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injury varies widely from scheme to scheme. Thus, under some schemes minor injuries causing no incapacity for work may not be included in the statistics. Furthermore, some schemes cover accidents to and from work, whereas others do not cover such accidents. On the other hand, where the scheme covers occupational diseases, the number and nature of cases depend to a large extent on the definition of cccupational disease, or on the list of diseases which are recognised as Occupational diseases under the legislation. In respect of employment injury benefit schemes, it should be noted that the degree of application may have an important effect. Thus, for example, experience has shown that when the scheme is based on the principle of employer's individual liability, the degree of application may, in many cases, be rather incomplete and consequently the statistics resulting from the application of such schemes may not be complete.
(v) Family benefits
The statistics resulting from family benefits schemes following:
a re essentially the
total number of family units eligible for family allowances (by sex) and total number of eligible dependants (wives, children, others);
family units analysed by number of children eligible for allowances;
children attracting allowances analysed by age for each age of breadwinner;
number of other family benefits (e.g. birth grants) granted during a given period.
The above statistics can be particularly useful for studying family composition; again the scope of protection available in respect of children can be studied by relating the number of eligible children against the total number of children in the appropriate age groups. However, it must be noted that under some schemes allowances are payable in respect of every child, whereas under others the first few children in the family do not attract benefit. The upper age limit fcr
the payment of allowances is another factor which varies from scheme to scheme; the age limit is fixed at about the school-leaving age in most schemes, but there is usually provision for the extension of the age limit in cases where the child continues education, enters apprenticeship or is an invalid.
(vi)
Unemployment benefit
The following are the main data that can result from the operation of an unemployment benefit scheme:
number of cases of unemployment benefit in payment at given dates, analysed by branch of economic activity, and duration of unemployment;
as
number of new cases of unemployment benefit arising during a given period, well as cases of unemployment terminated during the period by cause (found work, right exhausted, other);
total number of unemployment benefit days in respect of which benefit was paid during the given period.
The above data can evidently be а valuable source of information on unemployment, particularly for analytical studies of the characteristics of the unemployed. However it should be noted that the payment of unemployment benefit is usually subject to a qualifying period of contribution or employment and further a waiting period as well as a maximum benefit period are applied in the case of unemployment benefit schemes. Thus care should be exercised when using data on the number of beneficiaries of unemployment benefit schemes to infer about the level cf unemployment.
Statistics on financing
The income and expenditure accounts of social security institutions are presented according to the following schemes:
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