HUNCHUN
春 琿
Hun-chun
Hunchun is derived from Manchu, meaning frontier, and is situated in lat. 24 deg. 25 min. 5 sec. N., long. 130 deg. 22 min. 10 sec. E. of Greenwich, on the right bank of the Hung Ch'i Ho, some 35 li from the Manchukuo-Russian frontier and about 90 li distant from Novokiewsk. In 1714 a detachment of soldiers came here from Ninguta, and this may be regarded as the beginning of Hunchun, which was to be opened to trade, by treaty with Japan (Manchurian Convention), in 1905, but the Customs staff did not arrive before December, 1909. Towards the end of 1921 an electric light plant was installed in the town by a Chinese concern. The surrounding districts are fairly fertile, and the mining possibilities (coal and gold) may, when taken in hand, prove of considerable value.
I
The town (earthen walled) has a population of 7,774 Manchu in addition to whom are 8,622 (September 1938) Japanese and Chosens. The main exports are beans, timber and bean-cakes; and the main imports are flour wheat, cotton piece-goods, machinery, petrol and spirits of wine. (Value of trade in 1937: $5,364,740.00). The light railway (Hunchun to Kunju, Chosen line) was operated from November 1, 1935, and the railway of the same line will be ready for operation on the next spring. Rapid progress is being made in the modernisation of the town of Hunchun.
DIRECTORY
JAPANESE CONSULATE Hunchun, Chien-
tao.and Manchukuo.
Consul-Seijiro Takiyama Chancellors-M. Yoshida and Y. Ishii
PORT ARTHUR
Lu-shun (Ryojun)
Port Arthur, at the point of the "Regent's Sword," or Liaotung Peninsula, was formerly China's chief naval arsenal, but was captured by the Japanese in the war with China in 1894, and its defences and military works were destroyed. In 1898, when Russia obtained a lease of Port Arthur and Talienwan, she fortified the former, making it into a great naval and military stronghold.
By the time the war between Russia and Japan broke out, an anchorage for battleships had been provided at great cost in the western harbour, and the hills surrounding the herbour had been so strongly fortified that Port Arthur had come to be regarded as an impregnable fortress. In May, 1904, Port Arthur was besieged by the Japanese force, under General Nogi, and capitulated on January 1st, 1905, after ropeated conflicts of a most sanguinary character.
Port Arthur (called by the Japanese Ryojun) is now a centre of civil administra tion in the Kwantung Leased Territory. The town is divided into two parts, the old and the new. The old or east part is a business town existing from the Chinese régime, and the Ryojun minor naval depot, Government Hospital, captured arms museum, the fortress commander's office, local civil government office, and the high and district
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