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9.
There have been mass movements of people throughout
history. Most have been by land but large-scale sea migrations
have also occurred.
Australia is the product of one such migration.
effects.
The movements have been spectacular and had far-reaching
Political pressures have provided some notable examples.
For example, after the Russian Revolution and Civil War,
about 1,500,000 people moved out of Russia; over a million
Armenians moved out of Turkey between 1915 and 1923; over 500,000
Spanish loyalists moved into France after the Spanish Civil War.
More recently, after the Hungarian Revolution in 1956,
over 203,000 people left that country, and it is estimated that
approximately 3,700,000 people fled East Germany between 1945 and
1961 when the Berlin Wall was built.
I
Ethno-religious disputes have forced mass movements.
We
can go back to 1492 when Spain expelled 150,000 Jews, or 1685 when
France forced out about 400,000 Huguenots. The example perhaps
uppermost in many people's minds would be the 400,000 Jews forced
out of Germany by the policies of the Third Reich in the 1930s.
Even these figures pale into insignificance when
we contemplate the movement of 18,000,000 Hindus from Pakistan
and Moslems from India, following the partition of the Indian
sub-continent in 1947.
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