Directory_and_Chronicle_1928 — Page 868

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HONGKONG

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lasted, with two intervals, until April, 1854, the Colony continued to progress, but the garrison and residents still suffered severely from malaria. On the 13th April, 1854, Sir John Bowring took the oaths as Governor, and held the reins until May,

1859. Sir John Bowring was the last Governor who united that office with that of Minister Plenipotentiary and Superintendent of British Trade in China. During his administration various public works were carried out, and the Bowrington Canal was constructed. On October 1st, 1857, The Hongkong Daily Press made its appearance, being the first daily paper published in the Far East. In September, 1859, Sir Hercules Robinson arrived and assumed the administration. In 1860 tlie peninsula of Kowloon was placed under British control, and soon afterwards became a great camp, the English and French troops of the Allied Expeditionary Force being for some time quartered there. The principal work effected during the government of Sir Hercules Robinson was the construction of the original Praya wall, in connection with which an extensive reclamation of land from the sea was made. Prior to that time the marine lot-holders had the entire control of the sea frontage of their lots, and no public road, properly speaking, existed along the water frontage. In 1862 a Clock Tower (demolished as a hindrance to traffic in 1913) was completed, and the Hongkong Mint was erected, but owing to the loss attending the working of this institution it was closed early in 1864, the plant being sold to Japan and re-erected at Osaka. In March, 1865, Sir Hercules Robinson left the Colony, and Mr. Mercer, Colonial Secretary, became Acting Governor until the arrival, in March, 1866, of Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell. In November, 1867, a great fire occurred, which swept the whole district between the Queen's Road and the Praya, from the Cross Roads to the Harbour Master's Office. During Sir Richard MacDonnell's vigorous administration the revenue of the Colony, which had fallen much below the expenditure, was augmented by the imposition of the stamp duties and other measures. One of His Excellency's last official acts was to preside at the opening, in February, 1872, of the Tung Wa (Chinese) Hospital. In April, 1872, Sir Arthur Kennedy arrived and assumed the reins of government, which he held with such tact and dexterity that he acquired the title of "Good Sir Arthur," and a bronze statue of him was erected in the Public Gardens. Under his administration the Colony prospered, but the year 1874 was made memorable in Colonial annals by one of the most destructive typhoons which had down to that time visited it, causing enormous damage and great loss of life. The peaceful reign of Sir Arthur Kennedy was followed by the stormy administration of Sir Jolin Pope Hennessy, who arrived in April, 1877, and left in March, 1882. In this interval the trade of the Colony increased greatly and Governor Hennessy accumu- lated a large surplus, but public works made little progress, the Breakwater at Cause- way Bay being the principal work completed during his administration, while the Observatory was projected. On Christmas Day, 1878, a fire broke out in the Central District of Victoria which destroyed 368 houses and entailed enormous loss on the community. On Sir John's departure Sir William (then Mr.) Marsh, the Colonial Secretary, assumed the Government, and affairs proceeded placidly until the arrival, in March, 1883, of Sir George Bowen. His advent was the signal for great activity in the prosecution of public works, amongst others being the Tytam Waterworks, the Victoria College, the Lunatic Asylum, the Observatory, and the enlargement of the Government Civil Hospital. He was also the means of securing to the residents the privilege of nominating two of the unofficial members of the Legislative Council. Sir George Bowen left Hongkong on the 19th December, 1885, and another interregnum followed. Mr. Marsh administered the Government until April, 1887, when he retired from the service, and Major-General Cameron assumed the reins until the arrival of Governor Sir William G. Des Voeux in October of the same year. The Colony steadily progressed, though naturally with some fluctuations in its prosperity, until in 1889, when, writing to the Secretary of State on its condition and prospects, Sir William Des Voeux was able to remark, with obvious satisfaction:-"It may be doubted whether the evidences of material and moral achievement, presented as it were in a focus, make anywhere a more forcible appeal to eye and imagination, and whether any other spot on the earth is thus more likely to excite, or much more fully justifies, pride in the name of Englishman." After that date a period of deep depression, arising partly from the fluctuations of exchange, partly from over-speculation, and partly from other causes, was experienced, and continued for five years. Sir William Des Vœux resigned the Government on the 7th May, 1891, and, in the absence of the Colonial Secretary, Major-General Digby Barker was sworn in as Acting Governor. Sir William Robinson was appointed Governor and arrived in the Colony on the 10th December, 1891. A petition addressed to the House of Commons at this time in favour