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THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONG-KONG GAZETTE.

THE AMERICAN COTTON CROP. The advices received from New York, by the Great Western Steamer, show that the cotton crop of last year is likely to ex- ceed in amount the most extended estimates which had previously obtained credit in this country. The New York Price Current of the 24th ult. reports the quantity received in the ports, to about the middle of the month, at 2,195,329 bales; and, as cotton was still coming in at the rate of upwards of 40,000 bales in a week, there seems to be little doubt that the entire crop will reach 2,350.000 bales, at the least. The export to Great Britain continues largo, amounting to no less than 1,296,093 bales. As the number of vessels up was still considera. ble, and freights consequently low, there was a strong inducement to ship for this country, and we may reaso Dably expect the export to be increased to fully 1,500,000 bales before the 1st of September. It will be seen, from our report of the Liverpool cotton. market, that the stock in that port, at the present time, far exceeds that of the corresponding period of last year (than about the largest ever known), amounting now to no less than 900,550 bales; and from the quantity of cotton now shipped and shipping, for this country, it is not unlikely to touch a million bales, same time during the next six weeks - Manchester Guardian, June 10, 1843

-The best mode of increasing and cheapening she supply of food was one of the greatest questions that could employ the mind of Statesmen. In 1839, when the price of wheat was 501, it was cul- culated that people paid forty millions of pounds for food. When it rose to 73, they paid sixty millions of pads, thereby depriv ing the people of the ability to consume the manufactures of the country to the extent of this difference, or twenty millions per an- num, on secount of the duties upon the importation of foreign com. He spoke of the law in reference to the health of the people, and characterised it as murderous. Ia reference to the distribution of wheat throughout all classes, he remarked, that it appeared by a calculation which he thought nearly correct, that "there were 10.000.000 of the people who were not csumers of wheat, and he believed that was under the mark; 500,000 consumed 7 ounces. daily + 1,500,0:0, 10 ounces; 3.000.000, 14 ounces : 3,000,000, 17 ounces; 4,000,000, 21 ounces; and 5,000,000 24 ounces daily that gave 170.000; then there were 4,000,000 who lived on oat meal, and 10,000,000 who rejoiced in potatoes. They said they had an adequate supply of food, and yet 10,000,000 of the people never tasted wheat! It was a disgrace to England-it was a scandal upon a prople who prided themselves upon being the most philanthropic in the world. Why not let those 10,000,000 of beings work for their bread ? he wished those 10,000,000 to get as good food as themselves and they could only do it by freeiug their labor and letting them give work in exchange for food. They said they wanted new roarkkes in China and elsewhere; here was one ready to their hands home market of 10,000,000 of their fellow countrymen. Free their labor, and they at once give 10 000.00 customers 10 our manufacturers. Oh, what a shame it was that such a state of things should exist as that we should have po rasny starving hauran creatures, while in New Orleans a positive plague was created from the putrefaction of bauman food, for which they could find no outlet!"

Mr. Villiers,

A NEW BAROMETER-Gispert, a celebrated optician in Paris, has devised a new and catious kind of barometer, which is exci- ting rech attention. It consists of a rural scene, in which two lovers are walking.-The lady carries a parasol, and the gentle. man an umbrella. In fine weather the parasol is opened and raised, while the umbrella hangs in the hand of the gentleman, At the appropach of rain, the parasol is shut and lowered, while the umbrella is opened and raised over the couple. The affair.. costs forty francs, and sells very rapidly. From England, espe- cially, the demand is very great.

New-York Spectator.

FOR CHINA-We learn that John R. Peters Jr, son of ex-Aiderinan Peters, is preparing to visit China in company with Mr. Cushing; we do not know exactly in what diplomatic capacity, if any or whether he holds any appointment under the Government, Mr. Peters is a scientific and practical engineer, and we under - stand that his visit to the Celestial empire has been un dertaken at the suggestion of, or in some way in con- nexion with, the American Institute. He will take out models of machinery, plans, drawings and | probably pro- jects. besides his own skill and experience; all which he will be ready to co-operate with, for the benefit of the Chinese and the extension of commercial intercourse, as occasion may offer, and the Celestials manifest a disposition to innovate upon their old fashions. Who knows but that in a few years there may be a rail.road form Canton to Pekin?

Mr. Peters, we farther understand, in to go out in the steam frigate Missouri, which is to follow the two ships that have sailed for China, as soon as she can be got ready.-New.York Commercial Advertiser.

SINGAPORE.-The Friend of India of the 27th July has the following remarks relative to the prosperity of the settlement of Singapore:

It is impossible to contemplate the state of pros perity which the colony has now reached without a strong feeling of exultation. Here is a maritime en- trepot, in one of the most advantageous commercial postions in the world, to which during the past cat 952 square rigged vessels resorted, and 2824 native vessels from the various ports and islands in the Ar chipelago. The burden of these vessels was 368.600 tons, and the value of the goods they imported and ex ported amounted to fire crores of Rupees.

This settle

ment is maintained at an expense not exceeding 50,0001. a year and this sum is raised on the island iselt All the advantages which it confers, directly and colla erally, on British com

gained without on Earth

Country We

Jonal office could

Importance and ve economy OL British

the Eastern

se to the

Sombay

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ADVERTISEMENTS.»

The public health has hitherto been little cared for by British Statesmen and Gill within the few la years, vital statistics have been wholly neglected or unheeded, Not so on the Continent and France, L' Hygiene Publique has became a science Thanks to the generous efforts of D' Arcet, Orfa Foureroy and Parent-Duchatelet.

We are aware that a Health Committee has been But with one or two exceptions appointed here.

we believe the gentlemen composing the Commit tee have already prescribed duties far more than they can well do. Hence we can hardly hope for that scounts one detailed investigation which this important matter merits, We are aware the existing insalubrity will not escape the notice of the Committee, and any recommendations which may be made by it, w have strong grounds for adoption, but we should like to have a thoroughly searching inquiry and appended thereto, complete returns of the death

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THE FRIEND OF CHINA,

AND HONG-KONG GAZETTE.

VICTORIA, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 5TH, 1843.

We had not space last week to express our sa tisfaction at the Notification we then republished from the Calcutta Gazette..

The inconvenience, not to say mischief, which pertains to the present system of hypothecation in India, is so well pointed out, in this document, that we have only to refer to it, and add our conviction that the promised abolition of the obnoxious-sys- tem is entirely owing to the practical sagacity and earnest efforts of Lord Ellenborough.

We have before had occasion to bestow our poor approval on the report of the Lords Committee on India Products, and which was mainly drawn up by his Lordship.

Our Mercantile readers will share our sentiments in this respect, as they cannot but be glad at the early termination of the Company's advances on produce. A system which only tended to stimulate undue speculation, and the uncertainty in the amount, rate, and time, of such advances, deranged all mercantile calculations; to the great detriment of that safe and regular commerce which inspires confidence and gives a fair return on cautions outlay and prudent investments,

The Merchants connected with the India Trade will have occasion to applaud the enlightened com- mercial policy of the Governor General, and we accept this Notification as an earnest full of promise, and greatly shall we be deceived if the exertions of Lord Ellenborough, in promoting the develop- do not earn for him a fame unsurpassed in history by ment of the vast resources and commerce of India

that of his illustrions predecessors.

We have published a letter of OBSERVER on a subject of painful interest to the Colony. We are glad again to receive a communication from our much esteemed Correspondent. His former letters we may tell him, have been widely read, through the medium of the Indian Papers which transferred them to their Columns. We feared from Obser- VERS long silence that be too had fallen a victim to the prevailing malady,

We quie agree with our Correspondent, that if would be expedient before any further outlay be incurred by individuals or Government to, institute a searching inquiry, with the view if possible of the cause of the insalubrity of the Island, be remediable, to adopt proper precau- vent the recurrence of the present fright-

find that Europeans are not the only suffer- native population has suffered very severe

extent indeed hardly

ous here for many wing to the

This fact ns, but suntives

leave the Island on the first visita We believe fully two hundre Macao, most of whom removed thither eling the first attack of the fever.

since

the first occupation of the Island both ashore and afloat Such an inquiry indeed, as shall admit of no after controversy, and if possible set the question at rest for ever. The issue of th investigation, of unfavorable, then it may be neces sary that a small garrison should remain, but there is no reason why the Merchants and dependents should, risk their health by continuing to reside here, if as is alleged, the truly salubrions and more convenient promontory of Kowloon has been ceded to us by the terms of the Treaty.

There has never been two opinions as to the superior eligibility of Kowloon compared with Hong-Kong as a site for a town. If the jealousy and suspicions of the Chinese would not be aroused by our removal, we would urge the propriety of an immediate occupation of this locality and if would be just, it were first determined to make preferential grants or special allocations in favour of parties who have invested property here, the present residents would be quite contented, and the Indeed i government be put to no expense. would be a gainer, as the land at the new city of Victoria, on the other side of the Bay, would at once. command four or five times as much, as will for some years be realizable here.

We much regret to have had accounts of so many nocturnal outriges during the last ten days. In most cases the burglars made off, as in Lord SALTOUNs' case, without obtaining much plunder, the inmates of the Louse having been aroused.

The vigilance and

courage

of the occupiers of houses are their only save guards against being plundered It is notorious that to reach property, cour-Elinest

burglars do not scruple at making large perforations in the walls, and would take down the side of a house, albeit constructed of masive blocks of stone, if needs he

We would especially urge on all new comers to take every precaution of watchfulness, as a fresh arrivalis invariably selected for a victim. We hardly know one who has not been a sufferer by these depredators; a recent case we are sorry to learn for a serious amount

ROBBERY OF THE ARTILLERY.-The quantity Ammunition stolen from the battery on the Evening of the 25th ult was 30 six pound cartridges and 21 thirty two's, 2 barrels of Musket cartridges were found on the beach supposed to be ready for placing diately and examined the Lorchas which lay at AB in the boat. Two boats went in pursuit almost imme.

chor and where the boat was seen to proceed-but no traces of the stolen property could be found.

On Wednesday Evening the 27th ult. a tent, behind the Artillery Hospital was robbed in which two men were stationed. The thieves cut a large hole in the tent and carried off their booty.

CANTON MARKETS.

IMPORTS.

AMERICAN DOMESTICs. $2,35 per piece.

large supplies known to be on the way have de pressed the market. BETEL NUT 1,60 to $2.60 per picul. W hear of no transactions. Recent importation have checked the advance in prices. COCHINEAL 385 to 395 per picul. Nothing dong

Stock large. COTTON. Bombay 5,8 to 6,8 taels. Some aler are reported and for the better qualities; nigner rates than the above might be

btained. Maret oto 15 notransactions Bengal 6 to 1,5, a jeg

COTTON

parcels have changed hand

cal feeted GIXBENO

No. 18 to 32 424 to $26 per P Stock large but some sales have been

$30 to $40 per picul & Nothing don Stock heavy TRON. The quotations are nominal, and noth

LONG CLOTHS.

82.70 to $2.80.