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affect her nationality." This is a major advance in China's nationality laws which in the past were colored by the patriarchal society in exis- tence at the time of their enactment.
D. Nonrecognition and Reduction of Dual Nationality
Another salient feature of China's new Nationality Law is its treatment of dual nationality. At the outset of the law, article 3 suc- cinctly proclaims that the PRC refuses to "recognise dual nationality for any Chinese national." This principle is explicated throughout the 1980 law, and is designed to reduce the occurrence of duality. These provisions represent a growing sensitivity to international problems in- volving dual nationality, a reality ignored by the 1929 law, though ac- knowledged in the first two nationality laws. The policy of nonrecogni- tion of dual nationality provides that a Chinese national's foreign nationality may be valid under the law of the foreign country, but it will not be recognized or accepted by the PRC; China will treat a dual national only as Chinese. As a statement of principle, article 3 is con- sistent with customary international law and the Hague Convention
27. Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, G.A. Res. 2263, 22 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 35, U.N. Doc. A/6716 (1967). The 1930 Hague Conven- tion on the Conflict of Nationality Laws, 179 L.N.T.S. 91, contains provisions to mitigate the artificial and technical principle that a woman's nationality is based on her hus- band's, and to enable women under certain conditions to retain premarital nationality. Id. arts. 8-11. The 1957 Convention on the Nationality of Married Women, 11 U.N. GAOR Supp. (Nò. 17) at 18, U.N. Doc. A/3572 (1956) provides that “neither the celebra- tion nor the dissolution of marriage between one of its nationals and an alien, nor the change of nationality by the husband during marriage shall automatically affect the na- tionality of the wife.” The Convention provides for facilitating, through naturalization, the voluntary acquisition by an alien wife of her husband's nationality. Id. art. 1. The 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 34 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 46) at 193. U.N. Doc. A/Res./34-180 (1979),-of which China is a member, stipulates that:
1. State Parties shall grant women equal rights with men to acquire, change or retain their nationality. They shall ensure in particular that neither marriage to an alien nor change of nationality by the husband during marriage shall auto- matically change the nationality of the wife, render her stateless or force upon her the nationality of the husband.
2. State Parties shall grant women equal rights with men with respect to the nationality of their children.
Id. art. 9. See also N. HEVENER, INTERNATIONAL Law and the Status of Women 194, 197 (1983); UNIFO, International Human Rights Instruments of the United Nations 1948-1952 51 (1983) (collected and arranged by the UNIFO editorial staff, Pleasantville, N.Y.) [hereinafter cited as Int'l Human Rights InstrumENTS).
28. See the 1930 Hague Convention on the Conflict of Nationality Laws, supra note 27; and the European Convention on the Reduction of Cases of Multiple Nationality and Military Obligations in Cases of Multiple Nationality (1963), arts. 1(1) & 2(1), Europ.
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