DAIREN"
Dairen (Dalny), the Southern terminus of the South Manchuria Railway, is a commercial port in the Southern corner of the Liaotung Peninsula, Lat 38° 55′ 44′′ N. and Long. 121 37 7" E. When Russia leased the place in 1898 it was only an inconsider- able fishing village. Russia intended to develop Dairen as a commercial port and had made some progress when the Russo-Japanese war broke out. But what the Japanese inherited was a mere nucleus of the present city, namely the section north of the rail- way tracks which to-day forms but a small corner of the city. South of the tracks, where the main part of present-day Dairen stands, was but an area of rough ground, with hills and ponds, which required a vast amount of grading and filling. The plans the Russians formed were gradually much improved upon, and the, Japanese, by dint of great exertions, have brought a thoroughly western civilization here on a scale far more comprehensive than anything that has been accomplished in any other part of China. The health of the locality is exceptionally good. The highest temperature Registered in summer is 30° C. (86°F), and the cold winter season is short and invigorating
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The harbour works had been less than half completed by the Russians, Some work had been done on the eastern half, and only some blocks dumped for the eastern breakwater. Only two wharves had been completed; the depth of the harbour ranging from 17 to 28 feet, with only 18 feet of water at the main wharf basin. Since the Japanese occupation, the S.M.R. Co. has done much in the extension of harbour facilities and their actual management, introducing every nodern appliance for speedy and commodious cargo handling and watering and coaling of vessels, To-day the com- bined length of the breakwaters is 13,436 feet, and they are 3 or 5 feet above the highest tide. The deep water area inside the breakwater is 2,935,003 sq. metre The entrance being very open, viz, 1,200 feet wide, the harbour is accessible to vessels of deep draught at any time of day or state of tide. The total sea- frontage of the first, second and third wharves is 14,296 feet, and of the fourth wharf (4,600 ft.) more than 300 metres have already been opened, increasing the total number of berths to 39. In order still further to lesser congestion at the wharves, a new pier is under construction at Kan Chingtze across the bay, which will attend exclusively to the export of Fushun coal. The wharves are lighted by electricity and are furnished with extensive warehouses and closed sheds measuring 330,699 sq. metres, and railway sidings, with up-to- date appliances for the handling of cargo. At the east end of the shore, an oil pier, 558 feet long, with 30 feet of water, has been constructed for the purpose of discharging inflammable goods and bean oil in bulk. The Railway Co.'s wharf building was partly completed in October, 1920, and the offices of the Railway wharf, Kwangtung Government Marine Bureau, Water Police station, Customs Examination office, etc., were moved into this new structure The warehouse area was 243,440 sq. metres, besides 5 bean oil tanks (each holding capacity 120 tons) in 1928. The waiting pavilion, which cost half a million yen and can accommodate 5,000 persons, was completed by the S. M. R. Co., in January, 1924. The passenger expresses occasionally connect with steamers here. The O.S.K. Company maintains a ticket office and the Bank of Chosen has an Exchange Office in this pavilion which also contains a show- room, dining rooms, stalls for the sale of goods, etc. On the island of Sau- shantao, at the entrance to Dairen Bay, stands a lighthouse, and two other lighthouses have been erected at the northern extremity of the east break- water and at the eastern extremity of the north breakwater, respectively. On the signal tower of the former position and on the island of Sanshantao fog- horns have also been fixed. A wireless telegraph station is established at Takushan, near the entrance of the Bay A new wireless telegraph station of 35 kw. power at Liushutun was completed in 1922. There is a granite dry dock 440' 6" long and 51 feet wide at entrance, with extensive repair shops attached, leased and managed by the Manchuria Dock Yard Co., Ltd. A marine quarantine station, built at a cost of Yen 430,000, was open in Novem-
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