TNAG-0793-FCO40-997-Refugees-from-Vietnam-in-Hong-Kong-Vietnamese-boat-people-1978 — Page 317

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for lower secondary education. An amount of some $280,000 was expended under

becial Programmes including projects financed from the Education Account.

10. United Republic of Tanzania

143. With natural population growth and a small influx of refugees from Uganda during the year, the total refugee population increased from 154,000 in 1976 to 163,500 in 1977, of whom 133,700 were from Burundi, 24,400 from Rwanda, some 3,700 from Uganda and refugees of various origins mainly from Malawi, Zaire, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia. As in previous years, UNHCR's activities in the United Republic of Tanzania focused mainly on local settlement assistance.

144. Most of the refugees from Burundi are accommodated at the Ulyankulu and Katumba settlements which, with populations of over 62,000 each, have become the largest refugee settlements in Africa. In view of the overpopulation of the settlements, initially intended for much smaller numbers, which has raised serious problems notably with respect to the water supply, viability studies of both settlements were undertaken in 1977. On the basis of these studies, it has been decided to reduce the population at Ulyankulu to 30,000 by transferring refugees to a new settlement at Mishamo in 1978.

145. Meanwhile, good progress was made in implementing the emergency water development project at Ulyankulu with the construction of 250 wells, 2 additional dams and a pipeline. A rural dispensary and three primary schools were also built largely from locally-produced materials and construction work was started on two more schools. At the Katumba settlement construction work was undertaken to improve the water supply and other amenities. Two permanent primary schools were completed and progress made on three additional schools. Both settlements having become self-supporting in food, the distribution of food rations from the World Food Programme supplies was phased out in the course of the

year.

146. At the Kigwa settlement for Ugandan refugees most of the community education complex and the water supply system were completed, despite a shortage of building materials. In the latter part of 1977 food rations were distributed to new arrivals only, as the settlement attained self-sufficiency in food production and harvested maize and tobacco as cash crops. It is expected that responsibility for the administration of the settlement may be taken over by the Government of Tanzania in 1978.

147. Other forms of assistance provided by UNHCR in the United Republic of Tanzania mainly concerned help to individual refugees in need, especially South African refugee students.

148. The construction of the secondary school at Tunduru, financed from trust funds made available to UNHCR, had to be postponed until 1978 for technical reasons. Implementation of this project is supervised by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA).

149. Expenditures by UNHCR in 1977 under its General Programme amounted to nearly $2.3 million, of which some $2,247,700 were for local settlement. Expenditures for Special Programmes amounted to some $313,000.

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