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THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZETTE.

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cadence. According to Mr. Ward, in Mexico, during the years of 1811 @ 1828 the average of the coined metals was only ten millions a-year whilst in 1810 it had risen to 20,500,000 dollars.

According to Mr. Jacob, (who in a work upon the PRECIOUS METALS, reunited and compared all

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Great Britain, is calculated with excess, in the saine proportion as the con

consumption of France, or a one- fourth. There is no doubt that during late years, there has been a considerable increase in the con sumption of Gilded and Plated articles, but much better evidence is wanted, than that which is now clusion that a sum so large as 8 11.353,202 could be appropriated to such objects.

the thested upon this matter) possessed by the Public, to guarantee the con-

the total

The consumption of Switzerland according to Mr Jacob's statement is probably dorrect enough, But the amount which he allots to all the other countries of Europe, appears to us quite as exag gorated as that which he a si Trance and England. According to M

the consuinp tion will be as follows Great Britain France Switzerland

The rest of Europe America

the American mines, includ- ing those of Brazil during the twenty years termi. nating in 1820, may be estimated at 379,937,731 Dollars-or 18,990,945 yearly which is considerably less than half the Amount which was produced at the beginning of this Century..

The mines in Europe likewise declined during the twenty Years we speak of; but there was a very material augmentation in the Product of the Mines in Rusha According to Humboldt this Product amounted to 5,898,099 dollars. So, that by forming a basis upon the calculations of Hum boldt and Jacob and calculating the total annual Product of the American and European Mines to be 24,804,884 dollars, there would result from 1810 to 1829-inclusive, an annual Deficit of 18,605, 116, or of 372,102,320 in the total amount. We have seen another calculation in the Quarterly Re-

* Or Dollars 21,070,054 view, which makes the product of Precious Metals to of

This computation is probably still too ng during that period aseend-to-23,890,000 dollars According to Humbolt the total consumption of Dollars, and adding to this amount #1,411,764–5) besides that of coinage, amounts to 17,436,400

Rials for the consumption of America, the total sun would be $18,848,164, which is 32,521,889 less than the calculation of McCulloch, and no less than 88,919,541 under that of Mr Jacob.

annually, or 455,020,000 in all, and to 1,164,000 for the demand of them, for all the objects of circula tion, coining,

ning, arts, and consumption of wear and tare, loss and other accidents, there still remains a remains a Deficit of 708,880,000 dollars. That is to say that this Defiest may very well be calculated at 540,241,160 up to 1829; the diminution of Gold, however, has not been so large as that of Silver, as the decrease which was experienced in the first of those two metals in New Granada, the Brazils, and Chile, was compensated by the increase which they have had in Russia and the United States of America. --

100

204118 300.000

£1,368,224

cleaned of its woody and useloss parts, which, whilst it improves the cordlago, considerably increases the cost from the greator loss of material sells at 88 per pecul, tho.ordinary kind at $65) in this process. At present the steam Cordag›

About 16 Piculs can be produced daily. Thi forty natives are employed, whose average daily cost of the raw material is 81 per Picul, nearly

which costs $1 25 the_talarun--contents 79 pay is about 38 cents. The engine fuel is wood, cubic feet.

Captain Charles Richards, who lately distinguish-

NAVAL OFFICERS DISTINGUISHED IN CHINA.-

ed himself in China, and was hondurably mention- ed in Sir William Parker's dispatches; has been seized with serious illness in consequence of the 842016

hardships he endured. Capt. Cichards was in the 866,190 ||| Albion at the battle of Algiers. He was long sta- 355,000 toned at Portsmouth in the Victory and Britannia, and was flag-hieutenant to Admiral Bouverie, when superintendent of the dockyard.--Captain Peter Richards, of the Cornwallis, who was also honor- ably named in the Admiral's dispatches, was first lieutenant of the Queen Charlotte' at the battle of

Chinghae and Segahon, as Algiers, and served on shore at the attack upon foo, Captain Bourchier, 0, 4, hans been in all the as at Chin-keang- affairs in China. He commanded a brigade of seamen at the capture of Canton, was engaged at Amoy and Chinghas, and at the attack upon the camp at Segahon, as well as at Chin-keang-foo- Commander R. B. Watson was first-lieutenant of the Calliope at the capture of the forts at the Boc- ca Tigris and Canton; commander of the Blen- heim at Amoy, and of the Modeste at Chinghae and Segahon, Commander, W. Maitland, who killed We have much pleasure in translating tenant of the Benbow at the attack upon Tortosa two mandarins at Chin-keang-foo, was first lieu and publishing the following communica- and bombardment of St. Jean d'Acre.-Lieut. tion, from an intelligent foreign correspon- W. T. Bate, who had the honour of capturing a dent, We are truly glad to observe and Mandarine single-handed, was mate of the Bien- applaud any attempt to open up the abound.heim, and was wounded at Canton in 1841, and has served in all the affairs in China. who died

MANILA

hithertoo been

Whilst the amount of these Precious metals de- creased, however, during the same 20 years, the commerce, wealth, civilization, and population of Europe had very much increased, and the lattering resources of the Phillipine Islands ascended to 190 millions in 1810, and to - European arts and industr 240 millions in 1880. The circulating medium almost unknown in the Philippine Islands Of was augmented in that epoch, for reasons which late an attempt has been made introduce them. we shall explain, in absolute quantity, at least 10 and it is much to be wished that this first enter- per cent.

Storck in correcting the calculations of prise may be sucessful, as if so, there a little doubt Humboldt, computes that the circulation of Metals that other individuals will be disposed to engage in Europe, which in 1815 amounted 1320 millions in undertakings, which may develop the great, but of dollars, in 1830 was increased to 1600; being very imperfectly known resources of these rich in a great measure on account of England with- Islands. drawing her Paper money, and resuming Cash Payments, and likewise through Russia, Austria, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and the United States having followed her example; besides the consumption of Gold and Silver wrought up into *Plate, Jewels, and other artificial objects, -—-

considerably augmented.

2014

Gold and Silver serve either for the

coinage, or that

loss to learn in who

to these objects, dumn

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they were pochs

that proportion perpetually varied with

cumstances of cadit.

large or small iss

in which the use

the various meth

economize the circulatio

small riches of

vagilla, the

was enjoyed at th

other circumstance

great and

Mr. Jacob,

are annual

objects of spl Great Britain, France Switzerland The rest of F And tha

the same

per money and honey is di

cur by according to

Ila moda

An American named Mr O'Keating has lately established in the environ

Bate

was a son of the late Captain Bate, when Governor of Ascension.-Hants Standard. NORTH EAST PASSAGE TO CHINA —In the great re- volution in nautical affairs, which, by science and per severance in exploring different parts of the globe is in greatest maritime nation of the world has never yet course of accomplishment, it is extraordinary that the directed its attention to a N. E. passage to China ; in vain have individuals attempted for several successive years to explore a N. W. passage under those able navigators. Parry, Ross, Franklin, Back, &c. Even the Russian Government is at this moment organizing at St.. Petersburg a land expedition for exploring the the northern coast of Siberia + simultâneous-- this enterprise, what a desirable opportunity itsdf for her Majesty's government to teamer from England to Archangel-there her coals, take in her pilots, and also scientific This no doubt, the Emperor of Russia who has

large sum of money for the purpose, would: very glad to avail himself of, and give the expedi tion every assistance. From Archangel the steamer would immediately proceed to Pickoron, and obtain fevermen, and pilots to pase through Waygate Sound into the Nor Zembla Seas, and endeavour to double ostachro Noss on the N E Cape of Russian lying in latitude 78 30 N. Once having round- this Cape, the coast suddenly branches to the S., and no doubt the navigation through the Archipelago of the Leba to Behring's Straits, is always more or less open and unobstructed in the summer, for it is well,

wn that the Russian hunters, in their very defec

or country boats made of hides, bave na- hipelago and coast for upwards of 200 hrings Straits to Kamschatka, through Teentsin, Chusan, &c, could be Various circumstances for the such an enterprise for years Zdanger

The data on

are in eve much so

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Mr Jacob

Into