(b) Immigration and claims to asylum, where the continuing pressure of immigration from certain parts of the world makes it necessary to operate tight controls and apply rigorous investigative procedures which may involve inconvenience or distress for the individuals concerned;
(c) The extent to which direct and indirect discrimination on grounds of race and sex is still practised by individuals and institutions, not only in ways which are prohibited by law but often in subtle and even unconscious ways which are difficult to identify and even more difficult to correct;
(d) The difficulty of conducting fair and impartial investigations, the results of which will command general acceptance and public confidence, into complaints of misconduct by public officials, members of the security forces or others, or into alleged miscarriages of justice in the three areas indicated in (a)-(c) above.
10. These matters are dealt with in more detail in part II as they arise under the different articles of the Covenant.
11.
The United Kingdom is a unitary State and comprises England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland; references in this report to "Great Britain" refer to England and Wales and Scotland taken together. Scotland and to some extent Northern Ireland have separate legal systems from that applying in England and Wales, but similar principles apply throughout the United Kingdom.
12.
This report is followed by reports by the States of Jersey and Guernsey and the Government of the Isle of Man (part II).
13.
The Government intends to make the text of these reports, together with the initial and second reports and the summary records of the examinations by the Committee widely available throughout the United Kingdom.
14. A supplementary report describing the position in the United Kingdom's Dependent Territories is also submitted (part III).
B. Information relating to articles in parts I, II and III of the Covenant
15.
The following information is supplementary to that provided in the first and second reports of the United Kingdom in August 1977 and August 1984 and given by the United Kingdom delegation at the meetings of the Human Rights Committee which discussed these reports. Articles in relation to which no new legislative or administrative developments have occurred are not included in this report (i.e. arts. 5, 8, 11, 16 and 26). As in the past, the United Kingdom has provided information as fully as possible. Inclusion of particular points does not necessarily mean that the United Kingdom considers that they fall within the scope of particular articles of the Covenant.
16.
Article 1
Successive British Governments have since 1945 consistently promoted self-government and independence in the dependent territories of the United Kingdom in accordance with the wishes of the inhabitants and the provisions of the United Nations Charter. The United Kingdom's policy towards the dependent territories for which the United Kingdom is still responsible continues to be founded on respect for the inalienable right of peoples to
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