BRITISH HOTEL
GABRIEL has taken commodious
THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZETTE.
FOR SALE.
i
Masituated at the Corner of Grabmanious house JUST RECEIVED EX QUEEN MAE
distance south of the Queen's Road, which he in. tends to conduct as a Hotel under the above title Gentlemen favouring him with their patronage will find their comfort strictly attended to.
All the articles supplied will bo of the first rate des,ription.
A Thurston's Billiard Table on the Primises. Victoria, 14th March, 1945,
A
BILLIARD TABLE.
ticles.
CIRCUGAR,
W. H. FRANKLYN,
797
of the city of Macao, which is still held by the Portuguese, although less under the direct autho.
quantity of Superior Allsops pale Ale in 3 SHIPPING AND GENERAL ON SUTON AGENT, AND AUCTIONEER,rity of the Chinese government.
CHINAM'S WHARF, VICTORIA,
That prominent body of men. the. Hong mor doz, Cases, Cumberland Hams, Berkeley Checae, TAS For Sale all kinds of Ship and Cabin Stores.
H
chants of China, have boine so important a part Butter, Curd Soap, Speria Can-lles, Malaga Rais-
Wine and Spirits. Eoitled Ale and Porter
in the commerce of the empire, that they deserve ins, Zante Currants, Preserved Oysters & Shrimps Ditto ditto in Cask, and a variety of miscellaneous to be considered, although as a class they no lon. Tart Fruits, Sauces, Table Salt in Jars, Pale Sherry articles. (sve advertisements) at Wholesale prices, ger exist, in consequence of the new order of and Brandy, Canvas, Rope and various other riu not less quantities than one Case, Piece, on tings. This close of merchants was comprised of
MANE ROWLAND & Co. Package, A liberal allowance inade to the Trade
Awelve or more individuals, who were licensed by Victoria, May 6th, 18-45,
GOODS SOLU BY AUCTION AND COMMISION, the governinent to carry on the foreign trade, and Goods received from alongside Ship and Stored who were held responsible for the good conduct of
foreigners, as well as for the collection of the im Goods, Letters, and parcels forwarded, aud busi-perial duties of import and expert by the local go-
transacted for parties absent. Victoria, 18th May, 1845.
FOR SALE.
GOOD Table to be sold cheap, (for cash only!UST RECEIVED ex ↳ Hesperus," a few en- 1 in dry godowns on the most modeṛată terms.
complete with Cues, Balls, Marking Board, Pool Balls-Fur particulars of price, apply to,
J. C. VINCENT.
Hotel Canton, 14 May, 1845.
M.
NOTICE.
&.c.
and drab perior patent perforated black Beaver Hats, (Manufactured expressly for India)ness and Cloth Cups, also Cork Butter in dars, Pickles
LANE ROWLAND & Co. Victoria, 13th May, 1945.
FOR SALE. RUSSEL Cabinet Maker, who has had the
QY the undersigned a quantity of Coslimore De BY advantage of being brought up under a most
Coss and Balzaren for Ladies, dresses, a sn- experienced Master, wishes now to engage himselfperior article, for summer wear. to any Gentleman in this Colony, when he will look
P. TOWNSEND. after the Household, furniture, and see the sanie always, in good order and condition; as likewise make any thing that may be required in his Ine of business. M. It can shew the highest and most approved recommendations us to character &c. from Gentlemen, whom he has served in the above capacity.
For further particulars apply at the office of this Paper.
Victoria, 5th May, 1845.
NOTICE.
LATTEY & CO. CHRUNGMEER AND WATCH MAKERS &c. Have removed to Graham St where they intend carrying on their business in the
above line.
J.
Victoria, 8th May, 1845.
28
ADNAMS. From Lawrie's & Co, Oxford street London, Saddler, Harness Maker, and Coach Trimmer, &c begs to return his sincere. thanks to the Officers of the Army and Navy and inhabitants of Hongkong generally for their liberal support since he has commenced business in the above line, and to informs them that, he has always on hand Saddlery of every description, Harness, Single and Double do," Bridles, and Martingales made to any pattern or weight suggest. ed. Coach Trimming in all its branches, Sword Belts, Scabbards, Pistol cases, Accoutrements &c. Cloth and Morocco Cushions for Parlour chai:s &c. Silver, Brass, Copper or Plated, Spurs made to order, J. Adaam has, also on hand several pairs of Doe and Buckskin Leather Breeches, white ant brown Boot Tops, suitable for Postillions, Every description of Gigs, Carriages, Harness, Saddlery, &c. bought and sold on commission. Approved indorsed Bills, above $100 accepted at 2 and 3 months. 3, New China, Street,
Victoria, 28th March, 1845.
FOR SALE.
DISCUIT in Tins Raisins, Butter in Kogs of D9 lbs and an assortment of dried herbs v z. Thyme, Marjoram, Sage and Surmer Savory, also a small lot of Sardines. T. J. BIRDSEYE.
18 Queen's Rout. Victoria, 15th May, 1845
FOR SALE. ARCOBUINNER. Neirsteiner, Grisen heis M
ver, Hockheimer, Port, Sherry, Claret and Madeira Wines; also pine and other Cheese, Hams &c., and Seltzer Water in baskets containing 25
T. J BIRDSEYE.
18 Queen's Road, FOR SALE.
Bottles
Victoria, May 3rd, 1845.
A Durham Alustard in pound and half pound T the Stores of the nudersigned a prime lot of Tins: also a quantity of Prunes in excellent order.
SMITH & BRIMELOW.
JUST RECEIVED -And now opened for site a few Solar Lamps, Hanging, Side and Table. Also a few Bedrooms bathing Chairs, a luxurious article.
P. TOWNSEND.
Victoria, 20th May, 1845.
JUST RECEIVED,
ND now open and for sale by the undersigned. AN
A quantity of goods of superior, quality as follows:
Superior Hams. Ditto Starch. Do. Smoked Beef a superior article Vinegar, a quantity of Herbs, Cheese, Choice Beef tongues. in convenient packages, Champaigne Cider. Bologna Says. ages. American Chairs.
ALSO
A quantity of Superior American Butter being the best ever brought to the colony. A quantity of French Prunes, in excellent order, in glass jars and
P. TOWNSEND. Olives Oil. ·
FOR SALE.
BY the undersigned, Mackerel in half bbls., South
American Ŏlives in Kegs.
P. TOWNSEND.
JUST RECEIVED and on sale a quantity of North American Outs, a superior article for
P. TOWNSEND, feeding cattle.
of
paper.
FOR SALE..
consisting of standard works, all the novels the undersigned a large assortment of books, the day, also, sheet Music and books of Tui- tim, Comprador check books, Quills and Office
P. TOWNSEND. Victoria, 1st May, 1845.
FOR SALE. THE House know as the Britains Boast, with THE
land under and adjoining said lot, measures as
On Queen's Road Rear:..
follows.
Fast. West..
144 feet.
.140' do.
66 do. ..100 do.
The Ground rent is about 8150 per year. The above is well worthy the attention of any person wishing to make a profitable investment. For
P. TOWNSEND. particulars apply to
FOR SALE EX PALMYRA."
DATENT bound account Books of Sizes. Super- fine cut Foolscap, do, large Bank Post, do. Bath Past. Gilt edged. tio. Black do. Note paper de, do. Gilt edged, folio Morocco writing cases with leather and extra thick pad, Ladies, and feiers, Silver gold and motto seals, transparent Gents Super Cards, Official do envelopes, Ebony do. Ladie's Sandal Lace Hose, black Silk best maile do., Ingraia colord' do., Goats' Super, Cotton Hose, Best Ladia Rubber Braces, Ladies colored Pulka Mitis, Paris lace Gloves, Black do, do Pars do.. Book and Swiss Muslin, Superfine A the Stures of the undersigned a quaqua
fine Chocolates in tins also a small quanti-Chorked Dresses, Best Silk Umbrellas, Rich figur- ed Silk Parasols, Gents Velvet Nap Paris Hats, ty of Mustard, Sardines, &c.
Glue Cloth Caps, Supertine Black and Blue Cloths, Filot da, fancy worsted Trowsers pieces. Floor Cloth of various dimentions and devices, Navy Canvas Nos. 1 to 6, do, duck, Serving and
Queen's Road. May 8th, 1845. "JUST RECEIVED AND FOR SALE.
SMITH & BRIMELOW.
Victoria, April 22nd, 1945,
JUST IMPORTED 3x » ANN JANE.”
of
AND for sale by F. FUNCK, a few Pairs
Single and four Branched Pinted Candles ticks, decanter Stauds, and Pickle frames.
ALSO,
A few excellent Yorkshire Hams. Cheshire Cheeses and Bellonu Sausages in Tins. first rate condition.
Victoria, 21st May, 1845
"JUST IMPORTED.
All in
DER Oriental and for sale By C. MARKWICK Pattinger Street, a small Batch of Allsops Indian ale in cases of 8 dozens each, also Barclay and Perkins Bottled Porter in cases of 3 dozens each
Victoria, 21st March, 1945.
NOTICE. mae Interest of Mr. A. H. Fryer in our firm, ceased this day the 13th instant, all parties having claims against us are requested to send the same în, and all parties indebted to us are requested to make immediate payment to Mr. T. A. Lane, who will in future carry on the business under the title of Lane & Co. FRYER & LANE
Victoria. 15th February, 1843:
NOTICE.
MR. T. II. ROWLAND has this day been ad- Imitted a Partner in our Business which will
in future be conducted under the title of LANE, ROWLAND, & Co.
Victoria, 1st April, 1845.
FOR SALE.
Jus
LANE & Co
UST RECEINED ex “Bangalors," a superior quantity of Pickles of all descriptions Sauces, of all kinds; splendid preserved Fruits consisting of Gooseberries, Currants Plum's. Apples. Darnsins, Cherries, Greengages, Rhubarb, Husplerry, Straw berry, Ited and Black Currants, superior Almonis Nuts and Prupes. Also, a quantity of superior All sopps, Pale India Ale in 3 dozen csses, Pale
Roping twins, Well parks, shoes, voce lan and lasting Shoes, Wine Corks, Shot Nos. 1 to 5, Gunpowder in canister and cask. Paint Brushes, Turpentine, white Lead, Patent Black varnish, Stockholm pitch and tar &c. &e.
MCEWEN & Co. Victoria, 20th May, 1845.
FOR LEASE OR SALE. THAT advantageously situated Marine Lot east
MCEWEN & Co.
of Messrs. Pybus's godowns newly wall d ani banked in; abatting S. on the Queen's Road 100 ft. E. on a public wharf 70 ft. W. on a Marine, Lot 70 ft, and N. on the sea 100 ft.
For particulars, apply to, Victoria, May 16th 1845. SUPERIOR WINE EX “ANNE JANE.”
E undersigned respectfully invite the attention of the community of Hongkong to an invoice of wines of the very best description from the House of Perigal and Brady, Lombard Street London, which they offer at the following prices:
|
Linen Drill, White and Brown, Irish Linen, Lewon Handkerchiefs, Table Napkins, Huckaback towels, Printed linen, White Counterpanes, Toilet Covers fringed and plain,
|
Veriment of Canton. They were, in fact, the kes pers of the foreign community at that port, exerci H, FRANKLYN has just received and sing a rigid guardianship over their conduct, and ⚫ opened for sale. A larger invoice of the preserved the cider of the community by a vigie following articles, at whole sale prices if taken inant police, and some annoying exactions. Their places of business were in the suburls of Canton, any quantity.
near the points called "factories,” which were the foreign places of abode, and were térined "Hongs." the meaning of which is, a block of hetses fon ting upon the river, and running bark two or three Counter weighing Machines, Patent Steelyards, bundred yards, and divided by small court yurda Sailors Knives, Naval Swords, regulation Infanato five, six or more factories. The residences tary, do. Cavalry, do. Flint, and percussion Gans, of the merchants were of much the some charac ter, although the build ugs were appropriated to Locks, Knives, Seissors, Saddlery.
Victoria, 15th April, 1845.
the storage of gends, the fronts being near the ri ver, wh re the chipboats" could be laden with at Whampoa, witch is ten er twelve miles below me cuandise, in order to be transported to the ships
APARTMENTS TO LET.
And two bedrooms, in a central and healthy Suite of Rooms, consisting of one sitting room situation close to the sea, a fine view of the bay: cook-room, bathing do, and stabling at
ply to
A
W. H. FRANKLYN.
Chinam's Wharf.
Canton.
The supervisor of the Hong me hunts was the hoppo or collector of customs, who was the principal agent appointed by the government for the superintendence of the foreign trade, and who Victoria, 21st March, 1844.
derived the emoluments of his office, not only from FOR SALE.
a stipulated salary, but also from numerous per. CARRIAGE and a pair of Horses, the pro-quisites springing from exortions and fees paid ato perty of Framjee Jamseljee Esq. Apply to W. H. FRANKLYN,
Chinam's Wharf.
his hands by subordinate officers, who were man- darins, that name being given to all who held ei ther a civil or miltary office The Hong iner- chans were also termed "scearity inerchants," da as much as they were responsible to the "hoppo," not only for the payment of datjes, but also for the good condnet of the ship's company to the lu cal goverment of Canton. It has been remarked that
the Hong merchants, or the Co-Hong, as they were named in their collective capacity, enjoyed the exclusive monopoly of the foreign trade, yet this must be taken with some exceptions. This bocause they were out of the long monopoly, were permitted to soll, in liznited parcels, the limit, small shopkeepers who were termed outside men,
bowever, depending upon arrangment, and they sometimes were even allowed, in accordance with an understanding with the Hong merchant to ship off large quantities of silk.
THE CHINA TRADE. The negotiation of a new commercial treaty between the United States and the government of China, by which it is understand that our own commerce with this empire is placed upon the same basis as that of Great Britain, is an important feature of our recent foreign diplomacy. Teat singular people, has, it is well known, heretofore timate intercourse sanctioned among modern civi, lized states, as well by reciprocal treaty, as the kept itself in a great measure aloof from the in law of nations; and the thunder of British batteries along their frontier has induced them to enrol themselves in the Est of governments who meat upon an amicable footing of mutual trade and com
As the Foreign trads, was prosecuted in great merce, and are bound by certain fixed and con-t
Al measure through the agency of the Hong met ventional principles of international law. though there appears yet to be lurking among the chants, they were deemed a fixed body of men, and great body of the Chinese, in Canton, a deep rooted it was difficult for those who had once enlisted in
this body, to retire. This could only be done by. jealousy and hatred of foreigners, which has re- cently manifested itself in some high handed mea- bankruptcy, and as a bankrupt Hong merchant was sures on their part, there is but little doubt that the liable to a sentence of banishment in "Glee," or present arrangement will be of substantial benefit the "Goli Country," that mode of retirement was aftended with other unpleasant causequences. Two to the commerce of this country. By the art of the most responside of the Co-long monopoly ment made with the British government, which as his been remarked, is alleged to be similar to were generally selected as he the "senior Hong mer our own, merchantmen are permitted to water the chants," and upon those, the local government of ports of Canton, Foochowfuo, Amey, Ningpo, and Canton, as well as the other members, endeavo- Shanghai, they complying with certain rules that red to place ali the responsibility of the foreign have been established for the regulation of coin trade. Hunqua and Monqua, hili the last named merco. It is moreover stipulated that Americans office for a long time, and were deemed the agents may trade with any of the native merchants they through which all the communications with foreig ners were proccented. It was made binding upon please, while the Chinese, engage that if any of their native merchants abscond or incur debts the long in rchants to pay to the "hoppo," for the whorities will strive to bring them in justice and, and any mi rehat failing thus to pay such which they are unable to discharge, the proper imperial treasury, the largest amount of du les pos- if those debts are in any mole last, there shall be duties, was to be banishe! to Glee the cold coun no appeal to the former custom of the Hong-aerty to which we have allided, a place situated la chants, by which they were bound to take goo! the northwestern comer of the empire those losses thus incurred.
In consequence of the new aspect thus given to our commercial relations with China, we propose to devote the present paper to a consideration of the rise and progress of our trade with that nation. We are enabled to do so with the greater confidence from the possession of recent materials which have come to hand, An intelligent and respectable in- dividual who has been long practically nequainted with the China trade, has recently compiled a pamphlet, throwing new light upon the subject, and from the authentic information which he has afforded us. we propose to draw somewhat largely. because it is a subject of more than ordinary in terest to the commercial portion of the American public.
na,'
+
|
During the ex stence of the Fast India company wise chafter in China expired in 1931, the Co- lung were bound to make good to them any losses arising from the insolvency of a Hong merchant. Since that period, in order to rise Jesses, the payment of such a fund for certain arbitrary, duties have been exacted i addition to the imperial duties, and are hold under the name of the tins erg) to co-tri- cazaged in the China trade being bouni to co tri- bute to this fund. It was origin ly established in 194, by Pankequa, the general dict or to the Co Hong, who had the shrewdness tɔ exempt taxation many afucks in which he was himself intere tel. The amount collected for each year, has of course varied, but it has been usually quite large, in or- der to pay. subordinate duties to malarins, the debts of flong merchants, and the fees to the gu vernment in Pekin. During one year the consoo chirge" amounted to abát 489,000 tacks, or 500.000 dollars,
It appears that soon after the termination of the war between Great Britain and America, several merchants in New York and Philadelphia being desirous of opening a commerce with Canton, a ship was purchased, called the "Empress of Chi- ‚” of 360 tons burthen, loaded with gensing, and sailed from New York on the 224 of February, 1784, with a view to exchange her cargo for teas and the various sorts of Chinese manufactures This ship was manned with forty-six souls, and probably mounted ten or more guns, carrying be. (ween four and five hun red tons of Chiny 2 que She reached China on the 234 of August, after a voyage of about six months act sail from that port on the 31st of December of the same year, and returned to New York on the 11th of May, ha ving been absent fourteen and a half months. The arrival of the "Empress of Chim," which was ac. compained upon the soyage by two French ships. H. FRANKLYN has just landed has and the Triton and the Fabius, was at that time dee- ined a matter of no little importance, and upon her # for sale fresh Bengal Gram.
entrance at Macao Roads she was visited by the Victoria. 20th May, 1845.
French consul and several gentlemen, when mau-
Old Port in 3 doz. Cases @ 12 doz. Pale Sherry 3 ditto ditto @11-50P do.. Madeira 3 do.. do. € 12 V do.
McEWEN & Co.
Victoria, 5th May, 1945.
W
WH. FRANKLYN, bas for sale 1 Sidney and
2
ALSO.
Just received 4 cases of Black and white Hats,
tual salutations, by the Gring of guns, were passed.
[
The responsibilities of the Hong merchants have rendered the situation anything but enviable. Trev were, in fact, body of police appointed by the 20. vernment to take care of the foreign trade, as well az foreignera, in their ports. Dating the year- 1793. there were tenive Hangy, and in 1308 there fourteen, with the following nurs. Panke qua. Monqua, Fusqus, Chungua. Tonqut, Gnew- qua, Exchin, Munkop, Poonqua, Lyqua, Kinque, Patqua, and Fouqua. In April, of 1934, the med nopoly of the East India com any being at an ent, the Co-Hong consisted of thirteen, whore na mes we here give. Hougin, Mouqua, Pankequá, Goqua, Kinqua, Bagtoo, Mingqua, Santua, Pum- hocpo, sampua, Footae, Lunique, and Tokqus. Many of those Hong merchants, however, failed ultimately some were banished, and large sums were paid in behalf of insolvents from money accu
mulated for that purpes, a considerahin portion of
which came out of the consed fumi.
At that period the city of Macao was in much the same condition as it has been since, until the late
The made in which the business was transacted controversy between the Chinese and the British under the Hong merchants was the following. a quamity of fresh preserved provisions, Guas of government Then a Portuguese settlement at the Upon the arrival of a ship at Wlam; o., the su various sizes, Manila Cheronts, Socu da Lascom-mouth of the Canton river, it had a governor who perengs, or consignee, applied to the ting mor ber and Destournell Claret, fine French Brandy, was nominated by the king of Portugal; yet its chante, to "secure" the ship, which was nuttung very existance depended upon the will of the Chies than receiving the cargo ar bis warehouse, and nese, who had the power of dispo-sessing the Por undertaking to pay the duties to tie government. tuguese at their option, a circunstance that induced! It was umierated that the party who received the Burgo and undertook the payment of the duties, JUST received and open for sale a few Patent (2 careful circumspection dest they should give of
W. 9. FRANKLYN.
Chinani's Wharf
Champace, other wings, and an Invoice of prime
Victoria, 1615 May, 1845. Allsupps ale; at wholesale prices.
Sherry, Cumberland Hams, Berkley Cheese Bulk Portable Shower Baths, with force Pumps, ! fence. This it would seem, is the presunt position was the in lividual to fivenlaft the outward cargo, ot
in Jars, Mustard, Table Salt and various other
LANE ROWLAND & Co. articles.
Victoria, 16th May, 1845.
complete.
Victoria, Bud May. 1813.
* Remarks on China sed the China trade, by R. B. Fothes Brew: Samuel M. Discovo, 101.
at all estats the medium through which it was to be shipped by waż moreurer, customary for the
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