SUPPLEMENT TO THE HONGKONG GOVE GAZETTE OF 27TH JUNE, 1885. 569
On the 15th the barometer rose at all these stations, SW breezes prevailed except is southern Formosa, where the breeze cune from NW. By this time Typhoon XIII had made its appearance in southern Japan. It has been investigated by Mr. KNIPPING, who considers, that it did not come from the sea developed but grew in the immediate vicinity of the coast. Now it is evident from the data mentioned above, that it came from the south and that it passed northwards, while still far to the East of Formosa, but it is very likely that it did not develope itself fully till near the coast of Japan.
It is possible, that its course was influenced by the progress of Typhoon XII on the mainland, although that Typhoon was then in a very feeble condition.
The weather-maps published at barometric changes had been slight. or slight rain on the south coast. generally fair weather were expected.
Tokio on the 14th show only a slight general gradient and the The temperature was rather high all over Japan with rain-clouds Elsewhere the weather was mostly clear. Variable winds and
Nine hours later, at 6 a. on the 15th, a very deep depression was off Kii peninsula with steep gradients and a fall of 0.55 inches at Wakayama, the station nearest the centre and yet about 50 miles from it. The centre appears to have been in 33° 10′ N, 135° 43′ E. The lowest reading of the barometer reported was 27.87 at 11 h. 30 m. a.
away
At 2 p. on the 15th, the centre was in 35° 35′ N, 139° 0′ E. It took the central calm 4 minutes to pass across Hamamatsu, from which Mr. KNIPPING concludes, that its diameter was 2 nautical miles. At 9 p. the centre was in 38° 0′ N, 141° 50′ E.
After the passage of this storm the pressure remained rather low in the west, and the temperature rather high in the whole south, and before the damage done to the telegraph lines could be repaired, a second storm approached Kiushiu.
At 10 a. on the 15th, I wrote in the China Coast Meteorological Register: The Typhoon appears to have recurved inland in China, to have re-entered the sea north of Shanghai and to be moving towards Japan, but its energy seems to be expended,' and I have no doubt, that the storm then approaching western Japan was identical with Typhoon XII, that had raged in Hongkong on the 11th, and that it regained its energy over the sea.
It must be confessed, that its course across the sea from Shanghai to Nagasaki was remarkably slow, but this may have been caused by the anticyclonic area following in the wake of Typhoon XIII. There seem to be no observations available for the more minute investigation of its passage across the sea. It is to be hoped, that observations from Port Hamilton will in similar cases in future remedy that defect.
At 2 p. on the 16th, the centre was evidently west of Kiushiu and was moving slowly eastward. At 6 a. on the 17th, it appears to have been in 32° 10′ N, 129° 30′ E. Mr. KNIPPING wrote: 'A depression has appeared in the W, with a heavy fall of pressure in Kiushiu, a decided rise on part of the Southern and Eastern coast; readings ranging from 30.04 inches on the Eastern coast to 29.53 at Saga. Easterly winds, strong in the extreme W, prevail with cloudy weather, fog on the NW coast, slight rain in Kiushiu.'
At 2 p. on the 17th, the centre was in 33° 40′ N, 131° 0′ E. Mr. KNIPPING wrote: "The barometer has fallen at all stations, much in the W; with mostly Easterly winds and cloudy weather, some rain.* At 9 p. the centre was in 34° 20′ N, 133° 30′ E and at 6 a. on the 18th in 35° 30′ N, 138° 0′ E. There fell much rain in central Japan. At 2 p. in the afternoon it had passed into the Pacific.
Both these storms were unusually severe and winds blowing with full typhoon force are stated to have been encountered. The S. S. City of Tokio from San Francisco to Yokohama, encountered 1400 miles east of Tokio in 35o. 4 N, 170°. 4 E, on the 27th September a strong southern gale backing through E to N with the barometer down to 29.37 and Mr. KNIPPING states, that if this should prove to have been the same storm, its progress in the Pacific was much less than in Japan, namely 6 or 7 nautical miles per hour, while its rate of progress on the 17th was about 20 miles and on the 18th about 30 miles per hour.
Meantime gentle winds and fine weather had reigned over Southern China. The barometer reached its maximum 29.95 at 10 a. on the 17th in Manila and the same day also at S. Cape. The gentle W breeze, which blew in the latter place the previous day had veered to NE and increased in force during the following days. The weather was fine. SW breezes appear to have continued over Luzon till the morning of the 19th, when a gentle NW breeze and detached clouds were reported from Bolinao. I notified in the morning, that it was possible that a new depression was approaching from the East. Moderate E breezes prevailed along the southern coast of China, fresh NE breezes in the Straits and N breezes in the neighbourhood of Shanghai.
On the morning of the 19th a moderate NE breeze blew at S. Cape and the weather became misty with passing showers of rain. In the evening a fresh NW gale was reported from Bolinao and a strong NE breeze blew at S. Cape. Rain fell in both places and shocks of earthquakes were felt in Luzon.
At 10 a. the centre of Typhoon XIV must have been about 16° N, 1214 E and at 10 a. on the 20th in 185° N, 1221° E. At the latter hour a strong WNW gale with overcast weather was
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