728826-1846-16-May-1846 — Page 4

1841

ven

roduce

in 1818,

ce in the same period to five fold in official £3.600,000 Tacle from the detailed ac single years 1813 and 1844, E AND MANUFACTURES EX PORTED TO FRANCE

Declared value. 1818. 1811 olina, and fustians £8,976 264,146- Lent not

32954580

Copper

Liben manusctures

Steam engines (1820)

Machinery and mill work

Sik mamifaetores

Sheep and furbs wool Woollen manufactures Lardware and cutery anals and culin Cotton Hosiery Woollen do

4,987 89.218 612 10,247

16,178

THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZET TE,

DIE OM Taust assume the coronel, and

ple of the houses of Fox, Walpole, Pulteney, all furgre collisions between the two antagonistical the Russian Fur Company on the Northwest Coan. A small number of men were left to supernund ES21,000 Pil and all who have gone before it, descend into systems the Republican and monarchical- is

the business and as their numbers increased they E724,000 the House of Lords. Bir Robert may himself escape but natural to presume the contest will commence

extended their buildings, and were fortifed again buy more fortunato than me gre

mohetween the United States, as the representative or De lite

m and England, the representative the attacks of the Indians by the Company ner, he may continue to the last a member of that bead of ons system, order whose foremost man it is his pride to be; but or head of the other. Years ago we made known whose benefit they held the place. Finding ite

tro, in to the world our determination to prevent all for harbor inadequate to their wants, they sitemp all likelihood, cousin Edmund, and some other ther European colonization on this continent, and establish themselves al San Francisco; and thereby Cadets Cossio Edmund, indeed, ie not unlikely that declaration was dictated by true wisdom-by awakened the suspicious jealousy of the Spanish authorities, who ordered them to leave the country to be the first of the house to enter within the pale, a just conception of what was essential to our safety He appears from his speech on the late ocasion It was then proclaimed that Europe had her poll. This command they successfully resisted, and we at Tamworth to be one of those who are but half fical system and we ours, and that any attempt to accordingly permitted to remain without furth

molestation. The inconvenience of the horier, satisfied to posses power unless all men be con- extend her system on this continent, would be re- stantly confeasing it. His idea of making Tam garded as dangerous to our peace and evincive of however, and the expense of maintaining the we

Since that declablishment, proved a burden greater than the Cons worth the seat of the central post-office snacks of a hostile disposition towards us.

pany was willing to bear; and in 1841, the who a king-making spirit, warmed, possible, by, the ration was made, England has interfered with the locality which witnessed the last struggles of the international affairs of this continent, and even dar establishment, stock houses, arms, utensils and a ed to intrigue, through her diplomantic agents, to tle, was transferred for the sum of $30 000, by the wars of the Roses:-( Spectator}

prevent the consumation of our avowed policy-Russian American Company, to Captam Ser the friendly introduction of a sister Republic into Swiss emigrant to the United States and then {From the Missouri Reporter.)

our Confederacy. In France, the doctrine of a California, where he be has establebed timsar en The result of the Oregon controversy between balance of power in North America has been put tract of land thirty leagues square, at the heat of the United States and England, may decide the fate forth, and the policy advocated of paying off Mexi-navigation on the river Sacramento, and has ad 19,213 448,512 of free and mornarchical institutions. It may be

co against the United States and using England to himself absolute ruler of the whole region.-Budega 49,790 Hit the question can be settled by the surrender of check mate both. Why is this? Why should Eu-was sold to him by order of the Russian Government. a portion of that territory to England, but no true ropean monarchies which possess no colonies on the Company for whose benefit it was original y hearted American will counsel such a step. The this continent, be so anxious to check our growth? established, having made an arrangement by which intrinsic value of any portion of that territory is of Do they feel that the time has come when a blow their supplies are procured from the Hudson Ba but little importance when compared with the fu-

must be struck to check the progress of free insti, Company. And thus disappeared, some four years ture policy of England, which hinges on her move-

tutions, or that the increase of our commercial

ago, the Russian settlement of which British ad ments to gain a permanent foothold on the Pacific

power will prove dangerous to monarchical prin- continental journals have recently made such a coast. In the steady pursuit of her object-comciple ? If it be not so, why has the French Govern. bugbear. mercial supremacy-she has already acquired pos

ment-we do not mean the French people - so sud- That California will long remain in the poss session of the most commanding geographical pos denly laid aside its jealousy of England, and thesion of Mexico, few entertain the belief. In notazi tions in the world, and northern Oregon is an import

Emperor of Russia made a pilgrimage to London situation it is a destinet ecuntry, and the authoray ant link in the great chain sh; has been long forging

These speculations, however, carry us beyond our of Mexico over it his never been more thin m Her recent operations in China have opened the east-

present object, but they should engage the attentionnel. The central government has never done way- ern shores of Asin to commercial enterprise, and giv

of the American people and of the Government. It | thing to develope it boundless resources, — la ele Der East en new importance to the Pacific trade.

may be that the Oregon controversy will tend to courage its seitlement, or to give an imperas la India possessions and her Canadian Provinces can the decision of the most important political as well commercial or agricultural emerprise within it he made to contribute much more to her power an

borders as commercial questions, and it seems certain to us wealth than they have heretofore done, if an easy that our

Ile inhabitants have always been led to and safe line of communication can be established strides to power, winever we can do so consistent- true policy is, to check England in her

themselves, and in 1884 the inhabitants of Mon- terey and its vicinity alone, drove out all the Al- between them-such as the Pacific will afford. The

xican troops, declared the independence of the comm try and successfully maintained it against the an tempts of Mexico. They hare since, however, indicated their adhesion to the Mexican Govern ment:-but so evident in the inability of Mexico to compel its adherence that Mr Forbes in 1833, in the work to which reference has already been made, derlares that the situation and natural re-

$300

173.454 17,935

27,157 997 57,100 501,241 90 54,400 99,162 2,123 1:3,200 14,073 121,555 7,441 147,336 63.000 252

3,636

These are the most considerable articles export ed to France of British produce. It will be ob- served that they consist chiefly off articles in the first stage of manufacture, such as wawrought cop and bar iron, colton yarn, or of raw ma

per, pig

terials, us cral, wool, &c. Of colonial and foreign means of reaching India from London will then be with good faith and honor. articles went to France, the most importa are Banding handkerchiefs and raw and waste silk,

IMPORTS FROM FRANCE,

Official value. 1818 1844. £3,865 £27,261

237

79.040

Clocks

Cotton manufacturos

Gloves

Madder

Raw silk

125.368

Waste do, and bucks

2,887

Thrown do.

Undyed do.

A

Silk manufactures

Gauze and gauzë ribbon

Other silk articles, about Brandy Wine

31,708

When Chief Justice Parsons of Massachusettes once complimented a red-faced constable for his ex- peditica in serving some process, the later set the bar in a roar, by saying, with auch solemnity, "I would blush your honor if I could"

sources California are so favorable, that a small (From the Weekly Courier and New-York Enquirer.) "number of inhabitants could resist any attacks "made upon it by such a nation as Mexico or it California. - We published not many days since, a very interesting letter from Mr Cushing, setting

"might even soon arrave the coast of Mexico use f and force the governsent of that, country to give u forth very clearly and from authentie documents

"such terms na it should demand.". And in rent. the interest of certain English holders of Mexican bonds, in the territory of California. All authoring farther upon the natural resources of Califor fative information upon this subject derives special nin, he says, that with a population capable of importance from the unusual and very marked de. taking advantage of them, Mexico, instead of he gree in which the attention of foreign nation is at ing able to reduce California, would be obliged

"to succumb to it.". present directed towards this rich, ungoverned and prospectively important section of the western Paci Ac Coast,

through the British possessions on this continent, any that trade which we have anticipated would in time spring up bi ween the people of the Mississipp: Valley, Asia and the Pacife isles, will be diverted northward, or he partially controlled, if not muto. polized by Enghind. It may not be generally koowo 35,946 that the Hudson Bay Company carrina naats ope- 19,594 rations at the present me from the mouth of the 127,440 Columbia rret to Hudson Bay, almost entirely by 437,200 water.

Boats loaded with fura, dec., pass along the 36,043 entire route; there being but two portages, which The occupy only about six days in the passage. 889,452 distance from the Colombia river in the ortheast 558,368 of Oregon, where it is navigable for the light boars 68,116 of the Budson Bay Company, to the next stream 240,000 eastward, alec navigable for the same class of boats 1:21,325 196,943 and connected with the chain of small lakes within 47,974 80,789 the British territory which terminates at Lake Su Woollen manufactures

34 149,398

perior, is usually travelled in three or four days Silk and articles inade of it constitute about one- The whole time occupied by the royageurs, or bost- half of all our imports from France. The quantity men of the Hudson Bay Company in reaching Lake

We have gives copious extracts from the com- of brandy actually brought into Britain must be at Superior in their busts from Columbia river, is aboumunications of the Mexican correspondent of the least the double of what appears in the Custom sixty days. From Leke Superior to Hudson Bay London Times, in which the policy of contesting bouse books, the preposterous duty of 22, 10d.

there is also & river route, obstrusted by only one Cabforols into a British posssession is very forcibly per gallons being nothing else than a bounty to the

portage. Hence the operations of that Company and earnestly urged mainly on the ground thakin smuggler. If the duty on French wines were re-

are carried on with great facility from the Allamic no other way can it be prevented from falling into duced from 5s. 6d. to la, there is no risk in saying

ocean to the Columbia riser and hence, alan, the the hands of the United States and thus making that the consumption would be increased twenty

vast importance to Great Britain, of obtard the the American government absolutely master, mat or thirty fold, and the revenue doubled. —diotsman,

control of the navigation of the Columbia Fiver only of the continent, but of the wart and increas. This matter will be better understood by reference ing Commerce between Eastern Asia and the rest THE HOUSE OF PEEL

to a good map of North America Any he can of the world. Mr Cushing in his letter, gave a Just before casting the first sod on the Trent easily trace on the map the British route to Oregon, brief but significant extract from an English work Valley Line, Sir Robert Peel talked of the birth. which we have mentionel, and understand why published in 1839, in which the policy of purchas place and seat of his family. The noble mate of England insists with so much pertinacity on holding ing California by a surrender of all British clairns Stowe, who quarters on the glass lantern in his hall the north bank of the Columbia river.

Fler utes

upon Mexico, was strongly urged upon substantially the bearinge of half the uobility of Enghod, (ex- mes are looking co the future. They are aware how the same grounds. The work quoted from is the isting and extinct,) may question the propriety of important to the pidized world the Pacife trade is treatise of Mr Alexander Forbes, published it Lon- celling that a family which has not one ennobled to become, and what power and wealin will be ac- dan, but never reprinted in this country, in this branch: but when the numbers of the clan Peel,quired by the nation that controls that trade. The work Mr Forbes prefaces the suggestion copied by the amount of property possed by its elders, and inventions of the present century have rendered an Mir Cushing with the following speculations, which their distribution through the services, are taken inland route to the Pacific, over this continent, less are worthy of attention :-* futo account, one feels that had the Premier spoken furmidible than a voyage round Cape Good Hope of his house instead of his family, the phrase or Cape Hors. The Hudson Bay Company can would scarcely have appeared inflated. The house nos at this time one of the best iaiand routes, and of Warwick, and other houses that in old time if England can obtain possession of, or continue to swayed the destinies of this country, were knots of occupy, northern Oregon, that route will be hers kindred families the King-maker was a great man,

for the future. The only way lell for England to but it was the two brave bears' with their noble procuro ascendency in the Pacific, is to extend her relations that made the hotise The nobility of a American possessions west to that ocean, This country are those who possess the talent to acquire step is more important to her than even the poa. and keep property together with the ambition to session of California. as Oregon is connected direct render it the instrument of making other work out ly with her other North American provinces, and Their onds. A number of heads of families pos. California is at a distance from them, and separated sessed of these essentials of tobility, and united by also by territory belonging to the United States. the more or less remote lies of affinity, are, whe British statesmen understand how much depends ther titled or not, a power in the state, and consti- for the future on the possessing of Oregon-ther that fate a house. Even in the ages when arms were territory is the key to the commerce of the Pacific the chief instrument for acquiring property, there Whilst the possession of the north bank of the Co- were 'bouses in Europe-that of the Medici is an lumbia is necessary for the accomplishment of their instance-whose power was derived from commerce designs, our true policy requires that England In low-sobdued England, it is, with the exception should not be suffered to gain a foothold any where of arms, the only source whence houses' can spring. on the Pacific coast of this continent. The law or the church often makes a family'; but the army, trade or manufactures, must combine with them to make a house The Pit diamond counted for something in The making of two suc- cessive Premiers of England. When one of our untitled houses consents to be ennobled, it in truth seeks to erade jealousy by mixing with a crowd of equals. So long as it remains in the ranks of commoners. The reality of its power obtrules atfelf; when mingled with the nobility, people forget that It is more powerful than its peers Individuals or milies may be raised to the Peurage, but houses are reilured in 16 The house of Lords 18 & Pro- Crustean bed where all are cut to nearly the same There Duke of Willington does not inn a Duke of Buckingham. Various Varias

|

The want of frequent communication with Mexico renders it quite uncertain what may at present (Jun 1939) be the state of California but it is at least evident now, if there was any doubt formerly, that it is at this moment in a state which cantes prevent its being taken possession of by any foreign force which may present itself. The British Government seen lately to have had sume suspicion that California would be encroached upon, if not aken entire possession of, by the Russiaus who are settled so close upon its northern frontier; but by the latest accounts no encroachment has been made, nor has any augmentation been made either in the number of people in the colony, or in the fortifications. The danger does not lie there. There is another restless, enterprising neighbor from whom they will most probably soon have to defend themselves, or rather to submit to; for al though the frontiers of North America are much more distant than the Russians. pet to such men as the back-settlers, distance is of little moment and they are already well acquainted with the route. The Northern American tide of population must roll on Southward and overwhelm not only California, but other more important States,”

It is to check the movement as the only possible meane of preventing California from becoming a portion of the American territory, that this author proposes its purchase by England; end be enforces his proposition by a great variety of cogent args. menta connected with the political and commercial interests of Great Britain, to which we shall take occasion to reler hereafter.

It is in this point of view that we have said the result of the Orogon controversy may decide the fate of free and monarebical institutions in North America We do not believe that England will abandoo her pretensions to Oregon, as long as she can protract the present negotiation. Our duty, then, is to proceed at once as if we really beliored our right to that territory clear and unquestion able"-encourage emigration thither, extend our laws and protection over those who settle in that region, and exercise all the rights of a sovereign State over its lawful domain. Should England then come into hostile colision with us, let the issue be The Russian Settlement to which allusion is met promptly. A struggle between her and the made in this extract, as bajng close upon the nor- United States will decide the fate of nonarchy on thern frontier," was in fact within the limit.of Cali this continent, and, it may be, involve all Europe forcia, and somewhat more than 200 miles Sou à in a force contest. The unrented spectacle off te horen wander, the Bodegas à visite, paid by the leading monarchs of graph which we recently copied from a German self rope to each other during the past eighteen months, paper first called general attention to this establish- pora may be dictated by a mere love of pageantcy, and ment, to which it attributed a high degree of pali. it me have a deeper meaning. The readiness of tical importance. Its representations betrayed many the French Governmento join the British in in of the English journals into a premature, and e Cripust to check the extension of our territory on facts show, & very absurd exultation at the probabi, the Southwest, should not be los sight of, in conlity of the United States beter checkmated by Rus perion with our lareig

accept of titles. But the time comes Und hause to descend

itself in

Bantative of the Euroo

dent

tinent with

Lex to be contro

gland is the chtel. 19

has caused the whole con- tion of only the countries, by Republican institutions, and in

, in their alleged endeavor to Baquire a foothold an Califoriz

This Russian attement was made in 1812, wo- der the permission of the Mexican Governor of Monterey, allowing the Russians to a few key for the purpose of selling beef, with which to zupply

Under these circumstances in seems impossible that California should long remain a portion ofthe Mexican territory, and the only netual question to be decided, we prehad, is, shall it belong to Eng land or the United States? It is suficiently char that England meditates its acquisition; and th method of accomplishing this result which has been put most prominently forward, is by taking it as an offset for the Mexican debt. It should not be supe posed, however, that this is the only means up which in case of necessity she may rely. Her journalists and public writers have omitted no terin of ignominy, in their defamation of the United States for having first colonized, and then annfærd, Texas. The two acts have been declared to be parts of the same scheme and this has been agaia denounced by British writers, as "trobbery," "pira- cy" and "wholesale plunder "Yet the same British author from whom our previous quotations have been made, makes the following significul intimation as to a very feasible method of obtaining possession of California:-

I indeed, says he, a future Cochrane should visit the shores of California, and make commen the Chalinos, the period might not be remote when cause with its inhabitants, as our hero dit with

" it should make the Mexican shores tremble as Chili did those of Peru. And, truly, there seems no alternative except to admit foreign emigrants or "to allow the country to remain stationary; for the character of the present population leaves no probability of its rapid increase other in mar- ber or enterprise; and nothing can be expectel "of emigration from the other Mexican states, "which are themselves but too thinly peopled, and whose inhabitanis are but Ul Sitod for such a Country na California ""

"

This was written in 1835, and deliberately pro- poses as will be seen, precisely the scheme of colo nization, recoll and consequent conquest, which te years later was ascribed to the United States, and then denounced as piracy and wholesale robbey

England, in seeking as she does and will com tinue to do, by all the means within her power, to acquire possession of California, is governed by the belief, which as we shall shw heresfier is doubi. less correct, that in no other way can she prevent the United States from becoming mistress of the vast and immensely progressive Commerce of Chius, India and indeed the whole of eastern Asia. It seems impossible that there should be in this country t party, or even a faction composed of Ameican call- zens, who will aid ber in this endeavor. Directed as it a vowedly is against this growth in weath power, commerce and permaneal prosperity, of the United States, it would seem certain to meet the firmest opposition of every lover of his country

The boundary line between the United States and Mexico is to be arranged, whenever the liber power shali abandon her present of inbecile not me diculous hostility. By solemn treaty stipulusions she owes to our citizens an immense sum of money. -which in all probability she cannot pay. trust that in the end, the adjustment of one of three questions may be found to have embraced thei the other:-and that, by a fair, just and mutually agreeable arrangement, both California and the debt of Mexico to our citizens, may be transferred at once to the Government of the United States.

Edited, Printed and Published by JoEN CARR, At The Friend of China and Hongkong Gazette, Printing Ofcc, Goven STREET, VICTORIA HONGKONG, 1840.