all of the power of the army, military regions and corps. In a society where centralism is emphasized, power is inseparable. If they did not seize all power, then the portion of power in their hands could not be consolidated. Afterward, they held that the problem of Liu and Teng was basically solved; they therefore concentrated their attention on toppling Chou and “Dragging out a handful in the army."
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On 16 May 1967, all Chinese Communist newspapers reprinted the 16 May "circular" of the CCP Central Committee. Why did they reprint something published the previous year? A semi-public explanation was spread throughout society: when the 16 May "circular" was published the previous year, Liu, Teng, Peng (Chen), Lo (Jui-ching), Lu (Ting-i) and Yang (Shang-kun) were dragged out. It was now republished because they wanted to drag out a person who was craftier than Liu Shao-chi and who protected many people. It was at this time that Wang Li, Kuan Feng, Chi Pen-yu and the Imperial Guard of the Red Guards' - the Red Guard combined team of the Academic Department secretary set up ties and established an anti-Chou En-lai organisation, the "16 May Corps.' The "16 May Corps" was a close-knit underground organisation, which contained members of a rebels' organisation, the so-called "Underground Group" in Peking. In the second half of 1967 the two big factions in Peking were divided into an anti-Chou faction and an anti-Academic Department faction - Pan (Tzu-nien) and Wu (Chuang-chi). The "16 May Corps" carried out activities through many legalized organisations, such as the "Criticism of Chen (I) Liaison Station" set up by the Peking Foreign Languages College on 16 June, the "Criticism of Po (I-po), Li (Hsien-nien), Yu (Chiu-li) and Ku (Mu) Liaison Station" organised by the Finance and Economics College, etc. They divided forces for an advance, launched joint attacks and unified their actions with the aim of toppling Chou En-lai.
The "16 May Corps" made careful arrangement not only in organisation but also in anti-Chou measures. They profoundly understood that the State Council was an executive organ but not an organ for deciding policies. The problems on all fronts in the country were related to Liu and Teng but not to Chou En-lai. However, foreign affairs were different. Chou participated in the formulation of foreign policies. He was also responsible for their execution or supervised their execution. Under the instruction of Lin, Chiang and Company, the "16 May Corps" therefore worked out an action plan, the so-called "Turmoil in July, big chaos in August and seizure of power in September" in foreign affairs. They selected foreign work as the main phase of attack to make a breach here and to spur the overall situation into action. They branded Chou En-lai as the arch criminal in pushing through a revisionist diplomatic line and wanted to seize the power of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the State Council.
Diplomacy - a breakthrough
The year 1967 saw many troubles in the diplomacy of the Chinese Communists.
At the outset of the Cultural Revolution, the Chinese Communists publicized that "The whole world had entered the new era of Mao Tse-tung Thought." If the Chinese Communists played musical instrument and sang by themselves with the door closed and took delight in such activity and considered it a pleasurable occupation, their neighbours would not bother about it. These stupid swine like Lin and Chiang believed that they could succeed in world revolution by relying on quotations, badges and mouths. They demanded that work concerning foreign affairs meet the requirements of the ultra-leftist line at home. This unavoidably caused tense relations and even conflicts between China and her neighbours.
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