(2)
(3)
(4)
How, in such circumstances, an administrative elite can become insensitive to non-confrontational demands for change; and how in a period of reform, this could be counter-productive;
How the practical emphasis for government managers will have to be on application of the principles of good administration, rather than on remedies for instances of bad administration;
How clear guidance from senior administrators is essential if new procedures and attitudes are to be taken seriously by junior officials.
17
The principles suggested by the Commonwealth Secretariat were:
(a) The Right to be Heard
The Commonwealth Secretariat writes:
"An administrative decision may directly affect the
rights, liberties and interests of an individual or group. Whenever possible, the individual or group involved should be given the opportunity to put forward facts, arguments, or evidence which can be taken into account by the relevant public official or authority before a final decision is taken.
(b) Access to Information
(c)
The Commonwealth Secretariat writes:
"In order to make effective the right to be heard,
disclosure should be given beforehand and by appropriate means, concerning the relevant factors. which the public official,will take into account in reaching a decision.
Assistance and Representation
1:
The Commonwealth Secretariat writes:-
"It should be possible for affected person or groups to be assisted or represented in the administrative process wherever practicable."
(d) Statement of Reasons
The Commonwealth Secretariat writes:
"Administrative acts should be made on the basis of
reasons which are, or can be on request, be made
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