Directory_and_Chronicle_1923 — Page 741

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WEIHAIWEI-KIAOCHAU (TSINGTAO)

LADIES' DIRECTORY

Mrs. H. L. Beer Miss Beer Mrs. Bottel

Mrs. C. R. Burnett Miss Butcher Mrs. F. Child

Mrs. Duncan Clark Mrs. A. G. Clarke Mrs. P, D. Crawley Miss D. Crawley Mrs. Crosbie Miss Daniell

Mrs. F. Forcey

Mrs. Godwin Miss Gresham Mrs. A. Gunn Mrs. E. N. Hill Mrs. F. Hornbrook Mrs. C. James Mrs. Jowett

Mrs. W. G. McGregor Miss Millar

Mrs. W. M.Muat

Mrs. Niven

Mrs. Ockenden

Mrs. S. W, Roberts

Mrs. Robertson Miss Rout

Mrs. J. L. Sands Mrs. Smith Mrs. Southcott Mrs. Spencer Mrs. Stevenson Mrs. Whitelaw Mrs. Whittaker Miss E. Whittaker Miss J. Wilson

Mrs. Ward-Wilson

KIAOCHAU (TSINGTAO)

州膠 Kiáu-chau

Tsingtao, situated at the entrance to Kiaochau Bay in Shantung, was occupied by a- German squadron on November 14th, 1897, in consequence of the murder of two German missionaries, and Germany obtained from China a lease of the territory for the term of“ 99 years.

When the great war in Europe broke out in 1914, Japan, under the terms of her treaty of alliance with Great Britain, intervened because the peace of the Far East was menaced by the German occupation of Kiaochau, inasmuch as the Colony constituted a naval base for operations in the East against the shipping and terri- tories of the countries with whom Germany was at war. Shortly after the outbreak of the war Japan advised Germany to disarm all her armed vessels in Chinese and Japanese- waters, and to hand Kiaochau over to Japan with a view to its eventual restoration to China Germany returned no reply to this communication. Consequently, on August 23rd, Japan declared war against Germany, and took measures at once in co-operation with the British to blockade and invest the German territory of Kiaochau. The bombardment of the place by land and sea began on September 27th, and the garrison capitulated on November 7th after all the forts had been taken by a final night attack, in which the South Wales Borderers took part with the Japanese. H.M.S. Triumph and the destroyers Usk and Kennett assisted in the naval operations. Upwards of 5,000- prisoners were taken and conveyed to Japan for internment until the end of the war.

By the Sino-Japanese Treaty of 1915, China engaged herself to recognise all. matters that might be agreed upon between the Japanese Government and the German Government respecting the disposition of all the rights, interests and concessions,. which, in virtue of treaties or otherwise, Germany possessed vis-à-vis China in relation to the province of Shantung. This instrument was recognised at the time- by Great Britain and France. At the Conference of the Allies at Paris, the Chinese delegates contended that any rights which Germany possessed should revert to their Government, in accordance with Japan's original undertaking, especially as, since that undertaking was given, China had become one of the Allies. As they failed to obtain satisfaction, they declined to sign the Peace Treaty with Germany, which provided that Germany's rights in Shantung should be transferred to Japan. The matter came before the Washington Conference in 1921, and the result was the Shan- tung Treaty, under which it was provided that the territory should be restored to China. A Sino-Japanese Commission was subsequently appointed to give effect to the provisions of the Treaty, and this body met in 1922 and arranged terms which are set forth in the Treaty section of this volume.