revenue earning projects but, in some territories, we must also sub- sidise a reasonable standard of living for the inhabitants.
6.4 Dependence on capital aid funds and manpower aid need not be a bar to constitutional independence. In fact this can lead to an influx of offers from other donor countries and organisations, which were reluctant to help the territory as a colony. Also, most independence settlements nowadays contain a fairly comprehensive aid agreement.
6.5 Until recently, dependence on budgetary aid has been regarded as a bar to independence unless there was clear prospect that this dependence was short term, since there are difficulties in maintaining control without interference inappropriate for an independent country. In granting independence to Tuvalu, however, we accepted that finan- cial independence at any time was in doubt.
6.6 Should we aid development only to that extent which can continue to be supported by local resources (a point which has already been passed by St Helena), or should we aim to improve social services to a standard more near to that of the UK (necessary anyhow if we integrate) and run the risk of perpetuating dependence by reducing the chances of economic self-sufficiency?
6.7 Should we use aid funds as a carrot towards independence, and should this offer include an undertaking to continue to provide necessary budgetary aid?
6.8 To reduce abrasiveness of the annual budgetary aid calculations, should we consider funding them?
7. Others' Experiences
7.1 It might be useful to summarise the experience of other colonial powers. One "solution" is used by some communist countries, but their concept of independence and self-determination is, perhaps, rather different to ours. The other solutions tried so far seem to fall broadly into four categories.
7.2 Independence, but linked to the metropolitan power by Treaty of Friendship, etc. Examples of this are UK-Brunei; New Zealand- Western Samoa.
7.3 Full internal autonomy, but leaving the metropolitan power responsible for external affairs and defence. Examples of this are: UK-West Indies Associated States; New Zealand-Niue and Cook Islands; Netherlands-Antilles.
7.4 Colonial administration with limited autonomy. Examples: dependencies; Australia-Christmas, Cocos and Norfolk Islands;
Portugal-Macao; New Zealand-Tokelau.
UK
7.5 Integration. Examples: Denmark-Greenland; Spain-Canary Islands; Portugal-Azores and Madeira (and once Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau).
7.6 The first two categories involve to varying degrees leaving us responsibility without power, which we have learned to dislike.
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