November 1992 to review the Protocol's control measures. Agreement was reached to tighten the controls on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs - used in refrigeration, air conditioning and aerosols), carbon tetrachloride (used as a chemical intermediary in rubberised paints and pesticides), and 1,1,1 trichloroethane (used as a solvent in metal degreasing, some electronics and general engineering applications) by bringing forward their phase out to 1 January 1996, with a 50% interim cut for 1,1,1 trichloroethane by 1/1/94, a 75% cut for CFCs by 1/1/94 and an 85% cut for carbon tetrachloride by 1/1/95. Halons (fire fighting chemicals) are now to be phased out by 1 January 1994. The adjustments on CFCS 11, 12, 113, 114, 115 and halons are binding on all Parties to the Protocol. The adjustments on all other fully halogenated CFCS; 1, 1, 1 trichloroethane and carbon tetrachloride are binding on all Parties to the London Amendment. The adjustments will enter into force six months from the date of circulation of the communication by the Depository. This has yet to be received.
Amendment (pages 36-45 of the Report of the Fourth Meeting of the Parties)
4.
Controls were also introduced on hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs - used as a temporary replacement for CFCs), Hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs - used as a replacement for halons) and methyl bromide (used as a fumigant) for the first time. The new controls on HCFCs are as follows: freeze on consumption from 1996 based on 3.1% of 1989 calculated level of CFC consumption plus the total calculated level of 1989 HCFC consumption; 35% cut by 2004; 65% cut by 2010; 90% cut by 2015, 99.5% cut by 2020 and 100% cut by 2030. HBCFs are to be phased out by 1 January 1996. For methyl bromide there is to be a freeze on production and consumption at 1991 levels from 1 January 1995. This Amendment will enter into force on 1 January 1994 provided that at least twenty instruments of ratification have been deposited. In the event that this condition is not fulfilled by that date, the Amendment will enter into force on the ninetieth day after the deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification.
Trade with States not party to the Protocol
5. HBFCS - the Amendment also provides for the import from and export to States not party to the Protocol to be banned within one year of entry into force of the revised Protocol.
(ie 1 January 1994, provided that at least twenty instruments of ratification have been deposited, otherwise ninety days after deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification).
Finance
6. Decision IV/18 established the Financial Mechanism, including the Multilateral Fund provided for in Article 10 of the Protocol (as amended by the London Amendment), making the Fund operative from 1 January 1993. The level of contributions to the Fund was set at $113.34 million for 1993 with a commitment to replenish at least at that level for 1994. A report on the operation of the Financial Mechanism is
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