founded in 1922, and is a non-political body whose objectives are to advance the study of public administration and to promote an exchange of information and ideas. From the early 1950's, the Institute has come into increasing contact with overseas countries and has provided a variety of services to governments and to international agencies, particularly in the assessment of training needs for government departments and the establishment of National Institutes of Public Administration. The Parliamentary Human Rights Group (PHRG), founded in 1976, is an independent forum within the British parliament concerned with the defence of international human rights. Its members are drawn from the House of Commons and the House of Lords, and represent the major national political parties in Britain. One of the Group's objectives is to work for the implementation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms established in international law.
5. After 1997, disputes between Beijing and its Special Administrative Region are inevitable: only their scale and seriousness is in doubt. The handling of the protests in Tiananmen Square in 1989 indicated at the least that China's political institutions do not provide the means of resolving conflicts regarded as threatening to the mainland's socialist system, and that a serious dispute can result in the mobilisation of the Chinese army, and the use by its personnel of considerable violence against unarmed civilians. From 1997, the People's Liberation Army will be stationed in HK. I understand that this provides part of the context within which the fears of people in Hongkong need to be addressed. But it means, equally, that in approaching relevant issues, there is a need to examine if there exist ways of inspiring confidence into relevant relationships, well as taking care always to note those which could undermine it further. Again, I recognise the sensitivity in this.
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6. It is arguable that if people concerned about the future of Hongkong concentrate all their energy on the absence of sufficient legal guarantees for autonomy, and the defective level of justiciability of crucially important areas of PRC action, vital as these are, they may miss the opportunity of seeing whether it is possible to mould a shared understanding between now and 1997 between officials in China and Hongkong as to [a] the methods by which each of them set administrative priorities for their respective territories, and [b] the approach each of them would like to employ given the need for a stable resolution of such conflicts as will occur in areas where their joint or sole writ will run. Hearing the views of others as to whether this is a realistic discussion is one reason for my travel to Hongkong.
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