940
FOR SALE.
WO Tron Tank, each 400 Gallons, in good con Tron Tank, each ply to
P TOWNSEND.
Victoria. 15th August, 1845,
JUST RECEIVED AND FOR SALE PY THE UNDERSIGNED.
Nassortment of Pickles, Sauces, Cheese, Butter
AN Whate and Sperm Oil, Pilot and Navy Bread,
Sperm Candles, Fresh Raisins Salmon in Kits, Mackerel, superior Loaf Sugar, Olive Oil, Dried Apples, Beef, Pork, Flour, Braudied Fruits, black and Drab Hats, Shoes, &c.
P TOWNSEND,
Victoria, 11th August, 1845.
PIANOS PIANOS!!
THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZE. TE.
At Cape York it is high Water at midnight and at Wallis Island at o'clock the food tide setting to the Westward and the ehh tide to the Eastward through the whole of the track from Ruine's feland to Wallis Island
As it has usually been thought impracticable to suil through Torres Straits during the West monsoon, and Her Majesty's Ships Fly and Bramble having been employed during the whole of the last West monsoon in the Survey of Torres Straits, I beg to report, that with common caution I consider it as i racticable to sail through in the West as in the East monsoon su until the Charts are published the following selling directions will amply suffice
The Westerly monsonin comfences in the Java and Timor Seng about the beginning or middle of Decem ber, and is usually ushered in by rainy and blowing weather from the West and NW. This weather inay probably last for a month, but after January the weather becomes more moderate, and a very rapid and
Eastward from any of the Indian
JUSL RECEIVED and for sale two elegant safe pasage may be made through Forres Straits to the
sweet tuned Pienos Fortes.
at PTOWNSEND'S.
(From the Honghong Register, September 23rd.)
H. MS: AGINCOURT, Hongkong, 10th September, 1845. Sip-I am directed by His Excellency the Naval Commander-in-Chief, to request you will publish in the Hongkong Register," for general information, the accompanying SABLING DIRECTIONS FT PASSING *THROUGH. TORRES STRAITS 18 Born Monsoons," by Captain FRANCIS P, BLACKWOOD, of Her M's Sure Veying VesselFly," "S
I am, Sir, your post obedient servant,
Your new, WALLER,Secretary To JOAN CAIRNS. Esq',
Editor of the Hongkong Register.
SAILING DIRECTIONS FOR PASSING THROUGH TORRES STRAITS IN BOTH MONSOONS, Vessels from New South Wales bound to any of the ports in India during the S. E. m nsoon, for from the mouths of April to October inclusive,) find it more advantageous to pass by Torres Straits, as at that time of the year strong Westerly winds prevail on the Southern Coasts of Australia, rendering a passage to the Westward, round Cape Leeuwin (the S. W point of Australia) impracticable, unless in a fast and well found ship, P
Dassages Taking the route by Torres Straits, two passages present themselves, the one by the "Inner passage," or along the Eastern and N.E. shores of Australia, within the line of the Barrier reef, entering at or near Break sea spit in 240 S Lot, the other by a passage Eest ward of the Bartier reef, steering midway between that Geeat reef and New Caledonia, generally known as the "Outer passage," entering Torres Straits through the Barrier reef in about the Lat. 31 86' S., by the Beacon. erected in that latitude on Raine's Island.
Opinions are divided as to the respective merits of the two passages; for despatch the "Outer" is to he preferred, but for safety under all circuiostances, the
Inner" must be considered as the better route,
In navigating the "Immer passage," the Charts and directions of Captain P. P. KING, RN, will be found very accurate, and quite sufficient for navigation dur. ing the S, E. monsoon when proceeding Northward but his track must be strictly followed, as from the nature of these seas it is possible for many shouls to exist withing a short distance of his lines of soundings. The chief objection, which has been raised by the mercantile marine against this track is the necessary of anchoring occasionally during the night, a measure which must be adopted after passing Caps Grafton in 1600 8.4 to the Southward of this point a vessel may safely run the whole 24 hours in moderately fine
weather,
A fait passage by the "Inner route" from the time of leaving Sydney to passing Booby Island may be considered as occupying from 25 to 30 days, the S. E.
trade blowing along the Coast.
The passage from Sydney by the "Outer route" to the Barrier reef in the 12th parallel of Latitude is usually performed in 14 to 16 days, and in the letter part of, or during the height of the S. E. monsoon in 10 or 12 days, and from the Barrier reef to the passing of Booby Island can be safely performed in 3 days.
The best entrance to pass through Torres Straits from the Westward is through Endeavour Straits, en fering it by passing in to the North wast of the Walli Islands. The Northernmost of this group of small Islands which are three in number should be steered for; it is in Lat. 10 51'S., Long, 142′ s' 0" E, and will be scen 9 or 10 miles from a ship's deck in clear weather. The variation being here 5 Easterly
quently involve honest persons in a common ruin, Confectioners, Holboro-hill had £ 300 out is whilst they take care to secure themselves, by illi- small debts before the passing of this Act. Those eit means, from the consequences of the storm. parties who had paid them well previously now The insolvent act now in force at the Indian decline to pay them at all, and many of them set- presidencies would be very destructive in its moral them at defiance and laugh at them, and get credit influence were it unrestrictedly applied to the Straits of parties who never pay for their goods. Sittlements, where the native dealers consist chiefly Wine and spirit mercants, Aldersgate-street, had of persons whose notions of merd feeling are not | 56ths of their debts under £20, although a whole. very neate, who are notoriously speculative in most valo business. The passing of this Act caused a of their transactions, and who are very locomotive cessation in the payments of those who had pre as to their cormoraney. The application of theviously been regular, and the firm now lay entirely Indian Insolvent Act, to meet the cases of parties at the mercy of those debtors some of whom defy 50 unworthy of its relief, would be disastrous in its them. influences the introduction of the recent English act would be still more injurious. g
What is eminently required is a law that will allow no exercise of viciousness, and be neither dilatory nor expensive. Such an enactement as
|
Furnishing ironmongers, Bishopsgate-street with- out had, out of 2.100 customers, 1,700 and old un- der £20; many of those debtors set the firm at de- fance at the passing of the Act.
Provision merchants Bishopsgate street without
was recently prayed for by the majority of the have, nearly all their debts under £20, and also find bankers, merchants and traders of London, would themselves set at defiance by number of their debtors. Upholsters, Blackman-street, borough, has lost meet the wants of the Straits Settlements by secur ing creditors from fraud, and inflicting punishment a large sum by the law, in debts and balances un- on the contractor of debts who possessed not the der £20, some of his debtors laughing at his ap- means of discharging them at the time of their in-plication. currence. The following in the substance of the Schoolmaster, Stone street, borough has lost ne- petition referred to, which was adopted at a meet-arly £100 by the working of the law, not any of ing held in London May 27th 1845.
which does he expect to ercover,
Showeth,
That an extensive system of credit exists, and is
w unavoidablo in this country.
Soap and candle-maker. Webster street, Water- loo-road, has lost in a great extent in small debts by the working of the law, and regards them as ir recoverable.
*
Tea dealer, Bridge streets, Blackfriars, has lost some £300 in debts under £29. Many of his de- btors could pay, but will not, and treat him with comtempt and his applications.
The high land of Cook's Island will be first scen at a distance of twenty miles, and if steering in on the parallel of Northern Islend Wailis will make bearing"] from N E. to E. N. E. before Wallis Island is seen.
Having clearly made out the Northern Wallis Is That the present law whilst properly seeking to land, bring it to bear E. S. E.; for a narrow, and dane, protect the person of the debtor from vindictive gerous spit of Sand runs ont due West nearly eight proceedings on the part of the creditor, fails in prac. miles from North Wallis Island, and will be avoided tice to substitute that power over his property by keeping the Island on that bearing as long as pose which it professes to give, and which is the undoubt sible whilst steering in
a
Tailors Lamb's Conduit-street, have some £400 When at the distance of eight miles from the Islanded right and object of the creditor nor does it im- bearing E. S. E, steer in due East, and when the North pose that punishment on fraud which is necessary or £500 out in debts under £20. They feel them- Wallis Island bears S. S. E. the danger of the Channel for its prevention.
selves to be entirely a the mercy of the their de will be passed, and a N. E. by E. course shaped to That the recent alterations in the law of debt rutors since the present law came into operation.” steer through Endeavour Straits when the previous and creditor, which abolish imprisonment for debts. directions given for entering at Raine's Island, accom- under £ 20, and afford increased facilities to small panied by Captain KING's Charts, will safely carry out traders and others to evade payment of their debts, to Raine's Island Beacon, and from thence to sea,
are most injurious to the trading classes. observing that the best anchorage will be obtained at the Bird Islands, where the quality of bottom is mud. and clear of Coral patches.
From the "Bird Island" to "Raine's Island Beacon," it in all coral, and a ship would probably have some trouble in recovering her anchor if let go in that space. FRANCIS P. BLACKWOOD, – Cuptuin,
APPLICATION OF INSOLVENCY LAWS
TO THE STRAITS SETTLEMENTS,
A very general complaint has for some time provalled that notwithstanding some intimation was given a yene or more ag that Bankruptcy laws would be brought into operation at Singapore, no notice has since been taken of the matter: the
application of the law for the relief of insolvent debtors is apparently as far distant as it well could be. Now although we are no advocates for the introduction of uny regulation directly or indirectly calculated to encourage either the bad system of slow or the worse practice of non payment, we think the Imporial legislature has wisely taken into consideration the misfortunes of the unprosperous and provided a remedy
law of debtor and creditor as now exercised, is un- That the general and practical operation of the just and vicious, dilatory and expensive, tends to destroy confidence, gives impunity to fraud, acts as a direct encouragement to extravagance and wilful miscon luct and is rapidly demoralizing large por. tious of the community.
ly suggest such a consolidation and revision of the That to remove these evil your petitioners humb
Laws of bankruptcy and insolvency as shall afford
I. Greater protection to the creditor from fraud, extravagance, and wilful misconduct on the part of the debtor, and for facilities for obtaining imme- diale security of the debtor's property.
2. Entire power to the Court of Bankruptcy to grant or to withhold its protection to the persons of the debtor pending inquiry, as to his previous con- duct with reference to the statement of his accounts, and the disclosure and surrender of his property, may warrant.
3. All the rights of a judgment creditor to those creditors who have been admitted as such by the Court,
in
(From the Friend of India July 24th.) MODIFICATION OF THE POST OFFICE RULES,
Officiating Postmaster, which announces that We publish above a communication from the compliance with the wishes expressed by the Chamber of commerce, he has resolved to mo. dify the rule for prompt payment on the del very of every letter. No invidious distinction is to be made between great firms and small, All are to share and share alike in the indulgence firms, and between big and little individuals.
of paying weekly for the letters which they may receive. The peons are to call for them at the Post Office, and the number of letters delivered to them, together with a statement of the postage, is to be marked down in a se parate book belonging to each individual and
It is true that many pars Your petitioners therefore humbly pray your mistake or a dispute can scarcely occur. Leipate in the benefit the insolvent law affords, Honourable House to consolidate and amend the who would be more justly dealt with were they laws of bankruptcy and insolvency, in conformity, committed to gaol as felons, and that to this class with the foregoing suggestions, or in such other of individuals the solvent laws do but form a way manger as may be deemed expedient by your honot of escape from the payment of debts contracted rable house without the means and perhaps without even the intention of ever discharging. The i solvent laws, although extending their benefits to such an un- worthy class as we have just noted, were never intended so to apply the shelter they afford to the dishonest debtor is the consequence of their too wide application and the want of discrimination
firm. The accounts of the week are to be adjusted on the following Monday morning. This plan will, we think, be found equally convenient to the firms and to the Post Of fice; and if the amount of postage be pot down in words and not in figures, in the columns ruled for Rupees, amas, and pie, a We have long enjoyed the privilege of making a single payment at the end of each mouth of all our postage for letters sent and received, and have never had occasion to complain of a sin gle error in the transmission and receipt through the Post Office of Six thousand letters, and Three thousand newspapers during the year. We have two books, oue for letters sont, the other for letters received. In the former, the Dawk Moonshce simply enters the number of letters he sends us during the two or three deli
to prevent the possibility of alteration, his figures are corroborated by our initials. The other is the usual dawk book similar to that used by others, in which the name and the residence of every correspondent to whom a letter is sent as well as its weight, is entered; the Dawk Moo- the sun every day, and impresses a Post Office shes affixes the postage to cach name, casts up stamp near it. At the end of the month, the Bill is made up in a quarter of an hour, and the account adjusted. The present plan of the Of ficiating Postmaster, as far as regards, letters delivered from the Office, corresponds exactly with that which has long been in vogue here, and will entail no inconvenience, unless the number of applicants for a separate pigeon hole should be so great as to oblige Government to rent an additional house.
The sailing directions from sydney to the Barris exhibited by the law. The perpetration of an oe-dicted to duplicily as are all classes of Asiatics. In veries of each day, with the amout of postage;
recf by the Outer route are so fully given in Hors- burgh's Directory, that it would be superfluous to add Any thing on that subject-merely observing that the barrier reef should not be hauled in for, till to the Northward of 14:00 S. Latas a reef called "Osprey Reef has been discovered in Lat. 13: 55' South, Long, 14 about 50 miles from the Berrier, and that a vigi 146- 46 East, said to be 15 miles in extent, and dis lant look out should be kept at night whilst outside The track from Raine's Islet Beacon into the Hardy
the Barrier reef
Islands may be briefly described as follows:-
Being in the centre of the Channel to the South of Raine's Island Beacon, and having brought it to bear North distant for 2 miles-steer 8. W. by W. for 26 miles-when 3 Sand Banks should be reached and sen, and the leak of the Northern Sir Charles Hardy's Island should be seen bearing SW by W. 12 miles distant. The course should now be altered to which will take up to the extreme pitch of the Cock burn reef, distant 9 miles from the Banks above nam- ed. Pass to the Northward of this reef at the distance of a short half mile in 8 or 9 fathoms, keeping a good look out for some sunken shoals, which lay nearly three miles from the pitch of the Cockburn reef, beating early due Northi from it, and which will be avoided by keeping the reef well on board.
The Cockburn island will now be seen bearing West; sicer for them and skirt thereof a rounding the Islands at the distance of a short mile, rounding ins North extreme in 9 fathoms
cesional wrong will not justify the withholding of positive relief from deserving and unfortunate deb. tors: for the latter class alone the law of relief is framed and cannot be too early in its application or too humane in its mode of execution.
And your petitioners will ever pray, &ze.” We believe some time ago, a wish was generally expressed that the Act, known as Lord. Brougham's insolvent law, 5 and 6 of Viet, be applied to India and extended to the whole of the East India Settle ments. Such a procedure would be attended with sad consequences amongst people so notoriously ad-
England the working of Lord Brougham's act has exhibited a mischievous specimen of vagarial legis lation. Credit, however limited, must exist where transactions are carried on with vast numbers of petty dealers, leaving the most circumspect open to the chicanery of unprincipled men: the original the law can afford against the perpetration of frand, dealer is consequently entitled to all the protection but which the introduction of Lord 'Brougham's Act altogether withholds. The following facts presented to Parliament, although drawn from every day occurrences of the metropolis, are equally ap plicable to the Streits Settlements; since the dis- honest principles by which fraudulent debtors are actuated, vary nor with the differences of colour, creed or clime.
A batter, of Southampton-row, Bloomsbury; had 2200 worth of debts under £20 at the time of the passing of the Act, not one of which he is disposed to proceed for under the existing law.
A poulterer and salesman in Leadenhall-market had £300 debts, all under £20), at the passing of the Act; all of these he regards as lost, or as de perding entirely on she debtor's incluation.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. SHANGHAI, 1845. IMPORTS.
Per EAGLE, American Brig from Hongkong, arrived
WOLCOTT, DATES & 40, 8.150 pieces White Shirtings, 3,070 pieces Grey
Wholesale chemists Oxford-streek, had about £2,500 debts, under £20, out at the time of the 5th Sepember, 1911. passing of the set. Not one of these under the passat law do they think it desirable to proceed for; many of their debtors treat them with scorn. Three fourths of wholesale chemists' debts are un- der £20.
be seen bearing West distant li miles and a remarkable the most prudent, spring up and thwart the best Carvers and guilders. Wells-streets, had £ 300
Unhappily for the honest but unfortunate debtor, construed to his injury, to tac demoralization of an inability to pay what is demanded of him is his character and the ruin of his hopes. His case is too frequently a pitiless one, notwithstanding the circumstance of the helplessness of his condition being rather an incentive to aid that the occasion of harsh and relentless severity, Inability to pay is a debtor's misfortune, but too frequently is put down in the catalogue of crime, apparently for no other reason than that the perverseness of human nature has very unjustly considered poverty as an offence, deserving of punishment, atonable only by moral degradation and physical restraint. It is (rus the amount of personal suffering inflicted on the delinquent, differs in different countries; yet the mere fact of having incurred debts without the actual and prescut means of payment is by Chris tian, Muslen, Jew and Fagan, considered an offence of some moral turpitude. The onhappiness of a result does not always justify the conclusion that the means were as unworthy as the end proves to be nisastrous, inasmuch as circumstances ton free Haul up to the S. W one mile to avoid a sunken quently arise over which the human mind has no patch, and then steer for the Bird Islands, which will control; casualties, unseen and uncontrollable by Sandy patch on the main land should be seen bear concerted plans. With persons engaged in trade, ing S. W.
Good anchorage under the lee of the Bird Isaurs whose transactions must more or less partake of a to 4001 of debts, under £20, out at the time of may be obtained in 9 and 10 fathoms mind, and from prelative character, the best founded hopes, the the passing of this Act. They will not proceed od 15th September, 1815 WOLCOTT, DATES & Co. this anchorage Captain Kino's Chart should be folidust scrupuloulsy calculated dealings of the trader, for one of those debts, and feel themselves entirely lowed to tape York
day be disappointed by the culpable insolvency of at the mercy of the debtors. From Cape York which is bohl to approach within | auviller speculator, or by the dispensations of the Grocer. Torrentam-court-road, had 300 of a mile, the course is due West between 11 and 12 spirit which marcheth on the winds" To autoch debis under £20 at the time of the passing of this miles to the Eastern entrance of Endeavour straits, moral turpitude to ellects so occasione, exhibits a Act. Ile chic out proceed for any of those debts. When the entrance of the trait is rpproaches, stert seriens discerney of the judgment, unworthy of Mest grocers debts are under £20. Many of the boldly through any of the passures between the islandez they are all safe and clear of sunken dangers. The of the human character to unmure the unhappy delters, who, before the passing of the Act, paid course will now be S. W. by W. for 30 miles over a participant of such trouble in a gaol, to imprison him regularly, now treat his with enterupt and Boot and shoemaker, New street, Covent gar- perfectly clear sea and an average depth of 7 to 8 17 cht an individual who originally possessed a fathoms, sandy bottom, through Endeavour Straits ressable hope of payment, is an offence against | den, had £ 300 to £100 of dies out under £30
Having run this distances the Wallis Isunds will be the well being of society. In cases, such as we at the time of the pasting of the Act All these, seen, the Northernmost one of which should be passed, have jast noted imprisonment serves only to gradents are now dealtfel, many of them contracted keeping to the Northware of it at the distance of early tify the vindictive feelings of inconsiderate credi, by persons helling situations and receiving sala. seo miles. When at that distance and the Island ore, who wank fan allow their victims to rosies. These set him at deiance since this Act, and bearing South- due West course will take one to exe, within the precincts of a gaul but for the tief get credit of those who get goods on credit and and well clear of a dangerous candy spit which runs afforded by the Act for Insolvent Destors. out eight mile due West from Wabis Island,
Booby Island should now be seen from the Must Hend, and when it is brought to bear N. i E. the danger of Torres Straits may be said to be terminated and a ship may shape bes course according to her It is high Water at full and change at Haine's Ister st 10 o'clock, the rise of tide, being 10 feet, running at the spring sometimes thres Enots per hour,
destination.
Were all debtors: the unlucky nights of misfer. tins the question might be easily disposed of it hometer not unfreqazntly happens that deteers hures on the evil consequences of insolvency with a recklessness of disposition wholly foreign to ho
test raliuz, and, who perodesically enough, gain by their alleged losser This latter class too fre.
never pay for them. •
⠀⠀ Groer, Newtteet, Cavent-garden, had from £150 £200 cut in debts under £ 20 at the time He is not to falia- of the passing of this 346. ed to proceed for the recovery of any of them, aut Demirde 2 as any of his Olds, and thuis of whom, who laid his enter the 11 be, aww tron bin with worn.
Per
180 pieces White Twilla. 307 picces Woollens. WARLOCK, British Brig, from Hongkong, arrived
7. MATHESON & Co. 11th September, 1815,
3,401 pieces White Shirtings.
650 pieces Grey
*
**
Per NOWQUÂ, American Ship, from Hongkong, arriv.
43,993 pieces Grey Shirunga.
3.46 piecce White
720 pieces Woollena.
42 pieces Camlota
Sub pairs Blankets,
**
A can Latifer Matches.
6 Boxes Fata.
Bogsheads Bear.
29 packiem luso Materials.
· EXPORTA
Per GRIS, Britáty Bargar, Bar. Chuan, valled Mth Bap.
GILMAN & CA cambor, 1915.
fa Eallast. Per WARLOCK, Brigh Drig, for Bangkang, sailed it
4, MATHESON & C
September,
git balon Silk, 357 pigste and 27 cattien.
suplemine, $$$ WOLCOTT, BATSA & Co.
For EAGLE Acerican Big, Ae Hogulong, walled & Bila
13,513 to. Young Brion.
Dole Qapader 200 Imperial.
+
Edited, Printed and Published by Joan Desp As The Friend of thma and Hongkong Caurite, Printing Ope, Qreza's Enaby Vicrons, Hosezone, IM6,
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