TNAG-1508-FCO40-2066-Guangdong-nuclear-power-station-project-at-Daya-Bay-safety-c-1987 — Page 113

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2.

Isotopic meters

The physical effects of absorption, scattering, excitation

and ionisation brought about by the interactions between rays and substances can be used to produce many kinds of isotopic meters such as locators, densimeter, neutron moisture-measuring apparatus, nondestructive flaw detectors, isotopic fluor -analyser, mine-locators. etc.

3. Radioactivity modification

and

Rays can improve the properties of materials and improve their quality They are therefore widely used in the modification of plastics, metal,/semiconductor materials. Rays can also be used to kill insects and germs. So, they are playing an important role in the storage of food, the disinfecting of materials for medical use and the treatment of the 3 wastes(waste gas, waste water and industrial residual).

4. Analytical technology

Making use of the fact that rays induce nuclear reactions in substances irradiated by them, detailed analyses of material and samples can be carried out. Moreover the special feature of radioisotopes having a half-life can be applied to geological testing and biology dating.

5. Radioactive effects

Rays released from radioisotopes can be transformed into electricity or light. They can also ionise air to remove static in it. Isotopic cells made from radioisotopes have been used in space airships. Light transformed from rays released by isotopes can be used to make long-life nuclear lights for use as runway and mine markers.

The scope for the application of isotopes and rays is far greater than that described above. Since we now know the law of interactions between rays and substances, we can effectively take rein of nuclear energy and bring it to work for the well-being of mankind.