

THE CONDITION OF ENGLAND ( From the As goburg Gazelie) The entire condition of Great Britaip har seldom beer more interesting, more extraordinary, or law easy to be rug. The cond ben ik ben prehended than at the present ame tainly not a musacing pee, dor, as far as the importa the necessaries of life is concerned, England & upperenny thing else the welfare of the people le far more resi thas imaginary,

dress and signatores, and see that they are safely delivered to the Manchester Committee --- IN T FRIENDS OF PEACE Kite houd the Burran in Manchetter, Bor ton, Huddersfield, Plymouth, and other places, jeho have vius Krasaily Address to the The undersigned merchants and other inhabit arts of the city of New York, earnestly desiring the preservation of peace between the two countries, ere the more encouraged to expect it, when they find the hearts of so many in the father land beat-eat" ing in unison with their own. No triumphs of brute force over moral right, ever did or can com- mand our admiration as to these peaceful overtures, coming from a nation so powerful as England, and so well prepared for confet of arms; and more we are sure were ever so approved by the Prince of Their own indigenous Oregon Peace. The effect of these Friendly Addresses" eficienty and conclusively regu upon the public mind in this country will be omi-colonies. Firm as they are in the conviction of better off than every stato on the continent; end in every

nently farqarable and will do much to promote that hearty good will which ought ever to prevail be- tween nations bound together by so many sacred ties. Go on then, respected friends, in your labour of love and mercy. Tell your people that our noi siest men are not the best exponents of the national sentiment towards Great Britain, or in regard to war. Tell them that in the nation at large, there is a vast aggregate of moral worth, which, when called into action, as it is beginning to be, by the threatened calamities of a causeless and anneċessa- ry war, will assuredly repress ambition, or zure it into a more peaceful channel. Tell them that this effect is already visible to a most gratifying extent, not only in our maritime cities, but throughout the Land ; and that it has been aided by the relaxation of the restrictive features of your commercial po.

matter

ew it is to be hopel that Congress will derias some means to encourage the ons of the United Slates to emigrate to Ore | gon to fill up that tran o the continent with brave and determined spirits.

(From the Weekly Courier and New York Enquirer,

April 4th)

In the special Message of the President, in reply to the re- solution of Senator Dayton, and expressing the opinion that further appropriations for the Army and Navy are needed, has been universally received as a document of bat little im- portance. It com not to have increased, in aby degree or

that we ma

A war of concession, compromise, mutual for bearance, and good fellowship, resulting, as it ne cessarily must, in increasing trade, intellectual ad vancement, and progress in everything truly great and good, is the only war which we wish to see waged between the two nations

any quarter. The apprehensions of war. It was en opi. pion he was forced to express by the very position into which he had been drives. His sas constantly proclaimed the whole of Oregon. He has rejected the offer of arbitration twice made by the British Minister.licy. And he has continually sougist is very frankly confessed by his official paper, to impress upon Great Britain the belief that we were ready to assert er claim, by me if necessary. - rather than surrender any portion af the territory in dispute. *This game bus gone on assably well. Vague, general inumatione have from time to time been thrown out, that the country should be put in a condition of defence, but the Fre. sident has very carefully synded the responsibility of calling

As to Oregon.al hough from comparative pro- for any such proceeding. The resolfiion of Mr Daylon put it out of his power thus se dodge the point any longer. He simity, we naturally desire our proper share of

was asked explicitly whethes, in his opinion,"additional ap-

that extensive territory, yet we will gladly concur propriations were needed. He had either to say yes or (and we believe such is the general voice of the no. A negative response would have been a very unequi-nation) in any fair measures of compromise or re vocal confession that all is praiminary declarations of au ference, which the two governments may set to Intention to fasist upon our claim to all of Oregon, were simple bluster,that he never intended to follow them up by adopt, for the peaceable adjustment of the question. ac, and that they were only meant for popular and politi-It is clearly one which ought not, under any cir cal effect. Such an avowal, at his stage of the controvers}', was of course out of the question; and he was therefore en- forced to answer the Senate's inquiry in the affirmative.

In this Message Mr Poik says :--

*The consideration of such additional provision was brought before appropriate committees of the two Houses of Congresa, in thawer to cais made by them, in reports prepared, with my sanction, by the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy, on the 29th of December and the 8th of January last; a mode of communication with Con- gress not unvanel, and, under existing circumstances, believ ed to be most eligible. Subsequent events have confirmed me in the opinion that the recommendations were proper and precautionary measures"

The latter of the Secretary of the Navy herein alluded to, was published several weeks since, and recommended the construction of to war steamers. No intimation however, was ever given that this recommendation had the sanction of the President, until now. It was sent in to the Committee as simply a proposition of the Secretary of the Navy, which snight either be avowed or disavowed by the President, a subsequent events should incline him to act! Now be avots it, and says that it was sent in "with his sanction." But he makes no reference to the estimates which, it appears, accompanied the lotter. These estimates came from the Heads of the Naval Bureaus, and proposed an increase of the war steamers to 40, of the frigates to 30; the sloops of war to 30-and the marine force to 30,800 men, si ma expense of twenty million' of dollars! These estimates were smug- gled in without the apparent approval either of the Secretary or the President; and thus was the attempt made to insolve the country in the expense of preparation for war, and at the Bame Kime evade the just responsibility to which the country Woulemon surely have held those by whom it should have been affected.

cumstances, to breed a war between the two coun tries; and we hold that, without the most deplorable obstinacy and the blackest guilt, on the part of one or both of the claimants, such an issue is im- possible. As a matter of proft and loss, it would be infinitely better that the whole of the Oregon" should be sunk to the bottom of the ocean, theo that two such nations as Great Britain and the

United States should go to war about it, to the disgrace of civilization, Christianity, and rational freedom.

With a firm belief in the pacific disposition of both govenments, and that they will yet be enabled to settle the controversy in a manner at once just and honourable to all concerned, we look forward with hope to the future, and in the thean time beg leave to subscribe ourselves your friends and well

wielers

COLONIAL FREE-TRADERS: THE COLONIAL NEXAS.

These are the sentiments entertained by a nu- morons, wealthy, loyal, and intelligent portion of the inhabitants of the two solonial groups in which the protective-restrictive system has been a reality. Ministers, therefore, can scarcely be accused, in acting up to the letter of their economical priaci ples, of disregarding the publie opinion of the the soundness and benevolence of these principles it is their duty to act up to them unflinchingly The increased material wellbeing of the colonies which cannot fail to result from the adoption of the new cystom; and the approbation and advocacy of the colonial free traders, will, ere long, render their innovations in our mercantile policy their strongest and most generally acknowledged claim to the love, respect, and active support of the colonists

We have said that the West Indian (including Mauritius) and the British North American colo nice ate the only ones in which the old protective. restrictive system is a reality. In the Australian colonies its restrictions, not its projections, are operative. Their great staple, wool, is not pro- tected in this market, and their grain is excluded. The same holds good of the Cape: which, more over, under a free-trade system would be sure to becnfue a great trading depôt intermediate between Asia and America.

The restrictive tarifs of foreign countries, and the morres-

tain branches of trade, have, nevertheless, produced are

trade in, however, in Bugtend, se averywhere eles, the real support of the national prosperity. Amongst all clames of the population an uncommon increase of labour, and, sa Inter of course, an increase of profit, had been wrturmed.

ing abstractions which have been thrown in the way of ce:- markable effect upon the British trade abroad. The moral

this year.

The use of every description of articles of fusery has in creased with the accession of the means to procare cumlora and enjoyments from day to day; and, if one may so speak, the whole capital of society has been turned with celerity. The great alterations in mechanica, the applica son of chemistry to agriculture, and the snimited potpore oj steam, peems to have opened to the people of this country, & Vader farine new, and assuredly, no unreal field of view, from which the philosopher may turn away as froen etoply symbols of material civilisation, the great ideas of as in finite extension of manly power and manly indwetry have been developed,-with the exception of the superficial esem of this linde island, every element of society is here in a state of rapid and endless growth,

The population almost doubles itself in the course of a man's lifetime. The natural resources of the soil are c tinually increased by the application of science. What con always be achieved by power can now by executed wh certainty by means of the wonderfal natural siement wach

man renders subordinate to his service. In all directions, the walls of the world--the h rizan of society-appear on the point of vanishing, and nobody eso venture to fix a junt to the exertions of the now of mankind in reference to his earthly wristense npon this planet

Some of our friends have taken it into their hearis that, under a system of free-trade, the colo bial news must necessarily be dissolved. If the colonies are to be governed in future us they have been, this is not unlikely to be the case-nor is it in our eyes one of the least recommendations of the Ministerial measure that it brings matters to this crisis. There can be no doubt that a great deal of what has for many years been conventionally The sense of this mighty trail has not failed to make a called and allowed to pass current for loyalty has deep impression upon the political mind and the circum- bean neither more nor less than a cordid spirit of Benoss of the people of England The ralister who rata the destinies of this nation feels that he only instrusted jobbing The support of one section of colonists with a cermin recognised plass and a lapized power; but the to our miserable and unjust system of colonial rule power of the country is elsatio to deerco which pusterity was bought by patronage of "family compacts alone will folly perceive. It is loss probable that Eng. the support of another by the inaintenance of exclu- Jags will be soon das dub har present ege, than it was sive trading privileges. The family compacts have probable, two centuries ago that she would attain a great. new thzi more resembles the darkly revaxed and ancient bean, most of them, knocked on the head. The vested greatness of Babylon than that of bistorical Rome. And interests in nonopoly are on the era of undergoing horálo nes the great issson for modern governmenta the same fate. Henceforth the stability of Govert. task consists at neroly in insuring the stability of the exist- ment must be maintained, not by paying court tong order of things, and maintening their present postina,

bul 14 racing out a fare one, which has no limits. and bribing individual eliques and overies, but by ever people may say, it is demonstrated truth, that the conciliating, through the means of well-intended Enghsh trochie, their beads but lide about nequisitions of and efficient measures, the confidence of the maas dominion-such acquisitions are rather inade in spite of their of the community. No Government will take the policy than in consequence of it. But what acquisiuon can trouble to stregthen itself by the laborious method million of men who labour on her soil 1 And yet England be equivalent to the increase of strength presented by half a of good and wise administration so long as a can receives this decrease every year from the hands of pri make a shift by the easier method of corrupting dence! The fairest colony is & neglected desert is compan knots of influential individuals. The abolition of monopoly, as well as the discountenance of family compacts, is one indispensable requisite to the good government of the colonies.

But what interest have the colonies in remato

Taeir

What-

with the progress of society in these islands. The future gland, the future of every country, lies in the heart of her pina pearls. The branches of the tree may be extended, batste foul growth is in the trunk. The considerations of thass frets and questions, which flash upon the minds of the most 50onefcerate, has had a powerful effect as regards inere party disputes. Personal abuse and debates upon questions

tered brightness. Two centuries ego the fundamental pris- cipies of freedom were ensociated in England, until et lengin they acquired the avere gnty and became the faith of the earth is not amprobable that the fundamental principles English people, and of all free nations upon the face of the of stainership and the laws affecting labant and.com- res, will be elaborated with equal security, and form a The sort of way in which this will happen is certainly un. foundation for the further happiness and welfare ef mankind,

ing subject to the Imperial Government if they of time and eficacy may will occupy the time of Parliement are to enjoy no preference over aliens in the trade but elevated above these, the firmly established and recognis with the old country " We will tell our inte: co-ed truths of political science are beginning to gleam in una!. gators-Look to the United States. The Govern- ment of Washington is too weak to be a useful do mestic Govenment. It cannot abolish slavery it gaonof check "sympathisers"; it can neither do justice to two millions of its own innocent subjects, our repress a set of scoundrel desperadoes whose aggressions on neighbour states may, stany inent, involve the Union in war. Yet is it better. for the states composing the Union that they up of truth. Mankind are only pigmies in the hand- should he conjointly subject to this shadow of any of this great machine of the world, and the English mi- | Government, than that each should be entirely my are not a sped greater than their fellow.men. But

independent. A commen authority is recognised ch depends upon the result of their deliberations. among themselves la diminished. by all, and thus, in extreme cases, the risk of war

BRUNELLAD I Birta Plads,—The village of Hacque. The main diff-wibe, so Normandy, is iosignificant in itself, but deserving of must be fresh in the memory of our readers. Nculty in the way of substituting arbitration for war, menuon as the birth-place of Mark Isamberi Brunel, the en.

To those whose equanimity has been shaken by the clamorous outery of Canadian protectionists, we recommend a careful and dispassionate perusal of the address to the inhabitants of Canada from the Free-trade Association of Monteal, which we this day republish. This able and temperate do- cament, taken in connexion with the Report of the The President says that a report was also prepared with

West Indian Committee, shows that there is an his sanction" by the Secretary of War, recommending addi-

active and enlightened section of public bpinion to tional provizion in that branch of the service. This report

the only two groups of British colonies which is published and bears date December 29. The Secretary the protective or restrictive system has bean really anya that oder any circumstances be in convinced that our sea-coast and northern fronter should have a larger for operative prepared to support the measures of statipped on them than they now have. The number of

Sir R. PEEL, and to demand that, in the interest Troops in Texas connor be lessened, and that on the indian of the colonies, the removal of restrictions be apt frontier should, he thinks, be increased. Authority should, one-sideed. In his judgement, be given to the Presiden! to accept the services of volunteers for a year, the number raised in that way to be determined by circumstances. The fortifications on the bea-board should be strengthened and at least 50,000 men would be required to put the country in a state of devertheless, to bring them into juxtaposition wi fence, in case of a war with Great Britain, The Secretary adds:

miltee of the West Indie Planters and Merchan The memorable language of the Standing Co

in the settlement of international disputes, is the the kindred expressions of the Montred free-trader want of an arbiter or judge possessing authority *On the northern frontier, where there are now stationed that, with unlimited freedom of intercourse for th we repeat them here: The committee believ

over both parties. The Government at Washing only about four hundred and eighty men, provision should

tou is such a judge in the case of controversies be made for planing, on the shortest notice, a force oqual to purpose of procuring free labour wherever it me between individual states of the Union: the Union that in Canada, which could be brought to assail that frontier be found,-with reasonable time to reap the fruit If hostilities from that quarter should be reasonably appre. of this accession,-with the abrogation of the in

is an international system, with a permanent jodi bended-There are at this time about seven thousand re- gular British troops in that province. I should prefer, in

perial duties which restrict their supplies fro Great Britain and her colonies must be made cial referee at Washington. The union between

Case it was necessary to eat in the aid of the militia for the

other countries, with the admission of rum at the something analogous to this. Were the Canadas, defence of the country to obtain the troops required by the same rates of duty which may be chargeable upon West Indies, Australia, the Cape, New Zealand, cance of volunteers, rather than by the present mode of spirits distilled in the United Kingdom from foreign &c, all to become independent states without any making a requisition on the executives of the Senates, end Leaving it to them to raise the number required by draughts, and with the free use of their products common head, the chances of war smong so LCC., though it is probable that in most instances the number sy manner in which the people of this county proud and energetic communities would be immen required by the letter mode would be volunteere. Volunteers may think desirable, the West India colonia sely multiplied. Any errangement which, leaving would be likely to do more effective service when first cinlod would spring into new life, and rank again among put, than draughted militia-mene the most valuable possessions of the Brith government, perpetuates the jurisdiction of the 10 these communities a large scope of internal self. The Secretary roles to his annual report upon the subject, Crows.', Io another passage of the same report. and also to estimates that have been made by the Engineer

Crown of England over them, diminishes the risk. ond Ordnance bureaus

it is said:"The sum of their the coloniste, prThe time has past when the ronnetion of colonies mendations, as well na those of the Secretary seat claims is merely to be allowed the full bene- with the rather pantry can be to the extegy is dry, are certainly no larger than are demanded if fis of freedom."

danger of a war and if the appropriations

The conclusion of the address has been-one of such entire dependence on the for by those who ins vnderstand the precise yo

of the Montreal Free-trade Association to the part of the former: benceforth it must be more ans the country in regard to matern of controversy with countrymen is merely another expression of the of equality in a relation of subjection to one crawn, aations, they should be proreply and cheerfull voted sathe views and sentiments, uttered pomear the same There are elements to the Brit

worth while, howater, for the Whigs to be in time, and at such a distance 10 space, as to which somit of its beror extended to such a state matter, or to ples additional power in the hands preclude any suspicion of preconcert In co of relations. It is in ou dent until he asks for it and is willing to sasume

“At 18 in our power, to make Fondun nexion with the foregoing we shall now briefly the central seat of govern

#RE advert to the Regulation Acts imposed by the superior in

in its adminis mother country, for the purpose of securing has its extent le great mour to the working of her coremercial policy *** means of stercor These acty were carried when England's policr Both parties- Was protective, and we brd no complain.

the

PEACE

NITED STATES

the

Interes

-would find their

The de

Certain but 31s clamats triumph is as certain as the ultimate

birib.

ginger of the Thames Tosnel, whom England is proud t or son by adoption, although France claim him by the yacanoes called aim home, bis favourite resort was the He was aducated in the college of Cisors, and when shop of the village oxrpenter, whose tools and instruments had greater attractions for the youthful engineer than Latin and Greek and it allowed holiday tosk ('devoirs") The woter

up of Rome, the component parse of a huge samengine, of the sent heard it describe the wonder and d light with hich he for the first time beheld (1784),en the

just landed from Englend When I am a man (be said to burself) I will put to the country where such machinery it

debe

ExbRMODE KIRgs - The popseal pressure of parliament. by business who is likely to cume on in the nex: session des rated the vase of office accommodatio sa be beighbourhood of the bouses of parliament to an apparently ridealous beigtu Every company intending to go 12 parlament has, for the

Close a cantiguity as possible to the committee Tours, EDD we and taxes of mine ke under bring let, or rather only have heard of house in Abingdon street, the ordinary rent the supportion of for three years, as an annual rent of

2800, the Ent years rent being prid damn. For snotber Mübank stresi, & year is deravaded, Ahues in Par.

street, recently let for £400 a year, end £900 pr minm, bat ance been under lot for $500 a year, and a per mium of lept paid down.

roof convenience, endeavoured to procure offices in as

COLOMAL GOTERE -The lust cause of this disobe. disut apiril in the polonies in sedly less powerful that the rest. REJI-18 Dot merely moral, but laid diep in te natural consti. Langs The eceer as between you and them. No Contrivance Cea prevezt the effect of distenos ir maketing government, Beze roll, and months pass, between the order Budur execution; and the wind of a speedy expirapon of stupnogah de pacta yule bystem. Nolling pena lorou then Cops 10 ali petions who have ex- zud it heppena in all the force into which

our on the can la be boires the circulatao có maul be les tigər fe at the extremities. Nature Des f belief clapet zovem Egyp! 20g Arabis, and 1a bi governa Thrane, tot has he the same do. sex and Alpenakit be be r: "Brass and uam obeski is „pbliged to truck and backster. robedience er he can. He paverse with a 6 may Foyer alah, and the whole forms and borný, zi kuk-nguye, de den rig fétima pru. Dail br beiden. This is the kamptable eternal law, of extBorive and detached empire.

#schisshed by Joux. CARF, 'mend of China and Hongkong Primary Office, GOUGH STREET, FICTORIA, HONGKONG, 1846,