Directory_and_Chronicle_1928 — Page 840

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KONGMOON

It was generally considered that the proximity of Kongmoon to Hongkong and Macao and its favourable situation as an outlet and distributing centre for the southern prefectures of the province augured well for its future prosperity and development. This was, to some extent, true, but it should be remembered that facts have arisen which have tended to diminish rather than increase its commercial importance. Formerly it enjoyed direct communication with Shanghai and Foochow and was the real outlet and distributing centre for the south-western district of the delta and the Southern prefectures of the province. The development of Hongkong and the opening of Kiungchow and Pakhoi as treaty ports, however, have seriously interfered with the junk trade and general welfare of the port, and have, besides, opened up other trade routes to districts hitherto dependent upon Kongmoon for their supplies. At present there are no indications that the sanguine expectations, based upon imperfect knowledge, entertained concerning the over-estimated commercial possibilities of the place will be speedily, if ever, realized. There is daily steam com- munication with Hongkong, and considerable numbers of vessels trading under the Inland Waters Regulations arrive and depart daily. There are also several large junks trading regularly to Hongkong, Macao, and the island of Hainan. A railway from Kongmoon to Samkaphoi on the coast, a distance of about 80 miles, was constructed in 1909-10 under the supervision of native engineers, trained in America, but it stops short three miles from the sea, as to take the line right down would involve laying out a new town on the water-front and dredging operations. A branch line of the Sunning Railway was opened in 1920 from Sunning city to Paksha. The proposed extension to Yeungkong is still under contemplation, and it is doubtful if funds will permit of work being commenced in the near future. A telegraph office was -opened on the 8th December, 1907, in the town, and in November, 1911, in the Settle- ment, and telegraphic communication is now possible with the Fatshan office. A high road between Kongmoon and Hokshan, a town some 50 miles away, has been -constructed, and a public company was formed, with a capital of $240,000, to make roads from Sunwui to Kongmoon and thence to Pakkai which will be suitable for motor traffic. The motor road from Hokshan to Sunwui was officially opened on January 10th, 1922.

The principal articles of export consist of prepared tobacco, joss-sticks, strawmats, paper, palm-leaf fans, fresh oranges and fresh vegetables; imports are largely represented by rice, foreign piece-goods, kerosene oil, sugar, wheat flour, and foreign sundries, including a variety of Japanese commodities of a cheap nature. Large quantities of softwood poles are floated down in the form of rafts, which are dismantled here. These mostly come from beyond Wuchow and also from the North River. The yearly value of this branch of the trade is estimated at about $750,000. Owing to the frequent piracies in the delta, the cocoon market hitherto established at Yungki has been transferred to Kongmoon, and during the season the numerous steam launches and boats employed in this line of business give the port in front of the settlement a lively and animated appearance. There is a silk filature in the town which affords employment to about 300 women; the total out-turn of silk amounts to about 100 catties per day. An interesting local industry is the dredging of large shells, from which a good quality of lime is made. The annual production of these shells is estimated at 200,000 piculs, worth about $40,000. Quite an important industry has sprung up in Kongmoon, namely, the preserving and canning of Chinese fruit for export abroad, where it is consumed by the numerous Chinese in America, Australia and the Straits Settlements. Paper, which finds a ready market in Hong- kong, is manufactured by the Kongmoon Paper Mill.

The unique opportunities presented for transport by the unrivalled waterways of the delta have been well developed by native enterprise, and there is a large and lucrative passenger trade with Canton, Fatshan, Sancheong, Hongkong, Macao, etc. Large, roomy native passenger boats towed by powerful launches are engaged in this trade.

The surrounding country is picturesque, fertile and highly cultivated, and the inhabit- ants are prosperous and industrious. Rice is, of course, the principal crop, and it is milled locally, but mulberry shoots are very extensively cultivated for sale in the silk- producing centres, and large quantities of fresh vegetables are exported to supply the Hongkong market. During the past few years, however, trade in all directions has suffered severely owing to labour strikes and the general unrest prevalent throughout South China. The net value of the port's trade in 1826 was Hk. Tls. 1,768,444, as com- pared with Hk. Tls. 6,617,495 in 1925, Hk. Tls. 15,308,424 in 1924, and Hk. Tls. 17,831,275

in 1923.

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