E/CN.4/1503 Annex I page 5
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15. Tensions between the ruling Tutsi and the majority Hutu (85 per cent of the population of then some 3.5 million) had been present from the time of independence in 1962. After a military takeover in 1966 and the proclamation of a republic by Michel Micombero, the country's constitution was suspended and minor uprisings were vigorously dealt with.
Hutu advancement was not encouraged, and some analysts have gone so far as to suggest that the large-scale repression of 1972 was planned in advance by government extremists who had not forgotten the Hutu massacres of Tutsi in neighbouring Rwanda a few years earlier.
16.
Between May 1972 and August 1973, approximately 140 000 Barundi, most of them Hutu, sought asylum in Rwanda, Tanzania and Zaire. The largest exodus was from the capital and from the southern parts of Burundi, a high proportion widows and children of school age.
17.
In response to successive appeals from the Governments in the countries of asylum, emergency aid was provided by the international community followed by a programme of rural settle- ment. In Tanzania,
In Tanzania, relief and rural
relief and rural settlement measures were carried out under tripartite agreements between the Government, the Lutheran World Federation/ Tanganyika Christian Refugee Service and UNHCR. In Rwanda and Zaire, the Rwanda Red Cross, supported by international personnel of the League of Red Cross Societies, and Catholic Relief Services respectively took the lead in the relief phase and the Association internationale de développement rural (AIDR) was UNHCR's operational partner in establishing rural settlements.
18. Most of the Barundi refugees became self-supporting within two to three years. In Tanzania, several tens of thousands had to be transferred to an alternative site after the princi- pal settlement in Ulyankulu, Tabora region, proved
region, proved inadequate for the swelling numbers. In Zaire, land was made available
only in mid-1976, by which time a high proportion of the refugees were believed to have crossed into Tanzania or had managed to attain a degree of self-sufficiency with only marginal assistance from the international community. In 1977, following the overthrow of President Micombero by Lt-Col. Jean Baptiste Bagaza and the announcement of an amnesty, several thousand Barundi refugees returned home spontaneously.
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