378
CHINA
a close approximation to actual figures. The footnote will show the limitations that have so far been imposed to a full record of the outlying districts:-
Population
Arca,
Post Office
Province.
estimate
square
Province.
Population Post Office estimate
Area,
squarǝ
miles.
miles.
of 1926.
of 1926.
Anhui
20,198,840
54,826
Shantung.
31,375,849
55,984
Chekiang...
24,139,766
36,680
Szechuen
.... 52,063,606
218,533
Chihli
38,905,695
115,830
Yunnan
11,020,591
146,718
Fukien....
14,329,594
46,332
Shansi
12,153,127
81,853
Hunan
40,529,988 83,398
Shensi
17,222,571
75,290
Hupeh
28,616,576
71,428
Kansu
7,422,818
125,483
Kiangsi
27,563,410
69,498
Honan
35,289,752
67,954
Kiangsu
34,624,433
38,610
Kweichow
....
11,291,261 67,180
Kwangsi
12,258,335
77,220
Manchuria
24,040,819
Kwangtung
36,773,502
100,000
Total......
495,508,838+ 1,896,495
Manchuria (Chinese estimate)
363,700
Firms.
566
Persons.
6,875
17
249
24
527
+ In this total neither Sinkiang nor Tibet is included.
The total number of foreigners in China was given in 1930 as 361,940 made up at
follows:-
Nationality.
American..
Austrian
Belgian
Nationality. Japanese
Firms. Persons.
4,633
255,686
Mexican
4
...
Noweigan
20
280
British
Czechoslovaks
Danish
Dutch Finnish
·
French...
1,027
13,0:5
Polish
36
1,526
29
560
Portugese
150
2,330
39
638
Russian
1,073
65,361
33
652
Spanish
24
327
3
287
Swedish
10
192
186
8,575
Swiss
46
354
German Italian
297
3,006
Other Countries
15
783
51
713
Total.....
8,279
361,940
The principal dependencies of China have been Mongolia, with an area of 1,288,035 square miles, and some 2,000,000 people; and Manchuria, with an area of 362,000 square miles, and an estimated population of 13,700,000. Outer Mongolia in 1912 asserted her independence of Chinese sovereignty, and obtained the formal recognition of Russia, but under the Russo Chinese Treaty concluded in 1915 the suzerainty of China was recognised and the autonomy of Outer Mongolia agreed to. Towards the end of 1919 Outer Mongolia petitioned to return to the authority of Peking. The petition was granted, and the several treaties with Russia were abrogated. Conditions in Outer Mongolia, however, have been by no means stabilised by the ostensible return of Mongolia to China's fold. The invasion of Baron Ungern von Sternberg with an anti-Bolshevik army in Feb- ruary, 1921, caused the intervention of Soviet Russia, whose troops, having dislodged Ungern's men, entered into possession of Urga, the capital of Mon- golia, and the Territory stretching up to the Russian frontier. Inner Mon- golia has been formed into three special administrative districts, viz., Jehoi, Chahar and Suiyuan. Manchuria has in recent years been steadily and rapidly_colonised by Chinese, who greatly outnumber the Manchus in their own land. Tibet-which is also practically a dependency of China and whose actual status is still an outstanding question between Great Britain and China -has an area of 643,734 square miles and a population of over 6,000,000. Down to 1910 it was ruled by the Dalai Lama, but subject to the Government of Peking, which maintains a Resident at Lhassa. In consequence, however, of the Dalai Lama's refusal to comply with the demands of Peking, a Chinese military expedition was dispatched to Lhassa, and he fled to India, where he
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