TNAG-2856-FCO40-4109-Hong-Kong-compensation-claim-regarding-Korean-Air-Lines-Flig-1993 — Page 133

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4.3

Guidance on the use of weather radar in long range navigation has been included in the North Atlantic MNPS Airspace Operations Manual and the North Pacific Airspace Operations Manual published since 1983.

4.4

Significant enhancements in the fields of communications, navigation and surveillance have been implemented since 1983 for operations in the NOPAC route system. The United States has integrated several civil and military surveillance radars into the Anchorage ARTCC. Mandatory navigation cross-checking procedures have been implemented. Following the signing in 1985 of a trilateral Memorandum of Understanding between Japan, the USSR and the United States, a dedicated voice circuit was commissioned in 1986 between Anchorage, Khabarovsk and Tokyo, with corresponding operating procedures. Further improvements are being pursued between the Russian Federation and the United States to accommodate a growing demand for safe, regular, efficient and economical civil flight operations in the area.

5.

5.1

RECOMMENDATION

It is recommended that where existing aircraft are not already fitted with a clear indication when the autopilot and flight director are in the heading mode:

a) operators remind crews of the consequences of leaving the autopilot and flight

director in heading select mode;

b) procedures for long-range navigation include a specific check that INS has captured

the navigation mode before entering oceanic airspace; and

c) consideration be given to retrofitting all aircraft not so equipped with a mode

annunciator with an indication of "heading select" mode operation.