Directory_and_Chronicle_1932 — Page 533

NEWCHWANG-MUKDEN

477

Agents

Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen Hamburg-Amerika Linie, Hamburg Rickmers Linie, Hainburg

Verein Hamburger Assecurandeure

Nord - Deutsche - Versicherungs - Ges.,

46

Hamburg

""

Albingia, Versicherungs

Hamburg

A/G,

Century Insurance Co., Ld., London Netherlands Insurance Co., The Hague

美

STANDARD OIL CO. OF Nw Yok

W. Fothergill, installation supt.

盛來源商英

VANESS & Co., A., Importers and Exporters, Steamship Owners-Telephs. C. 45 & 432

A. van Ess

MANCHURIAN TRADE CENTRES

In addition to Mukden, the Treaties made with China in 1903 by the United States and Japan secured the opening of Antung and Tatungkow in Manchuria. By an additional agreement made between China and Japan in December, 1905, the following inland places in Manchuria were opened to trade on the dates specified :-September 10th, 1906, Tieh-ling, Tung-chiang-tzu and Fakumen; on October 8th, Hsin-min Fu; on December 17th, Manchuli, Harbin, Ch'ang-ch'un (K'uan-ch'êng-tzu) and Kirin; on December 19th, Tsitsihar (Pu-k'uei), the capital of the northern province of Hei-lung- chiang; and on June 28th, 1907, the remaining seven places-Fêng-huang-ch'êng (Ting) Liao-yang, Ninguta, Hun-ch'un, Sansing, Hailar and Aigun-were declared open as a preliminary step prior to the adoption of special settlement regulations. Only at Mukden, Harbin and Newchwang are Foreign Consulates, other than Japanese, established.

MUKDEN

Shên-yang, formerly Feng-t'ien

(Mukden is the Manchu name)

Mukden, the capital of Manchuria, is the capital of the province of Liao- ning(formerly Fêng-t'ien ). It was the ancient seat of the late dynasty of China. Though nominally opened to international residence and trade by the Commercial Treaties concluded by the United States and Japan with China in 1903, it was not really opened until 1906, for in the Russo-Japanese war the city became one of the strongholds of the Russian forces, from which, however, they were eventually driven by the advancing Japanese army after one of the most decisive battles of modern times. When peace was concluded and the troops were withdrawn the trade possi- bilities of the province began to receive increased attention. The principal trade of Mukden has been in grain, such as beans and millet; there is, also, a considerable

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