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INDO-CHINA-TONKIN-HANOI
reaches the town of Hué, the residence of the Emperor of Annam, and finds the sepulchres of the Emperors Gialong, Ming Manh, Thieu Tri, etc., a mine of interest. From Nhatrang the railway runs down to Saigon through the mysterious forest land. The week-end train starting from Saigon on Friday evening runs to Phanrang Station, where motor-cars are waiting for travellers. After a splendid trip of three hours, amid fir-clad hills, the tourist arrives at Dalat Station, about 4,000 feet above sea-level, where there is a large hotel offering excellent accommodation. In the neighbourhood sport of every kind, including big-game hunting specially organised, may be in- dulged in, as well as excursions and motor trips. Nor must reference be omitted to the famous ruins of Angkor, which will bear comparison with those of the ancient kingdom of the Pharaohs.
TONKIN
Originally an independent kingdom, but since 1802 a province of Annam, Tonkin is situated between lat. 19 deg. and 23 deg. N. and long. 102 deg. and 108 deg. 30 min. E., bounded on the north by China, on the west by the Laos country, on the south by Annam, and on the east by the Gulf of Tonkin. The country near the sea is a rich alluvial plain, well watered by numerous rivers, and produces large crops of rice and maize, while sugar, cotton, spices, indigo, silk, arecquier, coffee and various other articles are also raised. It possesses valuable mines of silver, lead, antimony, phosphates and zinc, and gold and copper are also known to exist. Concessions were granted in 1887 for the working of the coal mines at Kebao and Hongay, and 600,000 tons of coal of good quality from the last-named is now exported annually. By the Treaty of Hué, dated the 6th June, 1884, the Annamite Government placed Tonkin under a French Protectorate, and its affairs are administered under the supervision of French Residents. It is, in fact, now practically a French Colony Tonkin is divided into 20 provinces, namely, Quảng yen, Hai-duong, Baeninh, Thai-nguyen, Tuyen- quan, Hồng hoa, Son-tay, Ha-noi, Ninh-binh, Hungyen, Nam-dinh, Bac-kan, Bae giang, Ha-nam, Hoa-binh, Phu-lien, Thai-binh Van-bu, Vinh-yen, Yen-bay, and four military territories, viz. :—1st circles of Langson, Mon-cay, Van-linh; 2nd circles of Cao- bang, Bao-lac; 3rd circles of Ha-giang, Bac-quang; 4th circles of Lao-kay, Bao-ba. Hanoi, the capital, is the chief town of the province of the same name, and appears on old maps as Ke-sho.
There are three European mills for spinning cotton yarn in Tonkin, one at Haiphong of 25,000 spindles, one at Nam-Dinh of 24,000, and one at Hanoi of 10,000. The other industries include the manufacture of cement, soap, albumen, matches. leather and spirits. There are also numerous rice mills and two breweries.
HANOI
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Hanoi, the capital of Tonkin, and now the seat of government, is situated on the right bank of the Songkhoi (Red River), about 100 miles from its mouth. The city is built close to the river and extends about one mile along the bank. The first aspect for visitors arriving from Haiphong by train or river is not an imposing one, as the fashionable portion of the town, the principal European centre, is situated further back. Here the broad and well-kept streets planted with trees, numerous imposing public and private buildings, present a very nice European town of modern style. The city is lighted by electricity and abundantly supplied with good drinkable water by enormous waterworks. Four lines of electric tramways run through the town over a distance of eight miles. A special attraction is the "Petit lac," a lake of nearly half a square mile in the middle of the town, rendered picturesque by the quaint pagodas occupy ing the small islands which adorn it, and surrounded by promenades. Facing the
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