Figure 2.2 Service Sector in Guangdong
Hong Kong and Guangdong Service Sector Employment in 1990
Construction
Transport
Commerce
Real Estate
Health Care
Education
Banking
Government
Others
口
0
0.1
0.2
0.4
Hong Kong
Guangdong
0.5
0.6
0.3
Proportion of service sector employment
Guangdong Service Sector Employment Change 1982-1990
Construction
Transport
Commerce
Real Estate
Health Care
Education
1982
1990
Finance
Government
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000 2,000,000
2,500,000
Persons
Source: Study Team's Database
Employment in banking and insurance services has also more than doubled - though this sector remains small and immature by international standards, accounting for less than 3 per cent of service sector employment and with a narrow range of activities. The statistics on employment in transport show only a modest growth of 33 per cent it is, however, believed that, with the growth of own account transport, much activity in this sector is now recorded elsewhere in the statistics.
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2.15 Guangzhou accounts for about 27 per cent of output from the province's service sector and 20 per cent of its employment. It is by far the most important service sector centre in Guangdong. Shenzhen now contributes about 10 per cent of output. Guangzhou's predominance has, however, declined as other smaller service centres particularly in the Pearl River delta have grown.
2.16 Despite the rapid recent growth, the province's
service sector industries remain immature, particularly in relation to Hong Kong. The retailing, tourism and financial sectors are small. A useful assessment of the present state of development in the province can be made by comparing employment in the construction and service sectors with employment in these sectors in Hong Kong. The 1990 employment in these sectors in Guangdong was 17 per cent of total employment (up from 14 per cent in 1982). However, in Hong Kong in the same year, these two sectors accounted for 59 per cent of employment. A detailed sub-sector comparison of service sector employment in Hong Kong and Guangdong is provided in Figure 2.2.
Trade
2.17 A diagrammatic representation of trade flows emphasising the current symbiotic trade relationship between Guangdong and Hong Kong is shown as Figure 2.3. The province's heavy reliance on the ports and services in Hong Kong is clear.
Foreign Investment
2.18 In 1991 it was estimated that over HK$ 6,000 million had been invested by foreign enterprises in Guangdong (source: Consultants' update of information for 1990 from the Federation of Hong Kong Industries). Total industrial output in 1991 was estimated to be Rmb 200.8 billion (1990 prices) - up from Rmb 129.3 billion (again in 1990 prices) in 1988 - an annualised real growth rate of 15.8 per cent. In 1990, Rmb 148.7 billion (74 per cent) of this output came from enterprises located in the Pearl River Delta and Rmb 45.9 billion (23 per cent) from the special economic zones.
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Inadequate infrastructure causing traffic delays
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