Rays (including ion beams,
MATERIAL MODIFICATION BY RADIATION
electron beams, neutron streams
and
X-rays)
can
all induce
characteristics
certain
changes
in
the basic
phenomonen
This of matter (biotic or abiotic).
can be used to modify solid materials for productive use.
Ion Implantation Technology
An ion beam is a beam of electronic particles.
We can use an accelerator to accelerate the
element to give them enough speed to penetrate into the
This is called ion
ions
of an
surface
implantation.
The
ion
electronic,
optical,
of
solid
material.
implantation
of
the material may modify
mechanical and chemical properties of the material. If silicon is
implanted with three-valence B+ ion it becomes a hole
P type semi-conductor.
conduction
P+
If it is implanted with five-valence
ion it becomes the N-type semi-conductor. Ionic implantation with
its
way
accurate penetration characteristics has
become an advanced
integrated
of manufacturing semi-conductors and large-scale
circuits.
of a
Ionic implantation can increase the surface hardness
solid material, its abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and
in the world, the fatigue
Even the hardest material strength.
diamond, can be made harder by ion implantation.
Research
has shown that diamond dies can be made to
last
twice
to four times as long through
injection moulds made from die steel can be made to
ion
implantation.
Plastic
5-10
last 6-11
times longer.
Milling
tools and hobs made from tool steel
can
have
their service life prolonged
times. about four
Bearings,
lubrication nozzles, steam turbine blades can have their service
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